Under vinterhalvåret krävs snöröjning på en flygplats och den processen utgör idag ett hinder för flygtrafiken. Snöröjningsprocessen av en landningsbana ser olika ut beroende på flygplats i världen. Swedavia driver ett världsledandeprojekt som avser att automatisera snöröjningsprocessen. Denna rapport visar det ekonomiska resultat som erhålls som följd av att den inre effektiviteten ökas i snöröjningsprocessen. Detta visas genom fyra effektivitetsmått - resursnyttjande, kapabilitet, flexibilitet och ledtid. Resultatet från samtliga effektivitetsmått visar ett övertygande samband mellan processeffektivitet och reducerade kostnader. Andra områden där kostnadsbesparingar kan undersökas är leanslöserier. Leanslöserier har undersökts under projektet och en förbättring har konstaterats inom flera områden, men magnituden har inte beaktats i detta arbete. / Snow removal at the airports is a requirement during the period of October-March. The snow removal process is currently an obstacle for arriving and departing air traffic. Swedavia is implementing a world-leading project with intentions to automate the snow removal process. This report’s purpose is to visualize the financial result because of the increasing inner efficiency of the snow removal process. Resource utilization, capability, flexibility and lead time were used as criteria to illustrate the relation between process efficiency and reduced costs. Using these four criteria, all results indicate a connection between process efficiency and reduced costs. Other areas where cost reduction may be investigated are lean wastes. Lean wastes have been investigated during this project and improvements have been noted in several areas. However, the cost-saving magnitude of these improvements is not considered in this report.

no / Real-time diagnostics of ceramic powder injection molding using a commercial micromolding machine was performed using ultrasound. Miniature ultrasonic sensors were integrated onto the mold insert. Melt front, solidification, temperature variation and part detachment of the feedstock inside the mold cavity were observed. It has been demonstrated that ultrasonic velocity in feedstock inside the mold cavity, the ultrasonic contact duration during which the part and mold are in contact, and holding pressure can be used to assist with optimization of injection and cooling parameters to minimize energy consumption and maximize process efficiency.Real-time diagnostics of ceramic powder injection molding using a commercial micromolding machine was performed using ultrasound. Miniature ultrasonic sensors were integrated onto the mold insert. Melt front, solidification, temperature variation and part detachment of the feedstock inside the mold cavity were observed. It has been demonstrated that ultrasonic velocity in feedstock inside the mold cavity, the ultrasonic contact duration during which the part and mold are in contact, and holding pressure can be used to assist with optimization of injection and cooling parameters to minimize energy consumption and maximize process efficiency.

