This research study is an analysis of the intertwining concepts of collaboration, prosumption, and communication in the contemporary digital educational space. The major objective of this thesis is to understand the operationalisation of the collaborative production of free and open artefacts. For this purpose, a framework is established for investigating communication and interaction activities of the people involved and their usage of ICT supported communications. Three exemplary projects are then examined using this framework: Schulbuch-O-Mat, a pilot project in which an electronic OER schoolbook is created; Memrise, an online platform which offers a wide range of user-created learning courses in a variety of topics; and VroniPlag Wiki, a wiki in which dissertations are collaboratively examined in terms of plagiarism. Data for this study were collected in the form of a comparative multiple-case study using a mix of methods such as interviews, questionnaires, participant observation, and the analysis of documents. Using situational analysis, a comparative analysis was conducted in terms of the three main aspects of this study: prosumption, collaboration, and communications. The results show that a balanced mix of communication enabling tools and services facilitates high collaboration. It was also concluded that collaborative working procedures benefit from diverse ways to address participants. The obtained data support the view that less hierarchical structures simplify collaborations and prosumption. Further research should address the issue of digital labour and exploitation as well as the management of conflicts in prosumer orientated collaborations. As a further outcome, a system of categories was derived in the analysis part of this thesis. This categorisation system serves as a foundation towards an approach of analysing collaborative communication.

Dentro del mundo de los fandoms, existe un pequeño gran nicho que se llama fanfiction, en donde los fans desarrollan, exploran y crean nuevas historias con sus personajes favoritos. Sin embargo, para la comunidad LGBTQ+, los fanfictions resultan una alternativa atractiva a los medios de comunicación tradicionales, los cuales no brindan la suficiente representación de esta comunidad. Es por ello que esta investigación se enfoca en analizar las prácticas de la comunidad LGTBQ+ como prosumidor de fanfiction y cómo la web 2.0 aporta a estas. / Within the fandom world, there is a great little niche called fanfiction, where fans develop, explore, and create new stories with their favorite characters. However, for the LGBTQ + community, fanfictions are an attractive alternative to traditional media, which do not provide enough representation for this community. That is why this research focuses on analyzing the practices of the LGTBQ + community as a fanfiction prosumer and how the web 2.0 contributes to this. / Trabajo de investigación

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The world faces the unprecedented challenge of the need change to a new energy era. The introduction of distributed renewable energy and storage together with transportation electrification and deployment of electric and hybrid vehicles, allows traditional consumers to not only consume, but also to produce, or store energy. The active participation of these so called "prosumers", and their interactions may have a significant impact on the operations of the emerging smart grid. However, how these capabilities should be integrated with the overall system operation is unclear. Intelligent energy management systems give users the insight they need to make informed decisions about energy consumption. Properly implemented, intelligent energy management systems can help cut energy use, spending, and emissions. This thesis aims to develop a consumer point of view, user-friendly, intelligent energy management system that enables vehicle drivers to plan their trips, manage their battery pack and under specific circumstances, inject electricity from their plug-in vehicles to power the grid, contributing to frequency regulation.

The present paper represents an overview of the most popular Russian social networking site VKontakte and its role in the formation of modern music consumption pattern in post-Soviet countries. Until spring 2017, it was known as the biggest platform for free music consumption in the region. The main distinctive feature of VKontakte was that it was providing free music content for its members and, as a result, was known for problems with international copyright law.However, in 2017 drastic changes occurred in copyright policies of the network, which affected music content distribution in it. As a result, VKontakte users were experiencing new routines and rapid evolution of their daily consumption habits. This research provides extensive analysis of digital music listening practices, based on the in-depth interviews with the members of the network.

This thesis is a case study examining a user-generated content delivered to a newsroom of Metro daily and its subsequent evaluation, selection and utilization in printed edition of the newspaper. Their bold attempt of participatory journalism - online gallery of readers' photographs - remains one of the few successful examples of this type of alternative journalism in Czech media even after five years since its foundation. The first chapter provides necessary field context related to the demonopolization and deprofessionalization of journalism as well as to the transformation of the communication framework and the roles of the producer (journalist) and the user (recipient) of media content, furthermore some types of alternative journalism are listed and distinctively characterized. Secondly, a phenomenon of user-generated content (UGC) is described in detail, focusing on its specifics in relation to journalism and on selected examples of the UGC occurring in Czech media. Lastly, I present a research of readers' photos from May, August, November 2016 and February 2017. The content analysis is applied twice - to define a nature of the photographs, their purpose, topic and information quality; to detect which of those gets actually used and printed. The work also focuses directly on the authors of...

La « révolution » du web 2.0 s’est-elle imposée dans les PME ? La mise en réseau, porté par le web 2.0 qui met l’utilisateur au centre des processus de l’entreprise, a–t’elle opéré un changement de paradigme communicationnel au sens de Kuhn ? Sur fonds d’une société de plus en plus fluide, inscrite dans l’incertitude et la complexité, cette thèse s’intéresse à la question des ajustements transversaux en lien avec le web 2.0 et à leur prise en compte par les PME. Ce dernier peut être vu comme source de désordres dans l’organisation et la PME sera tentée de vouloir les réguler. Néanmoins, certaines PME choisiront de s’en servir comme d’un tremplin. Elles vont à la fois construire sur des compétences existantes et améliorer l’efficience de l’entreprise (activité d’exploitation) mais également explorer des champs totalement nouveaux (activité d’exploration) dont l’intelligence collective et le crowdsourcing sont des exemples. Les outils du web 2.0 indiquent le passage d’une technologie « outils » considérée comme stable vers une technologie « sociale » caractérisée par l’instabilité. Le web 2.0 a un effet de catalyseur qui suscite et facilite à la fois les ajustements transversaux, il peut se concevoir comme un levier de pilotage vers une organisation plus centrée sur les individus et les groupes. Ceci pose un certain nombre de défis aux PME. L’éclairage des sciences du chaos et de la complexité semble une piste intéressante pour comprendre cet équilibre à atteindre entre ordre et désordre. Cette thèse a un ancrage interdisciplinaire et montre l’intérêt de croiser les sciences de gestion et les sciences de l’information et de la communication lorsque ces disciplines sont appelées à prendre en compte la complexité des rapports transversaux mais aussi de co-construction entre consom’acteurs et PME. La recherche s’appuie entre autres, sur un terrain applicatif de 93 PME, auditées entre 2010 et 2014. / Is the revolution of the so-called Web 2.0 a real success for the SMEs? Do we really see a change of the communication paradigm (following Kuhn’s meaning) due to the arrival of the networks that put the individual at the centre of the organization processes? Within the framework of a “fluid society” characterised by uncertainty and complexity, this thesis focuses on the issue of internal and external adjustments in connection with the Web 2.0 within SMEs. These adjustments may be a source of disorder within the organization and SMEs would try to regulate them. Nevertheless, some SMEs will choose to use them as a springboard. They will build on existing skills, improve the efficiency of the company (operating activity) and also explore completely new fields (exploration activity) like collective intelligence and crowdsourcing. The web 2.0 indicates the passage of a "tools" technology considered as stable to a "social" technology characterized by instability. The Web 2.0 has a catalytic effect that encourages and facilitates transversal adjustments. It could be seen as a way to transform the organization in order to become more focused on individuals and groups. But it also brings a number of challenges for SMEs. Using the concepts of chaos and complexity was an interesting way to understand this balance to be attained between order and disorder. This thesis is interdisciplinary by objective. It intends to show the interest of using together theories, literature and fields coming from management, information science and communication when these disciplines are required to take into account the complexity of relationships but also co-construction between prosumers and SMEs, and management and employees. The research will be based inter alia on a total of 93 SMEs, audited by the author between 2010 and 2014.

The diploma thesis introduces distributed generation in context of future state of electricity markets. The subject of the thesis is to introduce new trends in electricity markets, such as flexibility, prosumers, aggregator and energy communities. Moreover, the thesis describes blockchain technology and its utilization in future state of electricity markets.

