Les textes procéduraux, qui disent de faire et comment faire, jouent un rôle important dans la vie quotidienne et, pourtant, il n'existe que peu d'études sur ce sujet alors que mieux les connaître permettrait de les rédiger avec davantage de rigueur. Cette thèse est à la croisée de plusieurs disciplines : l'anglais de spécialité, la linguistique de corpus, la linguistique appliquée et l'analyse de genre.La première partie de la thèse décrit l'état de la recherche réalisée sur les textes procéduraux ainsi que la méthodologie choisie pour les analyser qui est appliquée à l'étalon de référence, la recette de cuisine. Dans la deuxième partie, il est procédé à une étude des niveaux linguistiques et organisationnels de différents textes compilés dans des corpus composés respectivement de règles du jeu, de protocoles de travaux pratiques en sciences, de notices explicatives et d'instructions de sécurité : ces différents corpus sont comparés à l'étalon de référence puis entre eux. Le but de cette recherche est de déterminer les microgenres procéduraux les plus prototypiques et d'établir si leur caractère spécialisé ou non influe sur leur degré de prototypicalité. Nous obtenons ainsi une échelle de prototypicalité que nous questionnons dans la troisième partie et qui prend en compte la présence, ou l'absence, de caractères prototypiques comme le nombre majoritaire de formes verbales conjuguées à l'impératif, l'importance des ellipses, la longueur des textes et de leurs phrases, le respect d'un ordre chronologique, la présence d'explications, une organisation en deux sections minimum (liste du matériel et partie procédurale) et le type de traitement cognitif. / Procedural texts play an important part in daily life and yet, studies in this domain are lacking. It is posited that a better knowledge of how they work would help people to write them better. Work on procedural texts is generally done at the crossroads of several disciplines: English for Specific Purposes, Corpus Linguistics, Applied Linguistics and Genre Analysis.Starting with the state of the art on procedural texts, a study of the organizational and linguistic levels of texts compiled in several corpora composed of cooking recipes (considered as the reference), gaine mies, science lab protocols user's guides and safety instructions is carried out. These are then compared with one another in the third part. The aim o: this research is to determine which procedural microgenres are the most prototypical and to establish if the specialised or the non-specialised nature of the text has an influence on its degree of prototypicality. This entails the creation of a scale of prototypicality which takes into account the presence, or absence, of protypical features such as a preponderance of imperative verb forms, the frequency of ellipsis, the length of the texts and of their sentences, the adherence to chronological order, the presence of explanations, a two-part structure (elements used and procedural part) and how the mind processes this sort of text.

Racial authenticity refers to the social evaluation of an individual’s group membership based on their perceived racial similarities to or differences from their racial group. While the criteria for determining racial authenticity may be abstract and mutable, negative outcomes may still occur for individuals based on whether they are perceived as an authentic member of their racial group. Notably, perceptions of racial authenticity may be particularly salient among Black college students at predominantly White institutions (PWIs) due to competing behavioral expectations from Black students as well as non-Black students and faculty. The present study contributes to prior research on this topic through a validation and test of a novel measure of racial authenticity defined by one’s perceived racial similarities to their group (racial prototypicality) and their experiences of being mistreated by their racial group due to perceived racial differences (racial othering). Furthermore, the study elucidates racial authentication processes among Black students through an examination of how contextual factors contribute to evaluations of authentic Blackness and the extent to which racial authenticity relates to self-blame and self-esteem. Within the study, a sample of 136 Black PWI students (Mage = 20.27, SD = 4.14; 91.2% female) completed an online questionnaire. A path analysis revealed that Black students who held more negative views about their racial group (low private regard) and who had more friends of a different race experienced more stress from racial othering. Additionally, experiences of racial othering indirectly predicted self-esteem through self-blame coping. These findings have implications for understanding how perceptions of racial authenticity relate to well-being among Black PWI students. / Psychology

The objective of this thesis was to investigate intersectional (categorical/social) invisibility and the extent to which this phenomenon occurs in a comparison of dominant (i.e., Caucasian), and non-dominant (African-American and Latino) social/ethnic groups. It has been found that intersectional invisibility occurs among African-American women with respect to Caucasian men and women, and African American men (Sesko & Biernat, 2010), but little of this research has been done regarding Latinas. Thus, this experiment aims to not only examine whether Latinas are also subject to intersectional invisibility among dominant (i.e., Caucasian) and non-dominant (i.e., African American and/or Latino) groups, but to determine whether the theory can be extended to perceptions between non-dominant groups such as African-Americans and Latinos. Determining whether intersectional invisibility occurs among Latinas, moreover, may provide theoretical and practical insights of what advantages/disadvantages Latinas may particularly endure as members of the rapidly growing Latino population in the U.S.

This thesis explored the cognitive, character-inference process that Dirks & Skarlicki (2004) assert contributes to trust development. Self-reported transformational leadership, leader integrity, organizational justice, and leader prototypicality correlated positively with cognitive trust in this sample of 81 student employees (63% female, mean age 20.5) of a large southeastern university. Leader prototypicality, a cognitive evaluation process, partially mediated the relationship between leader integrity and trust. This study's prime contribution was the longitudinal, empirical test of a model of trust development in interdependent leader-follower dyads. Future research may explore other antecedents of trust, assess how the cognitive process of trust development occurs, or investigate the relationship-based social exchange mechanism Dirks and Skarlicki (2004) suggest contributes to the development of affective trust. / Master of Science

Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

While the study of emotions is of universal interest because of its central role in the social sciences and humanities, emotions are of special interest for South Africa for both theoretical and applied reasons. South Africa, with its eleven official languages, is a true multicultural society with extreme differences in terms of culture, acculturation, and socio-economic status. Cultural frameworks differ substantially between ethno-cultural groups, and clarification of the differences between cultural frameworks can counter interpretation biases that could result in daily frictions and major conflicts. Additional fundamental cross-cultural research on emotional differences between cultural groups, together with the generation of a mutual understanding of the different cultural frameworks, makes these frameworks explicit and facilitates the incorporation of these frameworks into daily communication and interaction processes. The objectives of this research were to determine what the emotion structure of the Sepedi, Xitsonga and Tshivenda languages groups within a sample of Sepedi-, Xitsonga- and Tshivenda-speaking participants is, and how it compares with the European Emotion Structure. Furthermore this research aimed to establish the emotion structure and the relevant and representative features for each emotion component (such as appraisals, action tendencies, and subjective experiences) that have been encoded in a sample of Sepedi-, Xitsonga- and Tshivenda-speaking participants. Like\vise it was deemed necessary to verify (a) the extent to which the emotion words refer to specific positions on each of the emotion features of these language groups and (b) the extent of similarity or dissimilarity between emotion experiences of the Sepedi, Xitsonga and Tshivenda groups in the SAPS, as well as to compare the meaning structure between a "bottom-up" and a "top-down" (as conducted in Nicholls' research in 2008) approach between Sepedi-, Xitsonga- and Tshivenda-speaking participants. A survey design with convenience sampling was used to achieve the research objectives. The study population (n=390) consisted of Sepedi-, Xitsonga- and Tshivenda-speaking entry-level police applicants from the South African Police Service (SAPS). The Sepedi, Xitsonga and Tshivenda GRlD questionnaires were administered. Statistical methods and procedures (multidimensional scaling and descriptive statistics) were used and Cronbachrs alpha coefficients were determined to analyse the results. Results of this study on the Sepedi, Xitsonga and Tshivenda cultural groups indicated the extraction of a two-factor model within the Sepedi group. Due to the extremely low reliability analyses of the Xitsonga and Tshivenda language groups' data, a reliable scale analysis and the meaning structures of these two groups could not be determined. The low reliabilities could be attributed to the direct language translation of the questionnaire and the assessment may not have captured the full understanding of the items in the GRlD instrument. Results of this study for the Sepedi language group corresponded well with the results found in the study for the Sepedi group conducted by Nicholls (2008) on the emotion lexicon on the Sepedi, Xitsonga and Tshivenda language groups in South Africa. The Nicholls study (2008) indicated the extraction of a three-dimensional structure (evaluation, arousal, dominance) and a four-factor loading (positive emotion, sadness, fear, anger) for the Sepedi-speaking language group. In comparison, this research presented the extraction of a two-dimensional structure (evaluation and arousal) and a two-factor loading (positive emotion and sadness). Emotion concepts of the Sepedi group indicated that basic emotion concepts (love, joy, anger, sadness, fear, and surprise) readily came to mind in both Nicholls' (2008) and this study. Emotion concepts listed by the Sepedi group could be interpreted as emotion words associated with social, personality or environmental aspects and may be related to negative evaluation, dominance and/or aggression. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Emotions play an important role in the lives of human beings and, without doubt, emotions form an inherent part of the workplace (Ashkanasy, Zerbe, Charmine & Hartel, 2002). Studying emotions within the South African context is relevant for applied psychology. South Africa comprises eleven official languages which are representative of the general population in the working environment. As a result, knowledge and understanding of emotions is useful since it forms part of social interaction at work. The understanding of one’s own as well as others’ emotions and the ability to deal with those emotions contribute to the productivity and cooperation among employees in the working environment. The objective of this research was to determine the conceptualization of emotion and culture according to the literature study, to determine the different and representative emotion words within the isiNdebele speaking group, to determine the relevant and representative prototypical emotion words that have been encoded in this group, to determine the cognitive emotion structure of this group and lastly, to determine the interrater reliability of the raters and reliability of the measurement instrument as well as the dimensions of emotion structure in the isiNdebele speaking group in Mpumalanga province. A survey design with convenience sample was used to achieve the research objectives in a series of three independent studies. The study population of the first phase (N=126) consisted of a convenience sample of the isiNdebele speaking group who have metric and are working in the South African Police Service in Mpumalanga province. The study population of the second phase consisted of a convenience sample of Language Experts with degrees and diplomas (N=51) in isiNdebele language from different occupations. The study population of the third phase consisted of a convenience sample of the experts (educators) in isiNdebele speaking group (N=183) from different schools in the former KwaNdebele homeland in Mpumalanga province. In this study, free listing, prototypicality and similarity rating questionnaires were administered by a qualified psychometrist. Statistical methods and procedures (Multidimensional Scaling and Descriptive Statistics) were used and Cronbach alpha coefficients were determined to analyse the results of the isiNdebele speaking group. The results of the free listing task indicated the words with the highest frequency as cry (lila), happy (thaba), laugh (hleka), angry (kwata), disappointed (swaba), confused (hlangahlangana), depressed (gandeleleka), pain (ubuhlungu), tired (dinwa), and abused (hlukumezeka). The results of this phase also indicated the basic emotion concepts of happiness (thaba) and angry (kwata) as the only emotion terms which mostly came to mind to the isiNdebele speaking group. The results of the prototypicality rating task indicated the emotion terms ranked as the ten (10) most prototypical emotion terms for the isiNdebele speaking group (N=51) were “ukuthaba khulu” (exhilaration), “itukuthelo/ ukukwata” (anger), “ithabo elikhulu” (euphoria), “ukuthaba” (cheerfulness), “ithabo” (happiness), “ukudana” (dejection), “ukutlhuwa/ ukudana”(glumness), “ukuthaba” (joviality), “ukulila/isililo” (cry), “ithabo” (joy). A multi– dimensional scaling was conducted to determine the cognitive structure of emotion concepts whereby a two– dimensional structure (evaluation and power) was identified to the isiNdebele speaking group. Recommendations for future research to the organisation as well as recommendations for future research were suggested. / http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7044 / http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7044 / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

While the study of emotions is of universal interest because of its central role in the social sciences and humanities, emotions are of special interest for South Africa for both theoretical and applied reasons. South Africa, with its eleven official languages, is a true multicultural society with extreme differences in terms of culture, acculturation, and socio-economic status. Cultural frameworks differ substantially between ethno-cultural groups, and clarification of the differences between cultural frameworks can counter interpretation biases that could result in daily frictions and major conflicts. Additional fundamental cross-cultural research on emotional differences between cultural groups, together with the generation of a mutual understanding of the different cultural frameworks, makes these frameworks explicit and facilitates the incorporation of these frameworks into daily communication and interaction processes. The objectives of this research were to determine what the emotion structure of the Sepedi, Xitsonga and Tshivenda languages groups within a sample of Sepedi-, Xitsonga- and Tshivenda-speaking participants is, and how it compares with the European Emotion Structure. Furthermore this research aimed to establish the emotion structure and the relevant and representative features for each emotion component (such as appraisals, action tendencies, and subjective experiences) that have been encoded in a sample of Sepedi-, Xitsonga- and Tshivenda-speaking participants. Like\vise it was deemed necessary to verify (a) the extent to which the emotion words refer to specific positions on each of the emotion features of these language groups and (b) the extent of similarity or dissimilarity between emotion experiences of the Sepedi, Xitsonga and Tshivenda groups in the SAPS, as well as to compare the meaning structure between a "bottom-up" and a "top-down" (as conducted in Nicholls' research in 2008) approach between Sepedi-, Xitsonga- and Tshivenda-speaking participants. A survey design with convenience sampling was used to achieve the research objectives. The study population (n=390) consisted of Sepedi-, Xitsonga- and Tshivenda-speaking entry-level police applicants from the South African Police Service (SAPS). The Sepedi, Xitsonga and Tshivenda GRlD questionnaires were administered. Statistical methods and procedures (multidimensional scaling and descriptive statistics) were used and Cronbachrs alpha coefficients were determined to analyse the results. Results of this study on the Sepedi, Xitsonga and Tshivenda cultural groups indicated the extraction of a two-factor model within the Sepedi group. Due to the extremely low reliability analyses of the Xitsonga and Tshivenda language groups' data, a reliable scale analysis and the meaning structures of these two groups could not be determined. The low reliabilities could be attributed to the direct language translation of the questionnaire and the assessment may not have captured the full understanding of the items in the GRlD instrument. Results of this study for the Sepedi language group corresponded well with the results found in the study for the Sepedi group conducted by Nicholls (2008) on the emotion lexicon on the Sepedi, