Dentro del marco teórico didáctico existen varias investigaciones sobre cómo se debe corregir al alumnado que estudia lenguas extranjeras, pero la mayoría de las investigaciones faltan la perspectiva del alumnado, es decir, el recipiente de la corrección. Por eso, el propósito de la presente investigación ha sido investigar las opiniones de aprendices en las clases de ELE en Suecia en cuanto a la corrección de su producción oral. La investigación se ha desempeñado por un método cuantitativo, por dos encuestas, dirigidas al alumnado del bachillerato al igual que al profesorado de estas clases. Las encuestas contienen las mismas preguntas, pero el enfoque de ambos está en el punto de vista de los aprendices, con el fin de poder comparar las respuestas. Las preguntas tratan de cómo evalúan su propio español, qué método de corrección prefieren, por qué prefieren un método a otro y si sus profesores usan su método preferido. Además, se ha usado Fisher’s exact test con el objetivo de ver si existe alguna correlación entre las variables motivación o competencia y la preferencia por alguna metodología de corrección. El resultado ha revelado que el método más preferido del alumnado es “Las claves metalingüísticas”, es decir, un método en el cual el profesorado da claves metalingüísticas a los estudiantes, para ayudarles a corregirse (Loewen,2007) y la razón más importante por la cual prefiere un método a otro es que quiere saber por qué lo que ha dicho está malo, no sólo que está malo. Las opiniones del alumnado y del profesorado no coinciden en cuanto a qué método prefiere el alumnado, no obstante, sí coinciden en la razón por la cual se prefiere una metodología de corrección a otra. Además, ambos el alumnadoy el profesorado piensan que el profesorado usa el método preferido del alumnado casi siempre. La prueba Fisher’s exact test ha develado que no existe ninguna correlación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables motivación o competencia y la preferencia por algún método de corrección. / Within the didactic theoretical framework there are several investigations on how students who study foreign languages should be corrected, but most investigations lack the perspective of the students, in other words, the recipient of the correction. Therefore, the aim of this study has been investigating the opinions of students regarding the correction of oral errors that the students produce in the classes of SSL (Spanish as a foreign language) in Sweden. The study has been carried out through a quantitative method, through two surveys, addressed to students in high school as well as the teachers of these classes. The surveys contain the same questions, however, the focus of both is on the point of view of the students, in order to be able to compare the answers.The questions involve how the students evaluate their own Spanish, which correction method they prefer, why they prefer a method over another and if their teachers use their preferred method. Furthermore, Fisher's exact test has been used to see if there exists any correlation between the variables motivation or competence and the preference for any of the correction methods. The result has revealed that the most preferred method is “Las claves metalingüísticas”, a method in which teachers give metalinguistic clues to students, to help them correct themselves (Loewen, 2007) and that the most important reason regarding why the students prefer a method is that they want to know why what they have said is incorrect, not only that it is incorrect. The opinions of the students and the teachers do not coincide regarding the method preferred by the students, however, they do regarding the reason why they prefer a method over another. Furthermore, both students and teachers think that the teachers use the student´s preferred method almost always. Fisher’s exact test has revealed that there does not exist any correlation between the variables motivation or competence and the preference for any of the correction methods.

This essay was implemented with the aim of investigating the different factors that could affect Swedish students in their Spanish studies. More specifically, the study aimed to investigate to what degree certain factors affect the students in terms of oral comunication. For this reason, the essay presents a result regarding oral production, listening comprehension as well as oral interaction. Furthermore, the study aspired to investigate the correlation between time spent in countries where Spanish is the official language and oral communication competence, if there exits such a correlation and if so, to what extent. The method that was used for the investigation was a cuantitative one along with a statistical analysis with approximately 190 participants. Through this method the investigation reached a result which shows the different perceptions of the professors teaching Spanish as a foreign language as well as their students regarding the importance of each factor that affects the students’ oral production. The investigation also proved that there in fact exits a great correlation between the time spent in a Spanish speaking country and oral communication competence, since the students’ perceptions showed that the longer the students spend in a Spanish speaking country, the more their competence increases.