The production of municipal solid waste has continued to grow in recent years. In Italy, municipal solid waste production reaches about 29 million tons per year. The organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), which accounts for 30-40% of the total waste, usually undergoes biological treatments such as anaerobic digestion or composting, or is incinerated or landfilled. Biological treatments are considered not economically viable due to the long processing time (20-30 days), while incineration and landfilling are considered as low cost but polluting processes. In contrast, Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) is a cost-effective process to treat organic waste especially for the shorter processing time (0.5-8 h) and the possibility to treat directly wet heterogeneous materials. This thesis aims to investigate the potential use of HTC to upgrade OFMSW and other biomasses to biofuels or valuable byproducts. Chapter 1 gives an overview on the state of the art of HTC technology applied to organic wastes, focusing both on mechanisms and on the characteristics of reaction products. Chapter 2 investigates the potential use of HTC to upgrade the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) into biofuel and byproducts. The impact of process conditions (process time, temperature and solid load) on the formation, chemical and energy properties of hydrochar was deeply investigated. To analyze the behavior of hydrochar as a solid biofuel, the combustion (oxidation) of hydrochar and the co-firing (co-oxidation) of hydrochars and coals was also investigated. The results show that, especially at HTC harsher conditions, hydrochar is a “coal-like” material, that can be used as a valuable solid biofuel. The results evidenced that hydrochar is composed of primary char and secondary char. Primary char (non-extractable with organic solvents) has characteristics similar to coal and could be recovered for combustion, while secondary char is an amorphous and more volatile solid, easily extracted with organic solvents, which found possible application as a source of biochemicals and liquid bio-fuel. Chapter 3 investigates the use of HTC as a promising pre-treatment to enhance the biomethane potential during anaerobic digestion of OFMSW. Anaerobic digestion experiments were carried out using the HTC process liquid and the entire HTC reaction mixtures. Results proved that, when compared to the raw OFMSW, the use of HTC liquid and HTC mixture into AD lead to an increase of biomethane production of up to 37% and 363% by volume, respectively. Chapter 4 reports an HTC kinetics study and a kinetic model, which accounted for reactions leading to the production of primary and secondary char, as well as the liquid and gas phases. The model was optimized using experimental data performed on a lignocellulosic feedstock (olive trimmings) and validated on two other types of biomasses (grape marc and Opuntia Ficus Indica) and was used as a reliable tool to predict the carbon distribution among HTC products. In this chapter an in-depth analysis was also carried out to understand the evolution of feedstock characteristics during the heat-up transient phase before reaching the HTC set-point temperature. The results show that during heat up, the feedstock carbonized to a considerable extent at 220-250 °C. Tests clearly show evidence of the transition between thermal hydrolysis and HTC. Chapter 5 presents a study conducted to evaluate the economic feasibility and the detailed energy and cost analyses of a hypothetical HTC plant transforming wet biomass into pelletized dry hydrochar. To achieve these goals, a model was developed on the basis of experimental results obtained previously on two other organic materials (grape marc and off-specification compost). The results show that, when operating the HTC plant with grape marc at the optimal HTC conditions (T=220 °C, t=1 h, dry biomass to water ratio=0.19), the production cost of hydrochar were determined to be 157 €/ton, competitive with the price of wood pellets (150-200 €/ton). This makes HTC a promising process for a large development at the industrial scale.

No description available.

The diploma thesis is oriented on increase in efficiency of work processes in an organisation. Based on the analysis of present situation, it proposes measures to improve the performance and effectiveness of the work. The theoretical part contains findings from the field of management and corporate structure. The practical part analyses the present situation and proposes solutions that will lead to increase of the efficiency in work processes and improve the economic situation of an organisation.

Abstract The management and handling of organic waste in primarily low-income developing cities, due to high urbanization has become a global problem. The main form of waste handling in these cities are landfilling, due to it being the cheapest and easiest option. Not only are nutrients wasted, but landfills of mixed waste create strong emission of greenhouse gasses and a leachate that affects groundwater quality. This major problem in addition to a higher demand for food due to the increase of the world population leaves us two problems to solve; to handle waste and produce food. The Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) and its larvae can solve both of these problems in one. The organic waste is fed to the fly larvae and the larvae produce biomass (larval weight) and a residue similar to un-mature compost. The larvae can then be fed live to animals or made into pellets to feed animals such as fish, and the residue can be used as fertilizer. However, in order for the larvae to be able to be extruded into pellets or fed live to ex. hens, an optimal protein and fat content of the larvae is needed. A higher protein and lower fat content of the larvae is optimal for both pellet production and to feed to animals. It has previously been found that an inclusion of mussels can lower the fat content and increase the protein content of the larvae. In this article, different amounts of mussels are included in the larvae diet apart from bread and cabbage to see if it has an effect on the compost process efficiency. The experiment is done by larvae being added to different ratios of bread: cabbage: mussels. The larvae are then harvested and process efficiency parameters; BCE (biomass conversion efficiency), survival percentage, material reduction and respiration are calculated. It was found that mussel inclusion was equivalent to a higher feeding load per larva. The BCE of the treatment with a higher feeding load and the treatment with the highest mussel inclusion were the same, meaning that mussel inclusion is equivalent to a diet with high amounts of carbohydrates. Mussel inclusion in the larva diet seems to be beneficial from a BCE standpoint and suits as a substrate as pH and survival was not negatively affected by the mussels.

Atlas Copco is a global Swedish industrial company that develops and manufactures handheld electric and air powered tools. Their customers can be found in the automotive and aerospace industries, industrial manufacturing and maintenance, as well as in vehicle service and maintenance. This bachelor's degree project examines the ability to increase the process efficiency of the company's factory in Tierp by expanding the ability to perform further testing of the tools that show deviations at the final test. Today, extensive testing of all assembled power tools is carried out in the factory before they are sent to the customer. When a deviation is detected, the tool is repaired by replacing components in a certain order. By expanding the troubleshooting methodology, the repair process can be shortened. Based on a comprehensive database a statistical analysis has been performed which shows that approximately 47% of the tools that are unable to meet quality standards have the same error code. Over 37% of these devices are repaired by replacing the main board of the tool. This study indicates that in many cases it is not the main board which is the cause, but errors in the assembly. Using root cause analysis, structured interviews, surveys, developed test protocols and test platforms, a number of factors have been identified that can contribute to increased process quality. The thesis proposes the introduction of an expanded test platform that can help repair technicians in their work. It also suggests a number of constructional changes in the tools that prevents incorrect assembles. / Atlas Copco är ett globalt svenskt industriföretag som bland annat utvecklar och tillverkar handhållna el- och tryckluftsdrivna verktyg för kunder inom fordons- och flygindustrierna, industriell tillverkning och underhåll, samt inom fordonsservice. Detta kandidatexamensarbete undersöker möjligheten att öka processeffektiviteten i företagets fabrik i Tierp genom att utöka möjligheterna att utföra ytterligare test av de verktyg som visar avvikelser vid sluttest. I fabriken genomförs idag omfattande tester av alla monterade elverktyg innan de skickas till kund. När en avvikelse upptäcks repareras verktyget genom att komponenter byts ut i en viss ordning. Genom att utöka möjligheterna till felsökning kan reparationsprocessen kortas ner. Utifrån en omfattande databas har en statistik sammanställning utförts som visar att cirka 47% av de verktyg som inte klarar sluttestet uppvisar samma felkod. Över 37% av dessa enheter repareras genom att byta verktygets huvudkort. Denna studie ger indikationer på att det i många fall inte är huvudkortet som är problemet utan felaktigheter i monteringen. Med hjälp av rotorsaksanalys, strukturerade intervjuer, enkäter och utveckling av testprotokoll samt en teststation har ett antal faktorer kunnat identifieras vilka kan bidra till en ökad processkvalitet. Undersökningen föreslår införande av en utökad testplattform som kan hjälpa reparatörerna i sitt arbete. Den föreslår även ett antal konstruktionsändringar i verktygen som omöjliggör en felaktig montering.

No description available.

