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This Master thesis is within the area of innovative production. The authors are Master students at Mälardalen University in the field of production and process development. The purpose of the thesis is to design a production development process and to apply it in the case study performed at ABB Control Products in Västerås, Sweden. The new production concept developed is needed due to several changes in production of large size contactors that will take place during 2012; a new product size will be introduced, a new design of current products will be implemented, and production capacity for future increasing demands must be investigated. The approach to generate the production concept has been based on theoretical methods and models with focus on the lean philosophy. Through the theoretical framework a process for production development has been designed with the stages; Planning and Preparation, Current State Analyze, Concept Generation, Concept Analyze and Selection, and Visualization of Concept. The outcome of the thesis project is a mapping and disturbance analyze of current production, and a new production concept with an automation solution and a new balancing of the production line included. Finally the new production concept has been visualized in a 3D-simulation model. The main differences of the new production concept compared to current production is that conveyors are used as transportation system through the entire production process and two parallel flows is used in the production line in aim to shorten the lead time.

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The purpose of this thesis is to explore how the standardization of a New Product Development (NPD) process affects creativity and efficiency. The research was conducted on a case company through several interviews with employees connected to the process with various experience within the company. Standardization and creativity have in the past been considered to be mutually exclusive. However, recent research shows a connection between them and suggests that they could complement each other. This thesis is built upon a framework of six factors affecting creativity in NPD and has further explored how these are connected to efficiency as well. The research concludes that creativity and efficiency in NPD can work in harmony, complementing and supporting each other by focusing on the content rather than the process.

Process development of new complex reactions in the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industries is challenging, and expensive. The field is beginning to see a bridging between fundamental first-principles investigations, and utilisation of data-driven statistical methods, such as machine learning. Nonetheless, process development and optimisation in these industries is mostly driven by trial-and-error, and experience. Approaches that move beyond these are limited to the well-developed optimisation of continuous variables, and often do not yield physical insights. This thesis describes several new methods developed to address research questions related to this challenge. First, we investigated whether utilising physical knowledge could aid statistics-guided self-optimisation of a C-H activation reaction, in which the optimisation variables were continuous. We then considered algorithmic treatment of the more challenging discrete variables, focussing on solvents. We parametrised a library of 459 solvents with physically meaningful molecular descriptors. Our case study was a homogeneous Rh-catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation to produce a chiral γ-lactam, with conversion and diastereoselectivity as objectives. We adapted a state-of-the-art multi-objective machine learning algorithm, based on Gaussian processes, to utilise the descriptors as inputs, and to create a surrogate model for each objective. The aim of the algorithm was to determine a set of Pareto solutions with a minimum experimental budget, whilst simultaneously addressing model uncertainty. We found that descriptors are a valuable tool for Design of Experiments, and can produce predictive and interpretable surrogate models. Subsequently, a physical investigation of this reaction led to the discovery of an efficient catalyst-ligand system, which we studied by operando NMR, and identified a parametrised kinetic model. Turning the focus then to ligands for asymmetric hydrogenation, we calculated versatile empirical descriptors based on the similarity of atomic environments, for 102 chiral ligands, to predict diastereoselectivity. Whilst the model fit was good, it failed to accurately predict the performance of an unseen ligand family, due to analogue bias. Physical knowledge has then guided the selection of symmetrised physico-chemical descriptors. This produced more accurate predictive models for diastereoselectivity, including for an unseen ligand family. The contribution of this thesis is a development of novel and effective workflows and methodologies for process development. These open the door for process chemists to save time and resources, freeing them up from routine work, to focus instead on creatively designing new chemistry for future real-world applications.

An overview is provided of materials and processes research currently being conducted in support of MEMS device design at MIT. Underpinning research is being conducted in five areas: room temperature strength characterization, elevated temperature strength characterization, processing of Si/SiC hybrid structures, modeling of wafer bonding processes and development of high temperature fluid interconnections. Emphasis is placed on the key areas of materials science and engineering. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:48:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 08981.pdf: 2609824 bytes, checksum: 3dce00811de5787401482dd23d790cf9 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Screening of expression constructs suitable for protein pharmaceuticals is often done in batch cultivations. But the production of the recombinant protein is made during fed-batch cultivations. The two types of cultivations are different and therefore may good expression constructs that grow poorly in batch cultivations but good in fed-batch cultivations be rejected. Therefore would it be desirable to develop a fed-batch method that can be used in shake flasks. Biosilta has developed a method where starch is broken down into glucose by an enzyme creating fed-batch conditions. This method has been tried out and analyzed during this project. It is shown that the cells grown under these conditions can be glucose limited. However, at a later stage of the cultivation the cells produce a large amount of acetate and pH is not stable. The system builds on a booster tablet which content is unknown. If the booster is not added to the cultivations the cells stop growing, this indicates that there is some other limitation than just glucose. It is also seen that the amount of protein that is produced during this fed-batch mimic cultivation is much lower than that is produced during normal batch cultivations. I would therefore not recommend EnBase as a screening method. / Screening av nya rekombinanta proteiner som ska användas till läkemedel sker oftast i batch-odling. Men själva odlingen av proteinläkemedlet sker sedan under fed-batch förhållanden. Dessa två typer av odling är olika och då cellerna växer olika kan detta leda till att fel, eller den inte mest lämpade kandidaten väljs. Därför vore det önskvärt att ta fram en fed-batch liknande metod i skakkolvar. Biosilta har tagit fram en metod där ett enzym bryter ned stärkelse till glukos som påminner om fed-batch. Denna metod har testats och undersökts i detta examensarbete. Det har visat sig att cellerna som växer under dessa förhållanden är begränsade på glukos men producerar stora mängder ättiksyra under den senare fasen av odlingen och att pH varierar mycket. Systemet bygger mycket på att en booster-tablett tillsätts, vad denna tablett innehåller är okänt. Men om tabletten inte tillsätts slutar cellerna att växa, detta tyder på att det finns någon mer begränsning än glukos. Det visade sig även att protein produktionen blev mycket lägre än vid odling i batch-fas. Det skulle av anledning av ovanstående inte vara bra att använda sig av EnBase som en screening metod.