Abstract This thesis describes efforts made on the development of an existing catalytic incinerator. The development work, called process characterization, consists of four general parts. These are the development of measurement methodology, the studying of construction materials, the selection of suitable catalysts and the testing of the effects of process operation conditions. The two application areas for catalytic incineration considered in this thesis are solvent emission abatement (VOC, volatile organic compounds) and chip bin emission abatement (SVOC, sulphur-containing volatile organic compounds). As a baseline, the process characterization is started with the development of measurement methodology. In general, the methodology will decrease costs and simplify the carrying out of the actual measurements and thereby make the measurement time more effective. In the methodology it is proposed that continuous total concentration measurement should be used in connection with qualitative sampling to obtain reliable measurement data. The selection of suitable construction materials for the application is very important. As shown in this thesis, the end conversions in solvent emission abatement may even be improved through the selection of the proper construction materials. In chip bin emission abatement, the problem arises from corrosive oxidation products that set limits on the construction materials used as well as on oxidation conditions. Catalyst selection is based on the following catalytic properties: activity, selectivity and durability. These catalytic properties are studied either at the laboratory or on an industrial scale. The catalytic materials tested are Pt, Pd, Pt-Pd, Cu-Mn oxides, MnO2-MgO, CuxMg(1-x)Cr2O4 and CuxCr2O4. The most important selection criteria in solvent emission abatement are proposed to be activity and selectivity. In the case of chip bin-SVOC-abatement, these are selectivity and durability. Based on these criteria, catalysts containing Cu-Mn oxides and Pt were demonstrated to be the best catalysts in VOC oxidation, and catalyst containing MnO2-MgO was shown to be best catalyst in SVOC oxidation. A study on the effect of process operation parameters (temperature, concentration and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV)) and moisture was carried out with the aid of factorial design. In VOC (n-butyl acetate) oxidation, the most influential process parameter was GHSV, which decreased the end conversion when it was increased. In SVOC (DMDS) oxidation, the effect of temperature was most significant. The end conversions increased as the temperature increased. Moisture slightly decreased the formation of by-products in n-butyl acetate oxidation. In DMDS oxidation, moisture slightly increased the end conversions at a lower temperature level (300°C). At the end of the thesis, these process parameters are also discussed from the standpoint of the catalysts' activity, selectivity and durability. Finally, proposals for process improvements are suggested.

Ericsson är ett världsledande telekommunikationsföretag som förhandlar två gånger per år med logistik tjänsteleverantörer, om priser och transportsträckor som är anslutna till logistisk nätverket. Förhandlingar resulterar i avtal och nya priser för den kommande perioden. Tidigare interna undersökningar visar att Ericsson har fakturerats högre, i jämförelse med de överenskomna priserna. Sammanlagt uppgår det till 7 - 8 siffrigt värde årligen. De tidigare interna undersökningarna identifierar överbetalningar, upptäckta med hänsyn till de uppsatta villkoren för accepterad överbetalningsmarginal i systemet. Inom denna studie skall fokus läggas på kostnader under de uppsatta kostnadsvillkoren i systemet. Genom detta redovisa kostnader som inte tas upp av den integrerade filtret i systemet.Uppdraget är att identifiera avvikelser kopplade till fakturaprocessen. Genom att identifiera uppkomna avvikelser, är målet att hitta främsta orsak för respektive avvikelse. Syftet är att finna en lämplig process för att förebygga framtida avvikelser. För att genomföra studien inom den uppsatta tidsramen, har avgränsning bestämts till att undersöka och analysera två stora logistikföretag. Dessa har anknytning till de tre länder som bidrog till flest överbetalningar under 2012. Teorier inom lean utveckling, processutveckling, supply chain management och EDI gentemot manuellt fakturaflöde, har studerats djupgående. Genom att kombinera en kvalitativ och kvantitativ studie, har det empiriska resultatet lett till identifiering av de mest frekventa avvikelser, kopplade till fakturaprocessen.Resultat från den genomförda studien har legat till grund, för att föreslå konkreta förbättringar, kopplade till fakturaprocessen. En uppsättning av sju genomförbara och kostnadseffektiva förbättringar inom informationsflödet, arbetsmetodik samt processflödet presenteras.1. Produktifiering av logistiktjänster2. Integration av prislistor in till SAP One3. Plattform för kommunikation4. Tydliggör aktörers ansvarsområde5. Andon lösning för kvalitetssäkring inom fakturaprocessen6. LSP tilldelas Ericssonsfraktkalkylator7. Informationsutökning till Prime log från LSPSamlingen består av kortsiktiga förslag som kan implementeras omgående, samt långsiktiga förslag i förebyggande syfte. Presenterade förbättringar är anpassade till respektive angelägen