At secondary school in Sweden, pupils can choose to study three different foreign languages, which are Spanish, French and German, but many pupils drop out because they don’t find it interesting because of its difficulty in learning new words and new grammatical rules (Svenska Dagbladet 2013). The reason of this can be the lack of motivation or the difficulty in learning a new language without finding it interesting. The MCER is necessary to intensify the teaching and learning of foreign languages in the EU. That would make Sweden much more efficient when it comes to communicate with other EU countries. What can teachers do to keep their students motivated? According to WTC theory (Willingness to communicate) it shows that a student improves his or her oral production when they learn something they are interested in, making them want to participate in class (Dörnyei, Clément and Noels, 1998). A study from Kormos and Dörnyei (2004) shows that there is a correlation between the interest of studying the language and the total number of turns and arguments the students can produce. On the basis of this study, the purpose of our study is to examine how the pupils´ oral production, i.e the number of words produced by each student, is affected by the use of fantasy in class and to study what methods the pupils prefer. We have chosen to make a didactic proposal by changing and using a fantasy theme related to the world of zombis. This work has been limited to study the amount of words produced by the students; other qualitative aspects such as correction have not been taken into account. First, a chapter of the ordinary text book was used in class and then the chapter from our didactic proposal was used. There were questionnaires about the used method for the pupils to fill after each chapter. They were also given an oral test after each chapter to see if their oral production had increased. The T-test was applied to make the comparison. The results were as follows: the pupils preferred working with the zombie fantasy chapter and the pupils increased the number of words produced in the speaking test.

Este estudio presenta los resultados de una investigación que examina el tipo de influencia interlingüística (IIL) presente en la producción oral de la L3 español de estudiantes universitarios brasileños que tienen la L2 inglés. El estudio se basa en dos preguntas de investigación: la primera pregunta (PI 1) trata el tema de la activación de las lenguas previas (L1 vs. L2). La segunda pregunta (PI 2) aborda el efecto de los factores externos al aprendiz (proficiencia en la lengua meta, proficiencia percibida, experiencia con el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras y estancia en un país hispanohablante) en la cantidad y el tipo de IIL. Las muestras de producción oral se han elicitado a través de una narrativa. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron tanto cualitativa como cuantitativamente. Los resultados sugieren que la lengua fuente de IIL fue la lengua tipológicamente más cercana, la L1 portugués. Asimismo, la cantidad de IIL disminuye a medida que aumenta el nivel de proficiencia. De la misma forma, los participantes con experiencia previa con el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras y con estancia(s) en un país hispanohablante, muestran menos IIL que participantes sin estas experiencias. Con respecto al tipo de IIL, se observó la tendencia general de una disminución en la cantidad de IIL de la forma mientras que la IIL del significado se manifiesta en mayor medida conforme aumenta la proficiencia en la L3 español. / This paper reports the findings of a study that examined the type of cross-linguistic influence (CLI) present in the oral speech production of Brazilian university students of L3 Spanish with L2 English. The study was guided by two research questions: the first asked which background language (L1 vs. L2) would be activated as source of CLI. The second addressed the effect of the proficiency factor and self-perceived proficiency as well as learner external factors such as prior foreign language learning experience and stays abroad in a Spanish speaking country on the amount and type of CLI. The speech production samples were elicited by means of a picture story telling task. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results suggest that the amount of CLI decreases with increasing proficiency. At the same time, learners with prior foreign language experience and / or with stays in Spanish.speaking countries tend to transfer less than learners without these experiences. With respect to the type of CLI, the overall trend shows a decrease of form-based CLI as the proficiency level in the target language increases. Regarding the meaning-based CLI, the results suggest an increase in occurrence as proficiency increases.

El presente estudio investiga la influencia interlingüística a nivel léxico en la producción oral de jóvenes suecos de ELH, hablantes de la variedad chilena. Dos preguntas de investigación guían este trabajo. La primera pregunta examina el origen de las lenguas fuentes de influencias de ILL (Sueco L2 vs Inglés L3). La segunda pregunta se enfoca en los factores que determinan la incidencia de la ILL. Los datos fueron elicitados a través de una tarea narrativa y una entrevista. Asimismo, se utilizó un cuestionario para recabar información sociolingüística de los participantes. Los resultados indican que el sueco L2 fue la lengua fuente de mayor influencia en la ILL, frente al inglés L3 que no tuvo un rol muy importante. Se encontró, además, que la ocurrencia de la ILL vino determinada por varios factores lingüísticos. / This study investigates the ocurrence of interlangual influence in the oral production of young Swedish HL speakers of the Chilean variety of Spanish. The Study is guided by two research questions. The first question inquires into the sources language(s) influences in ILL (Swedish L2 vs. English L3). The second question focuses on the factors that determine the incidence of ILL. The data were elicited by means of a narrative task and an interview. A questionnarie was also used to gather sociolinguistic information from the participants. The results suggest that the Swedish L2 was the main source of influence in ILL against English L3, which did not play an important role. In addition to this, it was found that the occurrence of ILL was determined by various linguistic factor.