Studien handlar om patienters upplevelse av vilka fördelar och nackdelar det finns med att personal använder egna erfarenheter av ätstörningar som en resurs i vårdarbetet. Insamlingen av empirin genomfördes i form av åtta stycken kvalitativa intervjuer där forskaren intervjuade patienter som går i behandling för ätstörningar. Samtliga intervjupersoner hade varit i kontakt med personal som har egna erfarenheter av ätstörningar. Ämnet analysers utifrån teoretiska begrepp som erfarenhetskunskap, förståelse, bemötande, identifikation och att vara en förebild respektive överidentifikation, motöverföring samt självexponering. Resultatet visar att det finns flera fördelar med att personal använder egna erfarenheter av ätstörningar. Denna personal kan bland annat tillhandahålla en särskild resurs inom vårdarbetet, nämligen erfarenhetskunskap, vilket är en typ av kunskap som inte går att läsa sig till och som övrig personal därför inte kan bistå med. Patienterna upplever även att personal med egna erfarenheter av ätstörningar har en ökad förståelse för deras sjukdomssituation och kan hjälpa patienterna att förstå sig själva bättre genom att förklara varför de tänker, känner eller agerar på att visst sätt. Patienterna beskriver även att denna personal har ett bättre bemötande gentemot dem på så sätt att de får patienterna att inte känna sig lika utsatta i den hjälpsökande positionen samt har förmågan att se sjukdomen utifrån ett individuellt perspektiv istället för att enbart utgå ifrån diagnosens kännetecken. Deltagarna upplever att de kan identifiera sig med personalens sjukdomsupplevelse och resa till att bli frisk vilket leder till att patienterna lättare tar till sig denna personals budskap. Patienterna kan se anställda med egna erfarenheter av ätstörningar som förebilder eftersom att de lyckades bli friska och stå emot ätstörningen. Denna personal har även en förmåga att reducera patientens känsla av skam kring sjukdomen eftersom att den anställde själv har varit sjuk tidigare. Studiens resultat visar även att det finns nackdelar med att personal använder sig av sina egna erfarenheter av ätstörningar i vårdarbetet. En nackdel är när personalens arbete påverkas av överidentifikation vilket ges i uttryck när personalen antar saker som inte stämmer om patienters sjukdomstillstånd baserat på deras egna sjukdomsupplevelser, vilket skapar frustration hos patienten. Personalens motöverföring kan även påverka hur de utformar behandlingen eftersom att denna personal har en känslomässig koppling till sjukdomen vilket kan resultera i att det är svårare att ställa krav på patienterna. Patienterna beskriver även att personalens självexponering kan påverkar deras behandling negativt om personalen berättar något om sin tidigare sjukdomsupplevelse som kan ge patienten nya ätstörda idéer eller vara triggande. Alternativt om personalen fokuserar för mycket på att berätta om sina egna erfarenheter istället för att fokusera på patientens behandling. Om personalens självexponering uppfattas vara oprofessionell i patientens ögon kan det få vårdtagaren att tveka på den professionellas kompetens. / The study is about patients' experience of the advantages and disadvantages of staff using their own experience of eating disorders as a resource in the care work. The gathering if empiric was conducted in the form of eight qualitative interviews where the researcher interviewed patients undergoing treatment for eating disorders. All interviewees have previously been in contact with staff who have their own experience of eating disorders. The subject of the study is analyzed based on theoretical themes such as experience knowledge, understanding, treatment, identification, being a role model, over-identification, countertransference and self-disclosure. The results show that there are several benefits that staff use their own experience of eating disorders. This staff may, among other things, provide a special resource in the field of care, namely experience knowledge, which is a type of knowledge individuals can’t learn by reading, so other staff do not possess this knowledge. Patients also find that staff with their own experiences of eating disorders have a better understanding of their disease situation and can help patients to understand themselves better, by explaining why they think, feel or act in a certain way. Patients also describe that these staff treat them better, in a certain way that they make the patients feel less vulnerable in their care-seeking position and has the ability to see the disease from an individual perspective instead of being based solely on the diagnosis's characteristics. Participants find that they can identify themselves whit the staff's disease experience and travel to recovery, which leads to that the patients more easily receive this personals message. Patients can see employees with their own experience of eating disorders as role models, because they managed to get healthy and resist eating disorders. This staff also has the ability to reduce the patient's sense of shame about the disease, because the employee self has been ill previously. The study's results also show that there are disadvantages to staff using their own experience of eating disorders in the care word. On disadvantage is when staff work is affected by over-identification, which is expressed in terms of staff assuming things that do not match patient's disease state based on their own disease experiences, which causing the patient to feel frustrated. The countertransference of the staff can also affect how they design the treatment because these personal have an emotional link to the disease, which may result that it is more difficult to make demands to the patient. Patients also describe that staffs’ self-disclosure may adversely affect their treatment if the staff tells something about their own previous disease experience that can give the patient new eating ideas or be triggering. Alternatively, the staff focus too much on telling their own experiences instead of focusing on the patient's treatment. If the self-disclosure of the staff is perceived to be unprofessional in the patient's eyes, it may cause that the patient will be doubtful about their professional competence.

