Bakgrund: Vid operativa ingrepp finns en risk för överföring av smitta mellan personal och patienter. Lokala riktlinjer ska reglera användningen av personlig skyddsutrustning. Huvudskydd används för att hindra hår och partiklar att falla ner på sterilt område. Ögonskydd skyddar personalens ögonslemhinna mot stänk av kroppsvätskor och användandet av dubbla handskar minskar risk för blodsmitta vid stick- och skärskador. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka preoperativa val av och motivering till val av huvudskydd, ögonskydd och handskar hos operatörer och operationssjuksköterskor.  Metod: I en empirisk, deskriptiv studie med tvärsnittsdesign undersöktes val av och motivering till val av huvudskydd, ögonskydd och handskar. Operationssjuksköterskor och operatörer observerades och tillfrågades med stöd av ett strukturerat frågeformulär. Resultat: På två operationsavdelningar i Stockholms län utfördes 240 observationer. Hjälmmössa valdes vid samtliga observationer inom ortopedi och vid mindre än hälften av övriga tillfällen. Ögonskydd valdes i mycket liten utsträckning av operatörer med motiveringen att de var obekväma. Operationssjuksköterskor valde att använda ögonskydd vid mer än hälften av observationerna med säkerhet som motivering. Dubbla handskar valdes vid 232 av 240 tillfällen. Slutsats: Mössa valdes för att den var bekväm och hjälm för att den rekommenderades. Ögonskydd valdes sällan. Förekomsten av att välja att använda dubbla handskar var god. Klinisk betydelse: Denna studie visar behov av information och utbildning om risken för smittoöverföring under operation. Fler och mer utförliga lokala riktlinjer för personlig skyddsutrustning skulle kunna öka användningen av hjälm och ögonskydd. / Background: Local guidelines are supposed to regulate the use of personal protective equipment to reduce the risk of transmission of infection between patients and staff during surgery. Headwear prevents hair and debris from falling down on the sterile field. Eyewear protects the eye mucosa from splashes of body fluids and the use of double gloving reduces the risk of blood contamination from sharps injuries. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the preoperative choices and motives of headwear, protective eyewear and gloves for surgeons and surgical nurses. Method: This is an empirical, descriptive study with cross-sectional design, examining the choices and motives of headwear, protective eyewear and gloves. Surgical nurses and surgeons were observed and questioned using structured questionnaires’. Results: A total of 240 observations were conducted in two surgical wards in the province of Stockholm. The staff chose to wear surgical helmets in all orthopedic surgeries and in less than half of the other surgical procedures. Surgeons did not choose to were protective eyewear, claiming they were uncomfortable. In more than half of the observations surgical nurses wore protective eyewear motivated by security reasons. Double gloving occurred in 232 occasions out of 240. Conclusion: Surgical helmets were chosen due to recommendations. Other types of headwear were chosen because they were comfortable. Eye protection was rarely chosen. The occurrence of double gloving was good. Clinical significance: This study demonstrates the need for information and education regarding the risk of transmission of infection during surgery. More and detailed local guidelines for personal protective equipment could increase the use of helmets and eye protection.

På uppdrag av Lindevalls i Östersund har material till skyddsmadrasserstuderats och undersökts för att ta reda på hur förbättringar kan göras. Syftetmed studien har varit att identifiera material och materiella strukturer attanvända i skyddsmadrasserna. Målet med projektet har varit att hitta en bättrelösning än vad som används i dagens skyddsmadrasser med hjälp av tester,materialstudier och lämplig teori. Den slutgiltiga lösningen skall, precis somdagens, inneslutas med en PVC-väv och kräver minst lika bra kraftupptagningsförmåga.Tester kopplat till projektet, har varit avgränsade till endast småskaligaprototyper för att vara anpassad till tillhandahållen testutrustning. Projektethar genomförts i sex olika etapper, förstudie, produktspecificering,prototypgenerering och tester, prototyputvärdering och val samtdetaljkonstruktion och konfigurering. Förstudien och produktspecificeringen gavinformation hur marknaden förhåller sig och vad som skulle genomföras.Prototypgenereringen har drivits framåt med hjälp av prototypdrivenproduktutveckling med stöd från kravspecifikation. Med kontinuerlig utvärderingmed beställare och tester, har etappen “loopats” efter uppdatering av kravspecifikation.En slutgiltig prototyp identifierades efter att den uppfyllt krav och önskemåli etappen prototyputvärdering och val, för att sedan tas vidare tilldetaljkonstruktion. P.g.a. för hög produktionstid skapades en skärmall för atteffektivisera produktion av prototyp, i syfte att minska produktionskostnaden.Slutsatsen av projektet är att projektets syfte och mål har granskats med hjälpav tester och undersökningar. Dock har målet som var att finna en bättre lösning,inte uppfyllts då dagens lösning anses bättre. / On behalf of Lindevalls in Östersund materials forprotective mattresses have been studied and investigated to find out howimprovements can be done. The purpose of the study has been to identifymaterials and material structures for use in the protection mattresses. Thegoal of the project was to find a better solution than what’s used in currentprotective mattresses through using tests, material studies and theory. Thefinal solution, like today's, will be enclosed with a PVC fabric and requiresat least as good power absorption capacity. Tests linked to the project havebeen limited to small-scale prototypes to be adapted to accessed testequipment. The project has been carried out in six stages, preliminary studies,product specification, prototype production and testing, prototype evaluationand selection, detailed design and configuration. The pilot study and productspecification provided information on how the market relates and what should beperformed. Prototype production has been driven forward by using theprototype-driven product development with the support of the requirementspecification. With continuous evaluation with clients and tests, the stage hasbeen "looped" after updating requirement specification. A finalprototype was identified after meeting key requirements and requests in thestage selection, to proceed to detail construction. Because to high productiontime a cutting template was created to streamline prototype production, inorder to reduce production costs. The conclusion of the project is that the project'spurpose and goal have been examined by means of tests and surveys. However, thegoal of finding a better solution has not been met because the solution usedtoday is considered better. / <p>År och termin: 2017 VT</p><p>Datum för betyg: 2017-09-18</p>

Protective treatment and security detention Abstract The topic of this diploma thesis is two protective measures - protective treatment and security detention. This is a criminal sanction which is legal consequences crime or other offense. Their function is treatment, rectification of the perpetrator and protection of the company against dangerous persons. Due to the number of recent cases when mentally ill offenders commit serious acts of violence after release or escape from protective treatment, is a topical topic. The aim of this thesis is the characterization of protective measures in general and a detailed analysis of the individual aspects of protective treatment and security detention, their storage, performance, duration, change and termination. In the case of protective treatment, I also characterize its forms and types. By analyzing effective regulation, I will evaluate these safeguards in terms of de lege lata and also propose possible measures de lege ferenda. In the introductory chapters I characterize the concept and purpose of the protective measures and also compare them with punishments. I briefly describe the prevention of the matter, the prevention of part of the property and the protective education. I then define the important concepts with which the protective measures work, such as...

Protective treatment and security detention Abstract The topic of the diploma thesis is protective treatment and security detention. These are two criminal sanctions and protective measures, that may be used by state as a reaction to committed criminal offence or other offence. A penalty is not in some cases adequate sanction to committed criminal offence and that is the reason why we have protective measures - to protect society and to help to the offender. The protective treatment and the security detention are mutually connected sanctions. As well, the security detention is a protective measure that is subsidiary to the protective treatment. The diploma thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with general legal regulations of protective measures. This chapter also contains comparation between penalties and protective measures. The second chapter discuss basic terms that are used in the criminal code to lay down conditions in which the protective treatment and the security detention may be imposed. The third and the fourth chapters are the main chapters in the diploma thesis. The third chapter and the fourth chapter deal with the protective treatment and the security detention itself. These chapters are for easier orientation and comparation of both protective measures arranged in a...

Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The purpose of this study was to determine the provision and utilisation of personal protective equipment amongst contractors in a mine in Phalaborwa Limpopo Province. A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional research approach and design were used to conduct the study. Information was gathered through self-administered questionnaires that were analysed statistically. A cross-sectional study was used to investigate the provision and utilisation of PPE amongst contractors in a phosphate mine. A quantitative research study was conducted using a questionnaire to gather data from contractors working at Foskor mine. Two hundred sixty-one employees responded to the questionnaire. The findings revealed that contractors were not being provided with PPE hence there is little utilisation of it. They have to buy PPE from their own pockets. Respondents also reported that they were not trained on the use of PPE. The use of PPE among contractors is very low as compared to permanent employees. Conclusions The contracted companies were not providing PPE to their employees. As result, PPE was not utilised as required in the mine. The response also indicated that they were not trained in the use of PPE.

Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of personal protective equipment amongst the employees at Laundromats in Seshego industrial site, Limpopo province. A quantitative research study was conducted using a questionnaire to gather information from employees who were working at Laundromats and possibly exposed to occupational injuries and diseases. Fifty-two employees responded to the questionnaires. The findings revealed that employees showed good knowledge (81%) about personal protective equipment but poor practice (52%) of personal protective equipment. The findings also revealed that the majority of employees (75%) did not receive training because it was not offered. Conclusion Majority of employees had good knowledge. There was an appropriate response to the majority of questions relating to knowledge about PPE. However, majority of employees had poor practice of PPE. The lack of training might have led to poor practice. Key concepts: Knowledge, Practice and Personal Protective Equipment.

Protective therapy and preventive detention Abstract The aim of the diploma thesis is to provide a comprehensive description of protective measures with an emphasis on two specific protective measures, namely protective treatment and security detention. These are criminal sanctions that are the result not only of a criminal offense, but also of an otherwise criminal offense. The basic function of these measures is not only to protect society from dangerous persons who have committed harmful acts on the basis of their mental disorder, sexual deviance or dependence on alcohol or other addictive substances, but also therapeutic effect on the personalities of these offenders so that their danger to society as minimized as possible and allowed them to return to normal life. The introductory chapters contain the basic characteristics of protective measures, their comparison with penalties and a brief description of the remaining protective measures, ie the institute will prevent things, prevent part of the property and protective education. The following chapter deals with the basic concepts that are closely related to both institutes, and whose understanding is crucial for grasping the whole issue. In the following chapters, I then deal in detail with the individual aspects of protective treatment and security...

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Streetism is a world-wide, socio-economic problem and vulnerable children continue to migrate to the streets due to personal and contextual reasons. Attempts have been made to prevent streetism however; these interventions tend to ignore the need to recognise and incorporate the views of street children. In other words, current interventions are based on the views of adults (adultist views) working in the field of social work and psychology excepting the views of street children themselves. This is where this study is located. The study sought to explore the views of street children on how streetism can be prevented. This study was a qualitative, phenomenological study in which semi-structured focus group interviews were used as data collection methods. Twenty street children volunteered to participate in this study. All of the children fell into the category of children on the streets who still had connections with their parents and guardians. Their ages ranged between 10 and 16, and were all attending school. The following themes emerged from the data: families should be strengthened to prevent streetism, sound peer support can prevent streetism, schools can be used to prevent streetism, having access to social services can prevent streetism, churches can prevent streetism, a supportive community can prevent streetism and access to government services can prevent streetism. These findings provide insight into how, according to the views of street children, streetism can be prevented. The findings add to theory and have implications for practice. / MEd (Educational Psychology), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

Since the early 1990s entrepreneurship education has experienced a significant interest and growth in South Africa, due to the fact that it plays a very important part in the success of businesses, whether it is a new or an existing business venture. Corporate entrepreneurship can be defined as the development of new ideas and opportunities within a large organisation and is characterized by individuals who are energetic, creative, innovative, self-confident and take calculated risks. When looking at the entrepreneurial orientation variables, Autonomy, Innovativeness, Risk-taking, Pro-Activeness and Competitive aggressiveness in any organisation, they require an acceptable climate to ensure that each dimension prosper. The line, middle and senior managers play an important role in entrepreneurial actions, whether it is part of creating the climate or driving the process once initiated. Entrepreneurial success factors such as creativity, innovation, risk orientation, leadership, good human relations, a positive attitude and perseverance, are all attributes of successful entrepreneurs. The primary research focus of this study has been to investigate the influence of entrepreneurial orientation variables (Autonomy, Innovativeness, Risk-taking, Pro- Activeness and Competitive aggressiveness) on the perceived success in a personal protective equipment organisation in South Africa. For the purpose of this study, the business success has been measured by means of two dependent variables namely Business growth and Business development and improvement. An empirical study has been conducted by using a questionnaire that measured five dimensions regarding entrepreneurial orientation. Data from 42 participants have been collected and analysed, and the results indicate that the organisation have certain aspects of entrepreneurial orientation present. The results show that the managers in the personal protective equipment business perceived that the entrepreneurial orientation variable Innovativeness have a positive influence on their Business Growth. An important relationship between the independent variable Innovativeness and the dependent variable Business development and improvement has been found to exist. Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial orientation are more than just vibrant words in the industry; they play important roles in the survival and growth of organisations. It is also crucial to understand that the correct climate needs to be fostered within the organisation to ensure that all the various aspects of corporate entrepreneurship are achieved. The organisation will reap greater benefits that could contribute to the business staying the leader in the industry, being more competitive, creating new ventures, and introducing new products and services. The area of significant concern for the organisation is a low or poor tolerance for risktaking. Practical recommendations, suggestions and an action plan are presented in order to improve the entrepreneurial climate of the organisation. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015