Submitted by Patrícia Valim Labres de Freitas (patricial) on 2016-03-18T15:56:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Diego Damasio de Lima_.pdf: 5804550 bytes, checksum: da0c9850e6394427315ec0b6f28097c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-18T15:56:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diego Damasio de Lima_.pdf: 5804550 bytes, checksum: da0c9850e6394427315ec0b6f28097c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-21 / Nenhuma / A atividade de manutenção, seja de equipamentos ou de instalações, é uma função rotineira na maioria das grandes empresas. Entretanto, com o crescimento da automação e da mecanização, aspectos como a confiabilidade e a disponibilidade tornaram-se pontos–chave em termos de competitividade. Isso se dá pelo fato da eventual paralisação das operações ter um impacto nos custos, na qualidade e na confiabilidade dos produtos e serviços. Além de que, o advento da cobrança cada vez maior por qualidade na execução dos serviços, em geral, e do transporte público, em particular. Da mesma forma, essa busca por competitividade precede uma busca incessante por melhores índices de eficiência, seja na empresa pública ou na privada. Este estudo, em particular, tem como objetivo propor um modelo de identificação dos Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) do sistema de gestão da manutenção da empresa de Trens Urbanos de Porto Alegre S.A. (Trensurb), a fim de reduzir o impacto da atuação da atividade de manutenção no desempenho do negócio da empresa. Ainda na esfera dos objetivos, essa pesquisa construí a estrutura Sistêmica que reflete o modelo do sistema de Gestão da Manutenção da Trensurb, possibilitando a compreensão de que forma as variáveis envolvidas nesse contexto se interelacionam a partir do Pensamento Sistêmico. Ainda construir arquétipos que reflitam a realidade do modus operandi do sistema de gestão da manutenção da Trensurb. E por fim, analisa a estrutura construída de modo a identificar os FCS - Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) do sistema de gestão da manutenção por meio do Pensamento Sistêmico. Identificamos como por meio do Pensamento Sistêmico (PS) que esse modelo serve como uma alternativa aos modelos usuais de análise da gestão da manutenção. Com a utilização de métodos qualitativos, levanta-se uma série de relações entre as inúmeras variáveis existentes na atuação do sistema de gestão da manutenção. Como resultados foi possível identificar que a área de atuação da equipe de manutenção terceirizada, o modelo de mix de contratação da manutenção própria x terceirizada, a disponibilidade Operacional, e o MKBF - Mean Kilometer Between Failures, correspondem aos Fatores Críticos de Sucesso do sistema de gestão da manutenção da Trensurb. Além disso, foi possível a contrução da tríade da sustentabilidade da manutenção. Sendo conduzido seguindo os preceitos de um Estudo de Caso, a pesquisa evolui no campo de estudo dos fatores críticos de sucesso, não se limitando a apresentar somente uma abordagem pontual, mas evolui através proposição de uma metodologia de levantamento dos Fatores Críticos De Sucesso com o uso do Pensamento Sistêmico. / The maintenance activity is equipment and facilities, is a routine function in most large companies. However, with the growth of automation and mechanization, aspects such as reliability and availability have become key points in terms of competitiveness. This is partly because of the possible shutdown of operations have an impact on costs, the quality and reliability of products and services. Apart from that, the advent of increasingly charging for quality in the execution of services in general and public transport in particular. Similarly, this search for competitiveness precedes a constant search for better levels of efficiency, whether in public or private company. This study, in particular, aims to propose an identification model of the Critical Success Factors (CSF) of the company's maintenance management system Urban Train of Porto Alegre SA (Trensurb) in order to reduce the impact of the performance of maintenance activity on the company's business performance. Even in the sphere of goals, this research built the systemic structure that reflects the model management system Maintenance of Trensurb, allowing us to understand how the variables involved in this context interrelate from Systems Thinking. Still build archetypes that reflect the reality of the modus operandi of the maintenance management of Trensurb system. Finally, it analyzes the structure constructed to identify the FCS - Critical Success Factors (CSF) maintenance management system through Systems Thinking. As identified through the Systems Thinking (PS) that this model serves as an alternative to the usual models of analysis of maintenance management. With the use of qualitative methods, raises a series of relationships between the numerous variables in the performance of maintenance management system. As a result it was possible to identify the area of operation of outsourced maintenance staff, the hiring mix model's own x outsourced maintenance, operational availability, and MKBF - Mean Kilometer Between Failures, correspond to system Success Factors Critical maintenance management of Trensurb. Furthermore, the construction of sustainable maintenance Triad was possible. Being conducted following the precepts of a case study, the research progresses on the critical success factors field of study, not limited to display only a specific approach, but evolves through proposal of a survey methodology for Critical Success Factors with use of Systems Thinking

This dissertation deals with identification, classification and efficiency assessment in general and is later on applied to Wüstenrot - Building and Loan Association, a.s. Process is the core unit of the procedural type of Organization Management. Therefore, the Building and Loan Asociation defines the key processes and proceeds to the process mapping at the selected detail level. In the first place, this concerns the corporational detail level. Secondly, processes of Customer Satisfication are elaborated. These processes make a synergic effect and cause most valuable benefits providing the fact they are controlled. This means the Corporation Management has to reflect to the outcomes of the Process Efficiency Assessment. Every single process is described from the current situation point of view. Subsequently, proposals are made to improve its efficiency assessment.