The purpose of this study was to examine the role of grit and intrinsic motivation regarding students' propensity to procrastinate. Three specific research questions were constructed: "How much of the variance in participants' procrastination is explained solely by their degree of grit?" "Does the degree of intrisic motivation contribute with additional explanatory information for the regression between grit and procrastination?" "Is intrisic motivation a mediator for the regression between grit and procrastination?" To test this, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was constructed. To collect data an electronic questionnaire was constructed. The sample consisted of 271 students who all studied at Karlstad University. The data was collected through the learning platform itslearning. Grit was measured with Swedish-Grit Scale. Intrinsic motivation was measured with a modified version of Task Evaluation Questionnaire and the students' propensity to procrastinate was measured with Pure Procrastination Scale. Grit and intrinsic motivation constituted the independent variables and the students' propensity to procrastinate was the dependent variable. The results showed that both the grit and intrinsic motivation significantly contributed with explained variance in the students' propensity to procrastinate. The strongest predictor variable was grit. The results also showed that intrinsic motivation was not a mediator for the regression between grit and procrastination. The conclusion is that grit should play a greater part in the Swedish school system. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka betydelsen av grit och inre motivation för studenters benägenhet att prokrastinera. Tre konkreta frågeställningar konstruerades: ”Hur stor del av variansen inom deltagarnas prokrastinering förklaras ensamt av deras grad grit?”, ”Bidrar inre motivation med ytterligare förklarande information för regressionen mellan grit och prokrastinering?” och “Är inre motivation en mediator för regressionen mellan grit och prokrastinering?” För att testa detta genomfördes en hierarkisk multipel regressionsanalys. För att samla in data konturerades en elektronisk enkät. Stickprovet bestod av 271 studenter som alla studerade på Karlstads universitet. Datainsamlingen gjordes via lärplattformen itslearning. Grit mättes med Swedish-Grit Scale. Inre motivation mättes genom en modifierad version av Task Evaluation Questionnaire Prokrastinering mättes med hjälp av Pure Procrastination Scale. Grit och inre motivation utgjorde oberoende variabler och studenternas prokrastineringsbeteende utgjorde den beroende variabel. Resultatet visade att både grit och inre motivation signifikant bidrog med förklarad varians inom studenternas prokrastineringsbeteenden. Den starkaste prediktorvariablen var grit. Resultatet visade också att inre motivation inte var en mediator för regressionen mellan grit och prokrastinering. Slutsatsen av arbetet är att grit borde spela en större del i det svenska skolväsendet.

The thesis presents a formal model of intertemporal decision problem of working on a task for distant reward which depends on the number of periods the subject actually spends working, where the subject faces varying opportunity costs of working each period before the deadline. Three psychologically plausible causes of procrastination are incorporated into the model as transformations of the decision problem. In order to assess a hypothesis that procrastination is an evolved and stable habit, the third transformation renders the model dynamic in that past decisions and circumstances affect the present. The model is first explored via qualitative analysis and simulations are performed to further reveal its functionality.

