Using a case study approach, this investigation focused on the deliberations and decision-making processes involved in the development of a physical science curriculum to be delivered by interactive videodiscs. The mediating factors that influenced the developmental processes included the participants and their perceptions, their decisions and factors influencing their decisions. The Curriculum and Instruction Advisory Committee of the Texas Learning Technology Group was selected as the subject of this study which used qualitative data collection methods. Data collection included participant observation of curriculum meetings followed by structured interviews of the participants. Document analyses were triangulated with the observations and interviews to ascertain influences on decision-making processes. Developmental processes indicated the emergence of staff and committee procedures. Procedures were influenced by school district and personal philosophies, teacher and student needs, and constraining factors such as state Developmental processes indicated the emergence of staff and committee procedures. Procedures were influenced by school district and personal philosophies, teacher and student needs, and constraining factors such as state mandates. Other influencing factors included research, tradition, and politics. Core curriculum was to be delivered by interactive videodiscs and include remediation and enrichment loops along with laboratory simulations. Participants stressed that students perform traditional laboratory experiments in addition to simulations. This curriculum also addressed the possibility of the course being taught by teachers not certified in physical science.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative effectiveness of three out-of-class procedures designed to augment a conventional classroom instructional method in a course in the fundamentals of music for elementary education students. The procedures examined were (a) conventional out-of-class study assignments; (b) out-of-class individual use of a programed textbook; and (c) out-of- class individual use of a teaching machine program. This study was concerned with measures of achievement in fundamentals of music as taught to elementary education students at North Texas State University, Denton, Texas, during the 1963-1964 school year. The measures of achievement in music were limited to the pre-test of fundamentals of music and to the post test, interim test, and retention test of fundamentals of music.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-11-14T13:58:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiza de Souza Aranha.pdf: 955753 bytes, checksum: 8d20f7b1d32a331bce179616d00e4eff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T13:58:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiza de Souza Aranha.pdf: 955753 bytes, checksum: 8d20f7b1d32a331bce179616d00e4eff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Education is the primary method of transmitting knowledge for the survival of culture, and therefore effective instruction is necessary. Based on Experimental Behavior Analysis, Behavior Analysts suggest Programmed Instruction and the Personalized System of Instruction (PSI) in order to improve the quality of teaching. An issue that warrants attention in the Brazilian educational system is that the student is always involved in a collective situation, which implies consideration of the possibilities of a group instruction application. The present study aims to analyze works published in Brazil on the application of individualized programmed instruction proposals, Programmed Instruction and PSI applied in group situations. The search was performed at Portal Capes and resulted in fourteen papers between 1973 and 2015; among these, only four were published scientific articles, the remainder being theses and dissertations. The results show that a wide variety of authors from different institutions were responsible for the work, and did not produce a second work on the subject, suggesting that there is no longer a tendency in this field. Most study groups were made up of 10 to 19 participants each. All authors of the studies that aimed to test a procedure reported successful results. Others affirmed the superiority of the methodology under investigation over the traditional one. However, although based on proposals derived from exhaustive literature of the area, few papers reported the use of the features that a programmed instruction should have. The only one present in all studies was the division of content into smaller portions. Future research could apply individualized programmed instruction, IP and PSI, to group context in Brazil. As well, expand the research on the literature of the area in other countries / A educação é a principal maneira de transmitir conhecimento para a sobrevivência da cultura e, para isso, faz-se necessário um ensino efetivo. Embasados na Análise Experimental do Comportamento, Analistas do Comportamento propõem a Instrução Programada (IP) e o Sistema Personalizado de Ensino (PSI), com o intuito de melhorar a qualidade do ensino. Uma questão que merece atenção na aplicação desses sistemas é que, no cenário educacional nacional, o aluno está sempre inserido em um contexto coletivo, o que implica em considerar nas possibilidades da aplicação em grupo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as publicações sobre a aplicação, no ensino brasileiro, das propostas de ensinos programados individualizados de IP e PSI em situação de grupo. A busca realizada no Portal de Periódicos Capes resultou em 14 estudos, publicados entre os anos de 1973 e 2015. Destes, apenas quatro eram publicações em artigos de revistas cientificas, o restante eram teses e dissertações. Os resultados evidenciaram que uma ampla variedade de autores, de diferentes instituições, foi responsável pelos trabalhos e deixaram de produzir uma segunda obra sobre o tema, indicando que não existe uma tendência de continuidade de investigação nas publicações da área, apenas estudos pontuais. Os grupos de alunos eram formados em sua maioria por 10 a 19 participantes. Todos os autores que tinham como objetivo testar o procedimento relataram resultados bem-sucedidos. Outros afirmaram a superioridade da metodologia investigada sobre a tradicional. No entanto, embora embasados em propostas derivadas de exaustiva literatura da área, houve poucos trabalhos que respeitaram todas as características que o ensino programado deveria atender. A única característica presente em todos foi a divisão do conteúdo em conteúdos menores. Pesquisas futuras poderiam aplicar ensinos programados individualizados, IP e PSI, a grupos no Brasil. Como também, pesquisar sobre a literatura da área em outros países

The goal of this online tutoring course project is to institutionalize an online tutoring training course. This instructionally designed model will target College of the Desert students serving as tutors. The students taking this course will generally be freshmen and sophomore students. A questionnaire was used to determine what the needs would be in order to build the online course.

The purpose of this project was to provide teachers with different teaching assessement, tools, approaches, and strategies. The context of this problem was to address the need to develop a teacher handbook proposal entitled Teachers' Handbook For Implementing Learning Styles Through the Multiple Intelligences.

When students use an online eTextbook with content and interactive graded exercises, they often display aspects of two types of behavior: credit-seeking, and knowledge-seeking. Any given student might behave to some degree in either way in a given assignment. In this work, we look at multiple aspects of detecting the degree to which either behavior is taking place, and investigate relationships to student performance. In particular, we focus on an eTextbook used for teaching Formal Languages, an advanced computer science course. This eTextbook is using Programmed Instruction (PI) framesets to deliver the material. We take two approaches to analyze session interactions in order to detect credit-seeking incidents. We first start with a coarse-grained approach by presenting an unsupervised model that clusters the behavior in the work sessions based on the sequence of different interactions that happens during them. Then we perform a fine-grained analysis where we consider the type of each question in the frameset, which can be a multi-choice, single-choice, or T/F question. We show that credit-seeking behavior is negatively affecting the learning outcome of the students. We also find that the type of the PI frame is a key factor in drawing students more into the credit-seeking behavior to finish the PI framesets quickly. We implement three machine learning models that predict students' midterm and overall semester grades based on their amount of credit-seeking behavior on the PI framesets. Finally, we provide a semisupervised learning model to aid in the work session labeling process. / Master of Science / Students frequently exhibit features of two types of behavior when using an online eTextbook with content and interactive graded exercises: credit-seeking and knowledge-seeking. When solving homework or studying a material, students can behave in either manner to some extent. In this research, we study links between student performance and different elements of recognizing the degree to which either behavior is occurring. We concentrate on an eTextbook used to teach an advanced computer science course, Formal Languages and Automata, using a teaching paradigm called Programmed Instruction (PI). In order to detect credit-seeking instances, we use two ways to study students' behavior in the Programmed Instruction sessions. We begin with a coarse-grained approach by building a model that can categorize work sessions into two groups based on the interactions that occur throughout them. Then we do a fine-grained analysis in which we analyze the question types in the framesets and their effect on the students' behavior. We show that credit-seeking behavior has a negative effect on students' learning outcomes. We discovered that the PI frame type is an important factor in enticing students to engage in credit-seeking behavior in an attempt to finish PI framesets fast. Finally, we present three predictive models that can forecast the students' midterm and total semester grades based on their credit-seeking behavior on the Programmed Instruction framesets.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Alice Reis Pieretti.pdf: 811349 bytes, checksum: aaee4985f16a141c9e4e095e290179a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / In spite of the existence of a fair amount of studies on programmed instruction, previously reported findings show some inconsistencies, and some specific manipulations in the implementation of this technology of teaching have not been satisfactorily investigated yet. The current study assessed the influence of varying the opportunities for receiving feedback as well as the influence of the moment of repetition of items answered incorrectly on learning under a programmed instruction procedure. Sixteen students, divided into two groups, participated in this study. All participants were given a pretest, training and a posttest. However, the conditions described below were manipulated only during the training session. Group 1 was exposed to the varied opportunities of repetition of those frames answered incorrectly under the following conditions: 1a) Repetition at the end of the series only once; 1b) Repetition at the end of the series up to three times; 1c) Repetition after feedback only once; 1d) Repetition after feedback up to three times. A procedure that varied the type of feedback was adopted for Group 2, in accordance with the following conditions: 2e) Feedback after every answered frame; 2f) No feedback for any of the answered frames; 2g) Feedback for every frame answered correctly; 2h) Feedback after every incorrectly answered frame. Results showed that all participants produced a higher percentage of correct posttest answers compared to pretest answers. The highest average percentages occurred in the Repetition after feedback up to three times condition (67.42% correct answers) and the Repetition after feedback only once condition (66.06% correct answers). As for Group 2, the conditions with the highest average percentages for correct answers were Feedback after every frame (69.5%) and Feedback after every incorrectly answered frame (69.2%). The influence of the implementation of the whole procedure in only one session on participants posttest performance is discussed. Furthermore, it is possible to claim that the moment when repetition of items occurred seemed to have exerted more influence on participants performance than the amount of times they could repeat the item answered incorrectly. It is also warranted a discussion about the need for increasing the number of opportunities for repeating the incorrect items / Apesar de haver um razoável número de estudos sobre Instrução Programada tecnologia de ensino desenvolvida por Skinner -, os resultados encontrados apresentam incongruências, e algumas manipulações específicas na aplicação dessa tecnologia de ensino não foram suficientemente investigadas. O presente trabalho avaliou a influência de variações da oportunidade de apresentação do feedback, e do momento e número de repetições dos itens respondidos incorretamente sobre a aprendizagem, em um procedimento de Instrução Programada. O estudo foi realizado com 16 participantes, estudantes do ensino superior, divididos em dois grupos. Todos os participantes passaram por pré-teste, treino e pós-teste, sendo que as condições apresentadas a seguir foram manipuladas apenas durante o treino. O Grupo 1 foi submetido a variação nas oportunidades de repetição dos quadros respondidos incorretamente, nas seguintes condições: 1a) Repetição ao final da série por uma vez; 1b) Repetição ao final da série até três vezes; 1c) Repetição em seguida ao feedback uma vez; 1d) Repetição em seguida ao feedback até três vezes. O Grupo 2 foi submetido a variação no tipo de feedback, nas condições: 2e) Feedback em todos os quadros respondidos; 2f) Feedback para nenhum dos quadros respondidos; 2g) Feedback em todos os quadros respondidos corretamente; 2h) Feedback em todos os quadros respondidos incorretamente. A ordem em que os diferentes participantes passaram pelas diversas condições variou entre eles. Todos os participantes apresentarem uma maior porcentagem de respostas corretas no pós-teste do que no pré-teste. As maiores porcentagens médias de acertos do Grupo 1 ocorreram nas condições Repetição após o feedback até três vezes (67.42% de acertos) e Repetição após o feedback uma vez (66.06% de acertos), nessa ordem. As condições com as maiores porcentagens médias de acertos para o Grupo 2 foram Feedback em todos os quadros (69.5%), seguida da condição Feedback em todos os quadros respondidos incorretamente (69.2%). Além disso, os resultados apontam que o momento da repetição dos itens pareceu ter mais influência sobre o desempenho dos participantes do que a quantidade de vezes em que estes puderam repetir os itens respondidos incorretamente

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:18:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Ferreira de Lacerda.pdf: 480408 bytes, checksum: b0aeba57ec9e6e998dc267a4ba8df249 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-30 / In his work Technology of teaching, Skinner displays the characteristics that a teaching program should have, so that the students would reach the given objectives with the least number of mistakes possible. In this book the author proposes a model for displaying the teaching contingencies that became known as programmed instruction. The present work analyzes national articles of scientific publications about the application of such principles of Behavior Analysis to Brazilian Education, in the period between 1961 and 2007, that derived from Skinner s original propositions concerning programmed instruction, aiming at identifying the characteristics that such application gained here. For the analysis, 93 articles were selected based on a list of keywords, applied to a set of articles withdrawn from previous studies (especially Freitas, 1987 and César, 2002) as well as articles available on the internet, from online journals databases. The article selection was based on the presence in the title, in the keywords of the article or in the abstract ― of words such as: programmed instruction, personalized system of instruction, teaching programming, teaching contingencies, among others. Articles that contained words referring to other theoretical approaches and/or that didn t mention Behavior Analysis, nor referred to publications from that approach, were excluded. The results show that research on programmed instruction had a peak in the 1970 s and has diminished ever since. In the past three decades, there was an average of less than one publication a year in the journals that have been studied. The results also show that characteristics of programmed instruction have been found in many teaching programs present in the articles, with special emphasis on: successive approach to final behavior through small steps; students progression based on high performance; and respect for students individual rhythm. The most frequently found teaching program formats were, in decreasing order: (1) ways of teaching programming that do not reproduce any standard model; (2) Personalized System of Instruction (PSI); and (3) programmed instruction, according to the model proposed by Skinner (1972/1968) / Em sua obra Tecnologia do ensino, Skinner explicita as características que um programa de ensino deveria ter, para levar os aprendizes a atingirem os objetivos propostos com um mínimo de erros. Nessa obra, o autor propõe um modelo de disposição de contingências de ensino que veio a ser conhecida como instrução programada. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar artigos de periódicos científicos nacionais sobre a aplicação dos princípios da Análise do Comportamento à Educação no Brasil, no período de 1961 a 2007, decorrentes da proposta original de Skinner de instrução programada, a fim de identificar características que essa aplicação assumiu entre nós. Para essa análise, foram selecionados 93 artigos, com base em uma lista de palavras-chave, aplicadas a artigos de relações de periódicos utilizados em estudos anteriores (em especial Freitas, 1987 e César, 2002) e também a artigos de periódicos encontrados em algumas bases de dados disponíveis na internet. A seleção dos artigos baseou-se na presença no título, nas palavras-chave ou no resumo ― de termos como: instrução programada, sistema personalizado de ensino, programação de ensino, contingências de ensino, entre outros. Artigos foram excluídos quando estavam presentes termos que remetiam a outras abordagens teóricas e/ou quando não faziam menção a análise do comportamento nem continham citação bibliográfica desta abordagem. Os resultados mostram que os estudos em ensino programado tiveram seu auge na década de 1970 e vêm diminuindo desde então, sendo que nas décadas de 1980, 1990 e 2000 foi publicado, em média, menos de um desses artigos por ano nas revistas pesquisadas. Mostram também que características da instrução programada estão presentes em muitos dos programas de ensino tratados nesses artigos, em especial as características: aproximações sucessivas ao comportamento final através de pequenos passos; progressão dos alunos baseada no alto domínio; e respeito ao ritmo do estudante. Os formatos de programas de ensino mais frequentemente encontrados foram, em ordem decrescente: (1) formas de programação de ensino que não reproduzem um modelo padrão; (2) Personalysed System of Instruction (PSI); e (3) instrução programada, conforme o modelo proposto por Skinner (1972/1968)

The objective of this research was to determine if students who are enrolled in intensive reading intervention classes due to limited reading and comprehension skill, experience greater alienation than students not enrolled in these classes. Ninth and tenth grade students from March Valley School, a small alternative high school in Moreno Valley, CA participated in this study.

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education