La autoproducción es un nuevo mecanismo de oferta en el mercado de electricidad que permite al usuario ser a la vez generador de electricidad, consumir su producción e inyectar los excedentes, haciéndose acreedor de un derecho de compensación futura. La investigación desarrolla las implicancias regulatorias que impactan a los usuarios, a las empresas generadoras, a las distribuidoras y a los usuarios, estableciendo que no representa mayor riesgo que una competencia a menor escala, que el usuario tiene derecho a autoabastecerse, sin dejar de lado su responsabilidad por la red a la que se encuentra conectado y no tomando ventajas respecto de los usuarios que no entren en el régimen del autoconsumo. Entre las ventajas de la autoproducción se identifica un ahorro por el consumo de la generación propia, la mitigación de la dependencia de las fuentes convencionales de generación, la reducción de los costos en las pérdidas por el transporte de electricidad, la promoción de energías limpias. Como desventajas se evalúa la necesidad de contar y remunerar el respaldo energético por la intermitencia de la generación eléctrica con fuentes renovables no gestionables, la posible afectación a las inversiones en las redes de distribución, los costos iniciales de inversión y de administración de las unidades de generación dispersas, el trámite y acceso a la conexión. Desde el punto de vista regulatorio, habiendo demostrado la rentabilidad del proyecto con una evaluación de costos, la medición neta, como mecanismo de para la autoproducción, puede ser desarrollada en nuestro país y en la presente investigación se plantea las reformas normativas para hacerlo viable con probabilidad de éxito, consistentes entre otros, en establecer un límite individual de capacidad efectiva (instalada), un límite acumulado de capacidad a nivel país como primera etapa, la necesidad de establecer un pago fijo por la confiabilidad y posibilidad de inyecciones de energía a la red, y un neteo de derechos energéticos a ser compensados en un periodo de doce meses, luego de lo cual, el derecho pasará a favor de la distribuidora; que junto a las reglas claras y simples de los trámites para ser autoproductor, conllevaría a un beneficio parar el sector y la sociedad en su conjunto. / Self-production is a new supply mechanism in the electricity market, through which the consumer produces his own electricity, consume it, and inject the surpluses into the grid, becoming a creditor of the right to future compensations for those surpluses. This paper explains the regulatory impacts of self-production on users and electricity companies. Net metering represents a competition on a smaller scale, where users have the right to self-supply electricity without having advantages over other users who aren't in the self-consumption regime. Among the advantages of net metering, as a mechanism for self-production, this thesis identifies savings from the consumption of own electricity, the reduction of dependence on conventional sources of power generation, the reduction of losses in the transport of electricity, the promotion of clean energy. As disadvantages, the need to count on and remunerate energy support with conventional sources due to the intermittency of electricity generation, with non-manageable renewable sources, the possible impact on distributor’s incomes, initial investment and administration costs of the dispersed generation equipment, the procedure and access to connection. We propose to establish an individual limit of effective capacity for self-generation, an accumulated limit of self-production capacity in the national system as the first stage, a fixed payment for the reliability and possibility of energy injections to the grid, and a netting of energy rights to be compensated in a period of twelve months. / Trabajo de investigación