The Study Anxiety Inventory (SAI), consisting of the factors of worry and emotionality, was developed to measure college students' self-reported levels of anxiety while studying for an exam. Data from 2002 undergraduate students from four colleges (Arts and Sciences, Engineering, Business, and Education) at a southeastern state university were used to evaluate the validity of the scores from the 16-item Study Anxiety Inventory. Results of confirmatory factor analyses for the two factor model, conducted separately for each college, indicated marginally acceptable fit for the data (median fit measures across the four colleges: CFI =.915, SRMR=.049, RMSEA=.098), a pattern that was repeated for both males and females. Multigroup CFA was used to evaluate the factorial invariance of the SAI across gender within each college. Factor loadings (i.e., pattern coefficients) for the SAI items were not found to be significantly different between males and females (p > .05). Error variances for four items were found to be significantly different between males and females, indicating that there may be some difference in scale reliability by gender. Factor covariances were invariant for all four colleges (p > .05) and factor variances were invariant for all but the worry component for the College of Arts and Sciences where females had significantly greater variability on the worry factor. As was hypothesized, the SAI scores were positively correlated with scores on measures of test anxiety (median r=.74), trait anxiety (median r=.46), active procrastination (median r=.23), and passive procrastination (median r=.29), but negatively correlated with trait curiosity (median r=-.19). Contrary to what was hypothesized, no relationship was demonstrated between study anxiety and study skills and habits (median r=-.03). The nomological network was extended in this study by examining relationships between scores obtained from students on the SAI and measures of active and passive procrastination. This is the first study that systematically examines the factorial invariance of the SAI by gender, which is important because previous research using the SAI has shown men's scores to be consistently lower than women's scores. The results obtained in the current study provide support for gender invariance in a nonclinical population in the situation specific level of anxiety while studying. There is sufficient evidence of validity and reliability (median Cronbach alphas for males and females for the total score were .978 and .980, for worry were .968 and .973, and for emotionality were .947 and .951, respectively) that a researcher should feel confident that the SAI is a psychometrically sound research tool that holds up fairly well across a number of different types of students and that making mean comparisons on the SAI by gender is acceptable.

Meeting deadlines is an important aspect of every employee’s role within an organization because the ability to meet deadlines is one of the key performance areas that employees are measured against during their performance reviews. This study will focus on those factors that contribute to employees meeting or missing their business deadlines. The factors discussed in this study are employee loyalty, job satisfaction, employee satisfaction and confidence. South Africa is a controlled-time culture, and adherence to schedules is important and expected. In South Africa, missing a deadline is a sign of inefficiency and poor management and can have an impact on people’s confidence. Successful management will depend on the ability of individuals in the team, being able to meet deadlines. In this study, the target population consisted of fifty employees, in various positions, based in the city of Durban. The questionnaires were distributed via email and some were self-administered. The quantitative method was used to gather and analyse the data. The findings of this study reveal that employee satisfaction, job satisfaction, employee loyalty and confidence all contribute towards employees meeting business deadlines. Robbins (2009) states that numerous studies have shown that satisfied employees are highly motivated, have high morale at work and work more effectively and efficiently. These employees are also more committed to continuous improvement and to quality. The recommendation will be that managers or employers must schedule dates by which specific tasks or projects must be completed and they should keep to the schedule to avoid procrastination. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2011.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-09-01T16:54:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 André Tonin Ferrari.pdf: 1426729 bytes, checksum: e1d8ae95c5a67d05a964335a9463dec0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-01T16:54:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 André Tonin Ferrari.pdf: 1426729 bytes, checksum: e1d8ae95c5a67d05a964335a9463dec0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-22 / Studies have been conducted on the delay discouting, which seek to demonstrate the existence of factors that influence financial decision making considering an aversive scenario. Some of these factors with impulsive behavior and the procrastinator behavior, can be critical for the individual to accept or not to devalue certain value. This study analyzed the impulsive behavior and procrastinator that may influence financial decision making. Through a quantitative research approach, data were collected through a survey tool to obtain 410 questionnaires response. The results of this research confirm the influence of procrastination in making the individual financial decision. It concludes that the procrastinator behavior affects decision making, leading the individual to not devalue the delay. But it was found that impulsive behavior was not observed in this study as a component that can impact the financial decision of the individual aversive scenarios. / Estudos tem sido realizados sobre a desvalorização por atraso que buscam demonstrar a existência de fatores que influenciam a tomada de decisão financeira considerando um cenário aversivo. Alguns destes fatores como o comportamento impulsivo e o comportamento procrastinador, podem ser fundamentais para que o indivíduo aceite ou não desvalorizar determinado valor. Este estudo analisou os comportamentos impulsivo e procrastinador que podem influenciar na tomada de decisão financeira. Através de uma abordagem de investigação quantitativa, os dados foram coletados por meio de um instrumento de pesquisa com obtenção da resposta de 410 questionários. Os resultados obtidos por esta pesquisa confirmam a influência da procrastinação no processo de tomada da decisão financeira individual. Conclui-se que o comportamento procrastinador afeta a tomada de decisão, conduzindo o indivíduo a não desvalorizar o atraso. Porém constatou-se que o comportamento impulsivo não ficou evidenciado neste estudo como componente que possa impactar na decisão financeira do indivíduo em cenários aversivos

Prokrastinering är en komplex process där både affektiva, kognitiva och beteendemässiga komponenter involveras. Prokrastinering är ett känt fenomen i arbetslivet.  Prevalensen är hög bland anställda, därför har fokus på fenomenet legat på just den populationen. Syfte är undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan prokrastinering och personlighetsfaktorer, samt prokrastinering och arbetstillfredsställelse hos anställda i Sverige. Deltagare var 98 anställda.  Deltagarna besvarade en enkät som bestod av Big Five Markers (BFM) skala, Pure procrastination scale (PPS) skala samt Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). Materialet analyserades med hjälp av Pearsson korrelationer och regressionsanalyser. Studien visade på att Neuroticism och Samvetsgrannhet har samband med prokrastinering, däremot Extraversion, Vänlighet samt Öppenhet inte hade något samband med prokrastinering. Arbetstillfredsställelse, kön och ålder visade ingen samband med prokrastinering. Slutsatsen är att bristen på självdisciplin leder till prokrastinering vilket orsakar stress och depression. Framtida forskning skulle vara intressant att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan prokrastinering, bransch samt yrkeskategori.

The topic of this thesis is procrastination. Procrastination is "the illogical, but deliberate delaying of planned action, which is accompanied by a commitment to alternative activities." (Sliviaková 2010, p. 3). Occasional procrastination however mostly harmless is only a small step from procrastination chronic. Chronic procrastination already points at undesirable situation, the malfunction of a healthy lifestyle and self-control. That view is the starting point for the research work of the problem, which investigates the symptoms of procrastination among primary and secondary school pupils. Procrastination is usually being considered in relation to adults' behaviour. The question asked is whether it is relevant to consider procrastination also in relation to children at primary school. In the theoretical part, we therefore first gathered and compiled the available data about the topic from various Czech and foreign sources, mainly to define with necessary precision the object of the study (procrastination) and learned the wider context of the issue (time management, self- management). The survey is based on interviews with six parents and thirty pupils from 1st to 5th grade. The method of research used with pupils was author a story that allowed them to identify themselves with a certain type of...