aktör. Rekommendation är att implementera föreslagna förbättringar, för att minska/eliminera de redovisade avvikelserna. / A world leading telecommunication company, Ericsson negotiates twice a year with the logistics service providers, regarding prices and lanes connected to the logistics network. The negotiations results in agreements and new prices for the upcoming period. Previous internal studies reveal that Ericsson is being invoiced higher, compared to the agreed prices. The study reveals an overpayment value of 7 - 8 digits annually. Hence, revealing the overpayments detected by the set cost condition in the system. The conducted study will focus on the overpayments that are under the set cost condition in the system. By that, identifying the costs that are not been taken in consideration currently.The mission is to identify upcoming discrepancies, connected to the invoice process. By identifying upcoming discrepancies, the goal is to find the main reason for each detected discrepancy. By that, propose suitable processes for preventing future discrepancies.In order to investigate and conduct the required study, delimitation was made to analyse two major logistics providers. The study includes three targeted countries, which contributed to most discrepancies during 2012. Theories in lean development, process development, supply chain management and EDI vs. manual invoice flow have been studied in detail. By combining a qualitative and quantitative scientific approach, the empirical results have revealed the most upcoming discrepancies, connected to the invoice process.The result from the conducted study has been the main foundation, in order to suggest tangible improvements, connected to the invoice process. A set of seven tangible and cost efficient improvements, within the information flow, work methodology and process flow are presented.1. Productify Logistics Services2. Integration of Pricelists into SAP One3. Platform for Communication4. Stakeholder Clarification5. Andon Solution for Invoice Quality Assurance6. Provide LSP with Ericsson Freight Calculator7. Extended Information into Prime log from LSPThe collection consists of short term proposals that can be implemented immediately and long term proposals for preventive purposes. The proposed improvements are adapted to each involved stakeholder. Recommendation is to implement the proposed improvements, in order to reduce/eliminate the detected discrepancies.

Frågeställningar: F1: Vilka synergier existerar mellan processen för utförande av NPD och projektstyrning inom entreprenadfordonsbranschen i Sverige? F2: Vilka är utmaningarna i att integrera NPD processen med processen för projektstyrning?        Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka utförandet av NPD processen inom branschen entreprenadfordon i Sverige, detta för att finna synergier mellan denna process samt processen för projektstyrning.    Metod: Studiens forskningsansats är av abduktiv karaktär där forskningsdesignen är en fördjupad fallstudie tillsammans med en kvalitativ analysmetod. Det teoretiska data består av vetenskaplig litteratur, medan den empiriska data omfattar fallstudien som består av observationer, dokumentanalys, workshops och intervjuer för att besvara frågeställningarna.    Slutsats: För besvarandet av studiens syfte är en slutsats att det finns synergier mellan NPD processen och processen för projektstyrning hos fallföretaget inom entreprenadfordonsbranschen. För besvarandet av F1 är en slutsats att det existerar synergier mellan processerna i form av företagsstrategi, syfte, målsättningar, projektdefinition och att de styrs av rigida metoder. För besvarandet av F2 är en slutsats att det finns markanta differenser mellan dessa processer, därmed är utmaningarna för integrering dess olika tidplaner, gatestrukturer, användningsområden och begränsad flexibilitet. / Research questions:      RQ1: What synergies exists between the process and execution of NPD and project management within the industry of construction vehicle in Sweden? RQ2: What are the challenges in the integration of the NPD process and the process of project management? Purpose:         The purpose of this study is to investigate the execution of NPD within the construction vehicle industry in Sweden, this to find synergies between this process and the process for project management.    Method:         The study approach is of an abductive nature and the research design is an exploratory case study in conjunction with a qualitative research method. The theoretical data consists of scientific literature, as the empirical data includes the case company and consists of observations, document analysis, workshops and interviews to fulfil the research questions.    Conclusion:    To answer the purpose of this study, a conclusion is that there exist synergies between the NPD process and the process for project management at the case company within the construction vehicle industry. To answer RQ1 a conclusion is that there exist synergies between the processes in forms of company strategy, purpose, objectives, project definition and that they are directed by rigid methods. To answer RQ2 a conclusion is that there are great differences between the processes, hence the challenges of integration are their different time plan, gate structure, area of use and limited flexibility.

