The growing South African domestic organic food industry is a new feature of the recent structural shifts in food demand in the country. Consumer demand preferences for organic food impact on agricultural production methods due to the unintended positive consequences of improved soil fertilisation, increased productivity and increased use of indigenous knowledge. Understanding consumer demand for food, specifically organic food, in South Africa is becoming increasingly important as consumers’ attitudes and preferences strongly influence the direction of food retailers’ strategies. This study used a single bound dichotomous choice contingent valuation method (CVM) to analyse the determinants of organic food in SA, specifically organic fruit juice and wine. Data was collected from a CVM questionnaire administered to 550 respondents in a food retail store over 3 days. Findings from this study indicate consumers believe organic food is more nutritious and tastier than conventional food, organic agriculture benefits both small-scale and local farmers and that consumers require a guarantee of the organic origin of organic products. Emphasising these benefits and directly referring to the small-scale and local farmers from whom organic products have been procured in advertisement campaigns may improve retail marketing strategies for organic food. It also highlights that South African policy makers urgently have to finalise the promulgation of the draft legislation on organic standards to provide certainty to local consumers and hence a positive signal to current and prospective investors in the local organic industry. Empirical results from this study show that socio-demographic factors do influence consumer demand and supports the need for disaggregated food demand analysis in South Africa. Socio-demographic factors do influence South African consumers’ decision to purchase organic food and younger age increases the probability of the decision to purchase organic food; whereas being married and being in possession of non-formal training qualifications decreases this probability. Organic consumer awareness and education programmes should therefore be targeted at older, unmarried consumers with high levels of formal education. The domestic market may provide a niche for South African wine producers as this study showed that the majority of respondents interviewed are prepared to pay higher premiums for organic wine. A limitation of this study is that these results may reflect consumers’ demand for wine as a luxury good as no separate analysis and questions were included on consumer demand for wine. Policy makers should support small-scale producers and black vintners in the Western Cape to exploit growing organic wine industry by conducting further research for a organic wine marketing campaign that brands organic wine highlighting procurement from small-scale producers, local farmers and positive contribution to environment, providing extension services to small-scale producers on organic wine production, investing in research and development in organic wine production facilitating mentorship between small-scale farmers and existing organic wine producers and lobbying national department of agriculture to finalise the draft South African organic standard given that South African consumers require guarantee of organic origin. Agents in the private sector may exploit opportunities in the organic wine industry by targeting consumers that are younger and old age of Christian faith, lobby the South African government to finalise the draft organic standard, highlight attitudes that organic wine contribute positively to the environment, local and small-scale farmers in organic wine marketing campaigns and procure more organic wine from small-scale and local organic wine producers. Local and small-scale fruit producers and fruit processors in the Western Cape are well positioned to exploit growth forecasted in the domestic organic fruit juice sector given its global reputation for producing high quality fruit, proven manufacturing capabilities and expertise in fruit juice production. Both younger and older age positively influences willingness to pay for organic fruit juice but younger consumers are willing to pay higher prices than older consumers for organic fruit juice. Consumers that are the head of households, by being in the position of food purchaser, are also willing to pay higher prices for organic fruit juice. Afrikaans speaking consumers, 77 percent belonging to the coloured population group of which 69 percent earn less than an average monthly income of R3500 are less likely to pay higher prices for organic fruit juice due to lower disposal incomes. South African citizens that represent almost 90 percent of the Western Cape population are concerned about environmental issues confirmed by beliefs that organic food contributes to the environment, small-scale and local farmers. This concern is expressed in the higher prices that South African citizens are willing to pay for organic fruit juice. These empirical findings indicate the target consumers that organic fruit juice marketing campaigns should focus on. Specific policy interventions to promote the industry include public investment in research and development in organic production methods, extension service provision on organic production methods to small-scale farmers and development of mentorship programmes between existing small-scale and existing organic producers. Copyright / Dissertation (MInstAgrar)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

Orientador: Celso Kazuyuki Morooka / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T23:45:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_LeandroAugustoGrandin_M.pdf: 2825767 bytes, checksum: 5cbfd5a04926d5bf83c780db67ca3a60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O desenvolvimento de campos marítimos de petróleo e gás natural tem se deslocado para águas cada vez mais profundas, ambientes cada vez mais hostis e áreas cada vez mais remotas. A utilização de soluções convencionais para desenvolver tais campos, especialmente o uso exclusivo de processamento primário em superfície e equipamentos elevação artificial instalados dentro de poços pode não justificar os investimentos. O processamento submarino tem aumentado a atratividade ou até viabilizando a produção de campos marítimos. Visto o aumento em sua utilização, os autores propuseram uma metodologia para selecionar conceitos de plantas submarinas para campos de petróleo e gás natural, utilizando informações disponíveis na literatura e suporte de especialistas em tecnologia submarina e modelagem de produção integrada. Uma menor contrapressão no poço produtor é uma potencial consequência do uso de processamento submarino, podendo tornar o perfil de produção mais atrativo. Como consequência, uma abordagem integrada considerando os estudos necessários para avaliar o escoamento dos fluidos de suas fontes iniciais até os destinos finais é necessária para se propor uma metodologia de seleção. Como alternativa à falta de estudos integrados comparando diferentes soluções de desenvolvimento em campos marítimos, informações de quatro desenvolvimentos comerciais que empregaram processamento submarino foram utilizadas para buscar a validação da metodologia. Os resultados destes estudos de caso sugerem que a metodologia é válida, entretanto não é claro que tais desenvolvimentos de produção utilizariam todas as fases propostas / Abstract: The development of offshore oil and natural gas fields has been moving to deeper waters, harsher environments and more remote areas. The use of conventional solutions to develop such fields, especially sole use of surface processing or downhole artificial lift methods, may not justify the investments. Subsea processing has been increasing the attractiveness or even enabling offshore field developments. Given the increase in its use, the authors proposed a methodology to select concepts of subsea processing plants for oil and natural gas fields, using information available in the literature as well as support from specialists in subsea technology and integrated production modelling. Higher drawdown in producer wells is a potential consequence of the use of subsea processing, therefore it may positively impact the production profile. As a consequence, an integrated approach comprising all the studies necessary to assess the flow between the initial sources and the final destinations is necessary to propose a selection methodology. As an alternative to overcome the lack of integrated studies comparing different development solutions in offshore fields, information from four commercial developments that employed subsea processing was used to seek methodology validation. The results of these four case studies suggest that the methodology is valid, although it is not clear if such production developments would utilize all phases proposed / Mestrado / Explotação / Mestra em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

This research is a case study on the wine producing region of Beaujolais, France. It investigates the potential that organic wine tourism, which promotes the benefits of responsible wine production methods, has to positively rebrand Beaujolais. Indeed, the region has suffered from a bad reputation for the past decades, even though an increasing number of small to medium domains have started producing organic wine. Mixed methods have been used to investigate the extent to which the demand of potential tourists meets the supply of organic wine tourism activities that the previously mentioned domains are able/willing to provide. A questionnaire analysis has revealed that a diverse range of people living in the nearby area are curious about organic wine tourism and would therefore enjoy tasting organic wines at small domains, even though they do not know much about the topic. However, interviews with owners/managers of small organic wine domains have revealed that they currently face too many obstacles to properly answer the demand for organic wine tourism. Furthermore, they identify wine industry professionals as their prefered visitor target, rather than regular tourists such as the ones having answered the questionnaire. As a result, the supply of alternative wine tourism initiatives by small organic domains does not currently live up to the expectations of the customer segment wishing to experience organic wine tourism.

Alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding is of increasing interest and importance because of high oil prices and the need to increase oil production. The benefits of combining alkali with surfactant are well established. The alkali has very important benefits such as lowering interfacial tension and reducing adsorption of anionic surfactants that decrease costs and make ASP a very attractive enhanced oil recovery method provided the consumption is not too large and the alkali can be propagated at the same rate as a synthetic surfactant and polymer. However, the process is complex so it is important that new candidates for ASP be selected taking into account the numerous chemical reactions that occur in the reservoir. The reaction of acid and alkali to generate soap and its subsequent effect on phase behavior is the most crucial for crude oils containing naphthenic acids. Using numerical models, the process can be designed and optimized to ensure the proper propagation of alkali and effective soap and surfactant concentrations to promote low interfacial tension and a favorable salinity gradient. The first step in this investigation was to determine what geochemical reactions have the most impact on ASP flooding under different reservoir conditions and to quantify the consumption of alkali by different mechanisms. We describe the ASP module of UTCHEM simulator with particular attention to phase behavior and the effect of soap on optimum salinity and solubilization ratio. Several phase behavior measurements for a variety of surfactant formulations and crude oils were successfully modeled. The phase behavior results for sodium carbonate, blends of surfactants with an acidic crude oil followed the conventional Winsor phase transition with significant three-phase regions even at low surfactant concentrations. The solubilization data at different oil concentrations were successfully modeled using Hand's rule. Optimum salinity and solubilization ratio were correlated with soap mole fractions using mixing rules. New ASP corefloods were successfully modeled taking into account the aqueous reactions, alkali/rock interactions, and the phase behavior of soap and surfactant. These corefloods were performed in different sandstone cores with several chemical formulations, crude oils with a wide range of acid numbers, brine with a wide range of salinities, and a wide range of temperatures. 2D and 3D sector model ASP simulations were performed based on field data and design parameters obtained from coreflood history matches. The phenomena modeled included aqueous phase chemical reactions of the alkaline agent and consequent consumption of alkali, the in-situ generation of surfactant by reaction with the acid in the crude, surfactant/soap phase behavior, reduction of surfactant adsorption at high pH, cation exchange with clay, and the effect of co-solvent on phase behavior. Sensitivity simulations on chemical design parameters such as mass of surfactant and uncertain reservoir parameters such as kv/kh ratio were performed to provide insight as the importance of each of these variables in chemical oil recovery. Simulations with different permeability realizations provided the range for chemical oil recoveries. This study showed that it is very important to model both surface active components and their effect on phase behavior when doing mechanistic ASP simulations. The reactions between the alkali and the minerals in the formation depend very much on which alkali is used, the minerals in the formation, and the temperature. This research helped us increase our understanding on the process of ASP flooding. In general, these mechanistic simulations gave insights into the propagation of alkali, soap, and surfactant in the core and aid in future coreflood and field scale ASP designs. / text

Methods of utilization waste heat are increasingly on the rise and can be applied in many technologies. One of the technologies is the manufacture of cement, which is focused issue of work. Within the solution, and for understanding the problem is outlined cement production process and the analysis of the waste heat from the process, on this basis are selected a suitable method using waste heat with a closer focus on ORC units. After following evaluation and selection of the most suitable unit is made design, calculation and construction of heat exchangers. The result is the evaluation of the entire proposal.

Die neuen 3D-Entwurfs-, Berechnungs- und Fertigungsverfahren in Kombination mit dem Werkstoff ultrahochfester Beton (UHPC) bieten das Potenzial, den Beton-Leichtbau zu revolutionieren [1]. Die Herausforderung bei der Herstellung von geometrisch komplexen und hochpräzisen UHPC-Bauteilen liegt dabei im Schalungsbau. Da bisher keine verfügbaren abfallfreien und somit nachhaltigen alternativen Schalungsmaterialien bzw. -systeme identifiziert werden konnten, wurde der Forschungsansatz entwickelt, frei geformte Schalungen für Betonbauteile unter Verwendung von CNC-gefrästen recycelbaren Industriewachsen zu verwenden. Die Erforschung dieses Ansatzes hin zu einer anwendbaren Non-Waste-Schalungstechnologie wurde in einem gemeinsamen Forschungsprojekt des Instituts für Werkzeugmaschinen und Fertigungstechnik (IWF) und des Instituts für Tragwerksentwurf (ITE) der TU Braunschweig durchgeführt. Im Folgenden werden die wesentlichen Inhalte des Vorhabens, ausgehend von der Auswahl geeigneter Wachse, über die Untersuchung der Zerspanbarkeit bis hin zur Betonierung und anschließenden Analyse der Schalungen und Abgüsse, vorgestellt und diskutiert. Grundlegende Erkenntnisse wurden u. a. bereits 2016 in [2]–[5] veröffentlicht. Diese werden hier teilweise wiedergegeben und zudem mit zusätzlichen Informationen ergänzt. Die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse aus dem Forschungsvorhaben werden zusammengefasst. Ausführliche Informationen zur Entwicklung der Non-Waste-Wachsschalungstechnologie finden sich in der 2019 veröffentlichten Dissertation von Jeldrik Mainka [6]. / The new 3D design, calculation and manufacturing methods in combination with ultra-high strength concrete (UHPC) off er the potential to revolutionise lightweight concrete construction [1]. The challenge in the production of geometrically complex and high-precision UHPC components lies in formwork construction. As no available waste-free and thus sustainable alternative formwork materials or systems have been identified so far, the research approach was developed to use freely shaped formwork for concrete components using CNC-milled recyclable industrial waxes. The research of this approach towards an applicable non-waste formwork technology was carried out in a joint research project of the Institute for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (IWF) and the Institute of Structural Design (ITE) of the Technical University of Braunschweig. In the following, the main contents of the project, starting with the selection of suitable waxes, the investigation of machinability up to the concreting and subsequent analysis of the formwork and castings are presented and discussed. Basic findings have already been published in 2016 in [2]–[5]. These are partly reproduced here and supplemented with additional information. The main findings of the research project are summarised. Detailed information on the development of non-waste wax formwork technology can be found in the dissertation by Jeldrik Mainka [6], published in 2019.

O objetivo geral da pesquisa é realizar uma abordagem histórica da produção de documentários da TV Cultura de São Paulo entre 1969 e 2004, procurando estabelecer recortes conceituais e eixos temáticos para sua análise. Destacando as particularidades de uma TV Pública cultural e educativa e utilizando-se de fontes diversificadas, os objetivos específicos referem-se às atividades de levantamento e sistematização das obras e das informações disponíveis sobre elas, produzindo e/ou tornando acessíveis documentos, informações e reflexões relevantes para pesquisadores nesse campo. A partir do registro de depoimentos e da análise do acervo, procurou-se valorizar a trajetória dos profissionais que trabalharam na emissora e suas relações com a história do Documentário Paulista (e Brasileiro) no período enfocado. / The general purpose of this research is to undertake a historical approach of the documentary production of TV Cultura de São Paulo between 1969 and 2004, trying to establish conceptual clippings and thematic axis for its analysis. From testimonies records and collection analysis, evaluation of the path of professionals who worked for the TV broadcaster and their relationship with the São Paulo (and Brazilian) Documentary history during that period was pursued. Highlighting the peculiarities of a public cultural and educational TV broadcaster based on diversified sources, the specific objectives refer to the surveying and systematization activities of the works and information available on them, producing or providing access to documents, information and reflections relevant for researchers in this field.

The assignment given to us by NCC was to compose a degree project based on ground excavations for power cables. The aim of the study was to examine suitable excavation methods depending on different possible terrain conditions. The amount of previously written material within this subject is nearly non- existent and therefore there is a genuine interest by the NCC to receive a compilation of different production methods. The greater part of this study is based upon interviews with several companies active within this area of expertise. The technique of placing the electricity grid beneath ground for safety is today getting more and more common. The aftermath of the hurricane “Gudrun” has forced several power companies to re-evaluate their electric supply network, which has lead to more placements of power cables underground. We have come to the conclusion that there are several factors that would affect the method of choice for cable excavations. Costumer demands, obstacles and the difference in ground conditions are vital factors behind the verdict for suitable production methods.

<p>The assignment given to us by NCC was to compose a degree project based on ground excavations for power cables. The aim of the study was to examine suitable excavation methods depending on different possible terrain conditions. The amount of previously written material within this subject is nearly non- existent and therefore there is a genuine interest by the NCC to receive a compilation of different production methods. The greater part of this study is based upon interviews with several companies active within this area of expertise. The technique of placing the electricity grid beneath ground for safety is today getting more and more common. The aftermath of the hurricane “Gudrun” has forced several power companies to re-evaluate their electric supply network, which has lead to more placements of power cables underground.</p><p>We have come to the conclusion that there are several factors that would affect the method of choice for cable excavations. Costumer demands, obstacles and the difference in ground conditions are vital factors behind the verdict for suitable production methods.</p>

Lean production determine the appropriate way to better workplace organization based on the elimination of various types of wasting, which only increase costs without adding customer value. It isn't important only implementation of lean production methods, but especially maintenance of lean principles and creating an atmosphere of continuous improvement. Lean production is the philosophy, which must be accepted by all em-ployees inside every company. It is the way to successful business in the 21st century. This thesis deals with the application of lean production in the selected company. The practical part describes the selected company, its history and manufacturing program. The next part is focused on description of the production center and its production layout. The result of this thesis is creating the product layout plan depending on the material flow and additional proposals for improvement.