Orientador: Evely Boruchovitch / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T14:27:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ganda_DanielleRibeiro_M.pdf: 1218693 bytes, checksum: 6519bcbbd5c5cfc9772842e167c7faaf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Estudiosos da Psicologia e da Educação defendem que a meta da educação nos dias de hoje deve ser desenvolver nos estudantes a capacidade de serem autorregulados A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar dois aspectos da autorregulação que são as atribuições de causalidade e o uso de estratégias autoprejudicadoras de 164 alunos, de ambos os sexos, de idades entre 18 e 48 anos, matriculados no 2º e 4º anos do curso de Pedagogia de universidades públicas brasileiras. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se quatro instrumentos: dois compostos por questões abertas e duas escalas do tipo Likert, que versavam sobre o uso de estratégias autoprejudiciais em contexto acadêmico e sobre as atribuições causais dos alunos, as dimensões que se enquadram e as emoções a elas relacionadas. Os dados objetivos foram analisados de acordo com os procedimentos da estatística descritiva e inferencial e as questões abertas foram avaliadas por meio da análise de conteúdo e do levantamento de freqüência das respostas nas categorias. Os resultados mostraram que os alunos relataram utilizar diversas estratégias autoprejudicadoras no contexto acadêmico, principalmente a procrastinação e não fazer a leitura de textos teóricos. No que concernem às atribuições causais, os estudantes afirmaram que o sucesso é desencadeado predominantemente pelo esforço, o que suscita sentimentos de satisfação e felicidade. Já as causas mais citadas para o fracasso foram a desmotivação e a falta de esforço e os sentimentos a elas associadas foram frustração, culpa e tristeza. Observou-se também que os participantes que relataram maior frequência no uso de estratégias autoprejudicadoras foram aqueles que atribuíram causas internas ao fracasso e causas externas ao sucesso. Os resultados são discutidos em termos da importância de se investigar as crenças e comportamentos relacionados ao desempenho acadêmico de alunos universitários, especialmente os dos cursos de formação de professores. / Abstract: Scholars of Psychology and Education advocate that the goal of present education should be to develop whitin the students the ability to be self-regulated. The present research aimed to investigate two aspects of self-regulation, which are causal attributions and the use of self-handicapping strategies of 164 students of both genders, 18 to 48 years old, enrolled in the second and fourth- year of Pedagogy course at Brazilian public universities. To collect data were used four instruments: two of them consisting of two discursive questions and two Likert scales. These were related to the use of self-handicapping strategies in the academic context, the causal attributions of students, the attributional dimensions and the emotions related to them. The objective results were analyzed according to the procedures of descriptive and inferential statistics. The discursive data were evaluated using content analysis and counting the frequency of responses in categories. The results indicated that students reported using of several self-handicapping strategies in the academic context, primarily the procrastination and the not-reading of theoretical texts. Regarding to causal attributions, the students declared that success is predominantly triggered by effort, raising feelings of satisfaction and happiness. The causes most mentioned for failure were lack of motivation and lack of effort. The feelings associated with them were frustration, guilt and sadness. It was observed that participants who reported a frequent use of self-handicapping strategies were those who attributed failure to internal causes and success to external causes. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of investigating the beliefs and behaviors related to academic performance of college students, especially those in the teachers training courses. / Mestrado / Psicologia Educacional / Mestre em Educação

This thesis describes the paradigm of complex systems and discusses possibilities of their modeling and simulations. The work shows the suitability of using multi-agent modeling for creating abstraction of social environment, that is one of the major complex systems. Thesis content includes an analysis of tools that are available for creating multi-agent simulators. The core of this thesis are processed research documents and a demonstrative model of social phenomenon known as procrastination.

El presente estudio es transversal con diseño correlacional (Hernández-Sampieri & Mendoza, 2018), su objetivo es relacionar procrastinación y autoeficacia en el contexto académico; Participaron 178 universitarios a los que se les administró la Escala de Procrastinación Académica (EPA, Dominguez, Villegas & Centeno, 2014) y la escala de Autoeficacia Percibida para Situaciones Académicas (EAPESA, Dominguez, Villegas, Yauri, Mattos & Ramírez, 2012). Se encontró que las variables presentan correlación, la dimensión Autorregulación académica correlaciona positivamente con Autoeficacia académica (.39); asimismo, la dimensión Postergación de actividades correlaciona negativamente con Autoeficacia (-.23). Se halló también, que existen diferencias en las dos variables al comparar los tres grupos de alumnos por ciclos, los alumnos de ciclos intermedios presentan mayores niveles de postergación de actividades que los que inician estudios y que los que culminan los estudios, asimismo se encuentran diferencias por género; las mujeres presentan mayores niveles de autorregulación académica. / This research is cross-sectional study with correlational design (Hernández-Sampieri & Mendoza, 2018). The objective is to relate procrastination and self-efficacy in the academic context; 178 university students participated and were administered the Academic Procrastination Scale (EPA, Dominguez, Villegas & Centeno, 2014) and the Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale for Academic Situations (EAPESA, Dominguez, Villegas, Yauri, Mattos & Ramírez, 2012). It was found that the variables are correlated, the academic self-regulation correlates positively with academic self-efficacy (.39); specifically, the postponement of activities dimension negatively correlates with self-efficacy (-.23) It was also found that there are differences in the two variables when comparing the three groups of students by semesters, the students of intermediate semesters present higher levels of postponement of activities than those who star studies and those how finish studies, also it was found there are differences between gender; women have higher levels of academic self-regulation. / Tesis