Siemens Energy develops, manufactures, and provides service of products utilized for production of green energy. This thesis has been conducted at Siemens Energy in Finspång and the department of steam turbine design. A major part of the work at the department includes service and updates of operating steam turbines located all around the world. The tasks of updating and service are short and require quick answers as the plant is waiting to be started. In order to adapt to the rapid development time required, the department of steam turbine design has developed a CAD automation process for drawing production of steam turbine diaphragms. The automation process is developed in an older CAD system that the department long have relied on. This CAD software and thus the automation process will soon be retired and taken out of service since the company is switching to the modern CAD software NX. This thesis is aimed at investigating the current development process at the department and propose and develop a new CAD automation process in NX for steam turbine diaphragms. The work was initiated by performing an analysis of the current situation where the collection of data constituted a solid ground for the rest of the thesis. The data lay the basis for the creation of a design specification which later served as a starting point for both the search and development of solution proposals regarding CAD automation. During the concept generation, it became clear that the development process embodied the scope of concepts, a form of application programming interface to achieve design automation was considered evident. This implied a more area-focused concept generation leading up to multiple solution concepts. After the generated solutions had been sorted and ranked, the solution to proceed with was based on NX integrated tool Knowledge Fusion to achieve CAD automation in NX. The development of the automation process and associated models utilized theories such as the MOKA methodology, high level cad templates and on explicit reference modeling. Resulting in a CAD automation process with possibilities to deliver both CAD models and technical drawings within a timeframe that reduces development time. It was concluded that the developed CAD automation process and associated models assured quality and reliability of the CAD material produced. Furthermore, the developed solution fit in the existing diaphragm development process and showed potential to significantly reduce the development time of steam turbine diaphragms.

Research-oriented teaching is a constructivist form of teaching, where the student is not only passed on the material passively, but the student is actively involved in solving the problem. In the role of researcher, he makes hypotheses, conducts experiments and draws conclusions. The main goal of this work was to find out the development of students' skills to plan the research process in science research at the 2nd Dobříš Primary School. The work was divided into three parts. In the introduction to the theoretical part, the aim was to introduce readers to research- oriented teaching in biology lessons at the second level and the characteristics of concepts. The practical part was focused mainly on observing and evaluating the development of the ability to plan progress on already created topics for BOV. It was found that more than half of the students are able to formulate the procedure correctly for a given task and the rest are able to create a partial procedure or none at all. It would therefore be appropriate to focus on deepening knowledge and practical skills in research- oriented teaching. KEYWORDS Research-oriented teaching, research, process development, biology

In this report, the topics of quality management, knowledge work, and Lean Six Sigma areexplored with the objective of identifying potential improvements that could be facilitated byData mining methods. With the purpose of exploring the topic of knowledge extraction fromfree-text data to support decision-making in manufacturing operations from a qualitymanagement perspective. Due to increased amounts of data being generated by new technologiessuch as Industrial Internet of Things, and increasingly complex production systems, newchallenges are emerging for manufacturing companies (Titmarsh, et al., 2020; Kamm, et al.,2021). These developments can potentially lead to an escalation of the demands on knowledgeworkers within quality management due to additional data processing. Such tasks have beenobserved to potentially increase cognitive load with decreased knowledge work productivity asa consequence, which is a key factor in effective quality management (Yusoff, et al., 2017). Inparticular, free-text data have been observed to be a challenge when implementing data miningmethods.The conducted research was guided by the following three research questions:RQ 1: What are the challenges of manually performed knowledge discovery in data for qualitymanagement?RQ 2: What are the potential benefits of implementing data mining methods for qualitymanagement in Lean Six Sigma companies?RQ 3: How can complex data processing tasks that include free-text analysis be improved?The topics in question were explored by utilizing peer-reviewed literature, which was verifiedby a case study carried out at a Lean Six Sigma industrial equipment manufacturer. The casestudy includes observations and interviews to gain understanding of the case company’soperations within the selected scope. In addition, an experimental solution with the objective ofimproving an inefficient process was developed using data mining methods for free-text analysis,as described in literature. Such methods are commonly referred to as text mining.During the case study, the challenges described in literature related to text mining in general, andwithin the manufacturing industry in particular, were observed and experienced first-hand.Properties such as lack of labelled data samples, imbalanced data sets, insufficient data qualitydue to varying grammar, and the common use of mixed languages make the implementation oftext mining in industrial contexts a challenge (Ittoo, et al., 2016). The achieved results confirmseveral of the challenges described in the reviewed literature. The task of pre-processing data toenable data-driven decision-making at the case company is identified as an inefficient, butnecessary task for extracting useful knowledge from the company’s collected data. In an attemptto identify potential improvements for this particular task, several different experimentalmachine learning models for text classification were developed.While the developed solutions did not show sufficient performance to enable full automation ofthe task, potentially promising solutions were discovered. Particularly the data-driven nature ofthe systematic Lean Six Sigma methodology was observed to be suitable for integrating withdata mining methods for enhanced results (Fahey, et al. 2020; Fahmy, et al. 2017). In addition,reducing non-value adding and cognitively demanding tasks could support in optimizing thecognitive load experienced by knowledge workers and allow for increased performance inquality management activities (Jalani, et al. 2015).

Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-08-21T13:05:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Leite.pdf: 5184172 bytes, checksum: 6e560c465acfbbc76b4bfc1dd01bd86b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-21T13:05:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Leite.pdf: 5184172 bytes, checksum: 6e560c465acfbbc76b4bfc1dd01bd86b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-17 / The interest in the agent-oriented paradigm development has increased in recent years. This is due mainly to the increasing complexity of current software that requires new characteristics as autonomy behavior. In the agent-oriented paradigm, the software has no longer a strictly predictable behavior, has from the control over their own behavior and can make decisions based on observations the environment and inferences upon its knowledge base. A set of meth and process have been already proposed for agent-oriented software engineering. Domain Engineering is a process for the development of a reusable application family in a particular domain problem, and Application Engineering, the one for the construction of a specific application in a family based on the reuse of software artifacts in the application family previously produced in the Domain Engineering process. MADAE-Pro is an ontology-driven process for multi-agent domain and application engineering which promotes the construction and reuse of agent-oriented applications families. The process is specified in a formal representation language, thus avoiding ambiguous interpretations. Another differential of MADAE-Pro is the reuse of software support in all levels of abstraction, from the requirements to the deployment. / O interesse pelo paradigma de desenvolvimento orientado a agentes tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Isso se deve principalmente ao crescente aumento da complexidade dos produtos de software atuais que requerem novas características como comportamento autônomo. No paradigma orientado a agentes, o software deixa de ter comportamento estritamente previsível e passa a ter controle sobre seu próprio comportamento, podendo tomar decisões a partir de observações do ambiente e de inferências realizada em sua base de conhecimento. Para guiar o desenvolvimento orientado a agentes tem sido proposto um conjunto de metodologias e processos pela comunidade da Engenharia de Software. Nesse trabalho, apresenta-se MADAE-Pro, um processo para o desenvolvimento de sistemas multiagente com alguns diferenciais em relação aos já propostos pela comunidade. A Engenharia de Domínio é um processo para criação de abstrações de software reusáveis no desenvolvimento de uma família de aplicações em um domínio particular de problema. A Engenharia de Aplicações é um processo para construção de aplicações baseadas no reúso de artefatos de software previamente produzidos no processo da Engenharia de Domínio. O MADAE-Pro é um processo dirigido por ontologias para a Engenharia de Domínio e de Aplicações Multiagente, o qual promove a construção e o reúso de famílias de aplicações. O processo é especificado em uma linguagem de representação de processos formal, evitando assim interpretações ambíguas. Outro diferencial do MADAE-Pro é o suporte ao reúso de software em todos os níveis de abstração, desde os requisitos até a implementação.

House construction today is largely project-based, where the buildings are tailored tounique conditions and locations that are rarely the same as another build on anotherbuilding site. In addition to the building itself and the building site, involved actorsusually also change from project to project. As a result of today's project-basedconstruction, there is a lack of a standardized and systematic work process forconstruction work. A systematic work process could contribute to all the players' pursuitof profit. To explore the possibilities of creating an improved work process, this study focusedon balconies of wooden houses. The purpose and objectives of the work were therefore designed to evaluate today'sconstruction work for the design of balconies in wooden houses, where possible areasof improvement were evaluated to create a systematic work process for constructorsin designing and dimensioning balconies in wooden houses.In order to achieve the purpose and objectives of the work, four questions have beendeveloped that focus on the production of systematic work processes, the current workprocess of the construction work, design methods and balconies in wooden houses.Existing research and published material were found through a literature and contextstudy to further develop the study’s work. Theory regarding systematisation and process development, balconies,dimensioning of supporting structures, etc. was the basis for how the work would becarried out. The systematized work process for balcony design was, however, createdusing information from the qualitative interview study with a total of eight (8)respondents in different roles I house building. The work process was then partiallytested in a quantitative verification. The work resulted in a systematic work process in the form of a checklist that includesgeneral tips as well as a chronological workflow that describes how, when, with whomand what should and can be done at the balcony design to get the best possible results.A description of the existing balcony types has also been developed to simplify workand to clarify important points and tasks in the design of a particular type of balcony. The workflow is divided into the activities of the design and dimensioning, such asstart-up, design and dimensioning of the balcony's main components, detail designand dimensioning of fastening components, drawing up drawings and assemblydescriptions, and follow-up and development of the work process. Based on the results of the study, the questions were answered with a description ofthe four (4) types of balcony, which were based on theory and were strengthened bymeans of empirical data from the respondents. Two (2) of the balcony types are viiiconsidered more common, balconies with pillars to land and rods above the balconyplate, where the latter is considered the most common in wooden houses at present.Today's construction work for designing and dimensioning balconies in woodenhouses is similar in large part, but due to the use of prefabrication and standardizationdegree the work differs from each other. The verification of a part of the work process resulted in a balcony solution with crosslaminated timber as a balcony slab and in a comparison between results from aproposed software and hand calculations. The comparison showed that the softwarecan be used for dimensioning balconies with cross laminated timber, with the exceptionthat the dimensioning for fire must be done by hand because of deficiencies in thesoftware's settings. The study has shown that systematisation is often based on LEAN Production, whichwas created by the Japanese automotive industry, which focuses on creating efficientwork processes by circularly examining, testing, evaluating and developing workprocesses. The conclusion of the work is that it is possible to systematise construction work, butunlike the manufacturing industry, the work process must have adjustment possibilitiesduring the work to meet the commonly occurring changes in house construction.However, in order for the systematisation work to be carried out, increasedunderstanding and involvement from and by other actors than constructors arerequired. A systematic work process together with type solutions and standardized calculationmethods can shorten the design time, improve and secure the solutions, and allowmore time for creative thinking to further improve the balcony solutions and the workprocess.

<p>Zadatak ove doktorske disertacije je bio da se utvrde<br />osobenosti procesa su&scaron;enja i zrenja tokom proizvodnje suve<br />fermentisane<em> Petrovačke kobasice (Petrovsk&aacute; klob&aacute;sa)</em> u<br />tradicionalnim uslovima, a zatim da se na osnovu dobijenih<br />rezultata i stečenih znanja započne razvoj i implementacija<br />optimalnog modela su&scaron;enja i zrenja ove kobasice u<br />kontrolisanim uslovima registrovanog objekta za preradu<br />mesa.<br />U cilju realizacije postavljenog zadatka tokom tri proizvodne<br />sezone je izrađeno devet modela <em>Petrovačke kobasice</em> kako bi se<br />ispitao uticaj vi&scaron;e varijabilnih faktora (proizvodna sezona,<br />upotreba toplog ili hladnog mesa, ručno ili ma&scaron;insko me&scaron;anje<br />nadeva, tradicionalni ili kontrolisani uslovi su&scaron;enja i zrenja,<br />dodatak starter kulture, pakovanje u vakuumu ili modifikovanoj<br />atmosferi) na intenzitet i brzinu procesa su&scaron;enja i zrenja, a<br />posledično i na kvalitet finalnih proizvoda.<br />Tokom proizvodnje kobasica kontunualno su registrovani<br />termo-higrometrijski uslovi u prostorijama za dimljenje, su&scaron;enje<br />i zrenje. Kinetika procesa su&scaron;enja je utvrđena na osnovu većeg<br />broja pokazatelja, a razlika u intenzitetu spolja&scaron;nje i unutra&scaron;nje<br />difuzije vlage je utvrđena na osnovu odnosa sadržaja vlage i<br />ukupnog pepela u unutra&scaron;njoj i spolja&scaron;njoj frakciji kobasica.<br />Brzina i intenzitet procesa zrenja su utvrđeni na osnovu nastanka<br />i akumulacije pojedinih azotnih frakcija (NPN, NH₂-N), kao i<br />redovnim određivanjem kvalitativnog i kvantitativnog sastava<br />ekstrakata sarkoplazmatskih i miofibrilarnih proteina uz pomoć<br />savremene analitičke tehnike elektroforetskog razdvajanja<br />proteinskih frakcija na čipu (Lab-on-a-chip metod).<br />Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da<br />optimalni model su&scaron;enja i zrenja kobasica izrađenih od hladnog<br />mesa u tradicionalnim uslovima, koji je rezultirao visokim<br />senzornim kvalitetom kobasica (&asymp;100%), podrazumeva nizak<br />intenzitet fermentacije, odnosno mali pad vrednosti pH do &asymp;5,3<br />oko 60. dana izrade, te naknadni rast ovog pokazatelja do<br />vrednosti &ge;5,4. Takva promena pH uz odgovarajuće termohigrometrijske<br />uslove utiče da su&scaron;enje kobasica bude sporo, te da<br />90. dana rezultira gubitkom mase u intervalu od 35 do 40% i<br />sadržajem vlage manjim od 35% (optimalno &asymp;32%). Takođe,<br />ovaj model proizvodnje (zrenja) podrazumeva nisku aktivnost<br />katepsina D, produženu inicijalnu fazu proteolize, te intenzivnu<br />hidrolizu miozina, ali ne i aktina. Intenzivna razgradnja miozina<br />tokom procesa zrenja je registrovana i u ostalim grupama<br />kobasica, dok je razgradnja aktina registrovana isključivo u<br />kobasicama koje je tokom proizvodnje karakterisao veliki pad<br />vrednosti pH (0,5 &ndash; 0,6 jedinica),<br />Navedeni model proizvodnje u tradicionalnim uslovima je<br />poslužio kao osnova za razvoj procesa su&scaron;enja i zrenja u<br />kontrolisanim uslovima, te je utvrđeno da Petrovačka kobasica<br />visokog senzornog kvaliteta (&gt;90%) može biti proizvedena u<br />ovim uslovima, uz znatno kraći period su&scaron;enja (60 dana), ali uz<br />dodatnih 60 dana zrenja (skladi&scaron;tenja) u vakuum pakovanju.<br />Takođe, zaključeno je da dodatak bakterijske starter kulture<br />može pozitivno uticati na ukupni senzorni kvalitet Petrovačke<br />kobasice izrađene van uobičajene sezone izrade, ali da je za tu<br />svrhu potrebno razviti autohtonu starter kulturu na bazi<br />mikroorganizama izolovanih iz kobasice proizvedene prema<br />optimalnom modelu u tradicionalnim uslovima.</p> / <p>The aim of this Ph.D. dissertation was to determine the<br />characteristics of drying and ripening processes during<br />traditional production of dry fermented sausage <em>Petrovsk&aacute;<br />klob&aacute;sa</em>, and based on obtained results to develop and implement<br />the optimal model of drying and ripening of <em>Petrovsk&aacute; klob&aacute;sa</em><br />in controlled conditions of registered meat processing plant.<br />In order to achieve the defined tasks in three production<br />seasons nine models of <em>Petrovsk&aacute; klob&aacute;sa</em> were produced and<br />analysed to examine the effects of multiple variable factors<br />(production season, usage of hot or cold meat, hand or machine<br />mixing of sausage mixture, traditional or controlled drying and<br />ripening conditions, starter culture addition, vacuum or modified<br />atmosphere packiging) on the intensity and velocity of the drying<br />and ripening processes, and consequently on quality of the final<br />product.<br />During the sausages production thermo-hygrometric<br />conditions in smoking, drying and ripening rooms were<br />continuously registered. The kinetics of the drying process was<br />determined based on a number of indicators, and the difference<br />in the intensity of external and internal moisture diffusion was<br />determined based on the ratio of moisture and total ash content<br />in the internal and external fractions of sausage. The velocity and<br />intensity of the ripening process were determined based on the<br />formation and accumulation of nitrogen fractions (NPN, NH₂-<br />N), as well as permanent determination of the qualitative and<br />quantitative composition of the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar<br />proteins extracts, performed using modern, electrophoresis<br />based, analytical method (Lab-on-a-chip method).<br />Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the<br />optimal model of drying and ripening, of sausages made from<br />cold meat, in traditional conditions, which resulted in a high<br />sensory quality (&asymp;100%), implies low fermentation intensity, i.e.<br />slight decrease of pH value, to &asymp;5.3 at about 60th day of<br />producton, and subsequent growth of pH to the value of &ge;5.4.<br />Such pH changes and corresponding thermo-hygrometric<br />conditions impact slow drying process, resulting in the weight<br />loss in the range 35-40% and a moisture content less than 35%<br />(&asymp;32% is optimal) at 90th day of production. Also, this model of<br />production (ripening) implies a low activity of cathepsin D,<br />extended initial phase of proteolysis and intensive myosin but<br />not actin hydrolysis. During the ripening process intense myosin<br />degradation was also recorded in other groups of sausages, while<br />the degradation of actin was registered only in sausages<br />characterized by a large drop in pH value (&asymp;0.5 - 0.6 units)<br />during production.<br />The above-mentioned model of production in traditional<br />conditions was used as the basis for the development of the<br />drying and ripening processes in controlled conditions, and it<br />was found that <em>Petrovsk&aacute; klob&aacute;sa</em> characterised with high<br />sensory quality (&gt;90%) can be produced in controlled<br />conditions, during shorter drying period (60 days), but with an<br />additional 60 days of ripening (storage) in vacuum packaging.<br />Also, it was concluded that the addition of starter culture can<br />positively affect the overall sensory quality of <em>Petrovsk&aacute; klob&aacute;sa</em><br />made out of usual season, but for such production it is necessary<br />to develop an indigenous starter culture based on<br />microorganisms isolated from sausages produced under the<br />optimal model in traditional conditions.</p>

Dagens trend av industriell tillverkning och konsumtion är av linjär karaktär. Material utvinns, blir produkter och hamnar sedan på deponi. Detta examensarbete har tillsammans med Industrial Development Center AB syftat till att skapa en mer hållbar industriell tillverkning inom Skaraborgsregionen, genom att forma en produktutvecklingsprocess i enlighet med cirkulär ekonomi. Cirkulär ekonomi förespråkar att avfall inte får förekomma och att produkter och material ska cirkulera i kretslopp. Projektet bestod därför av en bred förstudie för att samla och utvärdera ett stort område med teorier, processer och företagens ansvarsroller. Vidare analyserades en generell produkts livscykel och en processkarta skapades tillsammans med cirkulär ekonomi och produktutvecklingsprocesser. Arbetet knöts an med en omfattande kravspecifikation som sedan användes som utvärderingsunderlag för vad som skulle bli en ny produktutvecklingsprocess med cirkulär ekonomi implementerat. Slutligen utvärderades resultatet med en erfaren användare för att få en initial bedömning av resultatets användbarhet för målgrupperna. Resultatet blev en miljöanpassad produktutvecklingsprocess och en folder beskrivande hur och varför cirkulär ekonomi kan gynna företag och samhälle. / Today’s trend of production and consumption has a linear type. Material is extracted, become products and then end up as landfill. This thesis has together with Industrial Development Center AB aimed to create a more sustainable industrial production within the region of Skaraborg, by forming a product development process according to circular economy. Circular economy advocates that there should be no waste and products and material should circulate throughout different cycles. Hence this thesis consist of a broad pre-study to collect and evaluate a big range of theories, processes and enterprise responsibilities. Later on a general product lifecycle was studied and a map of a process was made with circular economy and product development processes in mind. The work was tied together by a performance specification table. This document was also used as a basis for the evaluation of the final product development process with circular economy implemented. Finally, the result was also evaluated by an experienced user to get an initial assessment of the result’s usability for the target groups. The result was an environmentally adapted product development process and a folder explaining how and why circular economy is to support enterprises and the community.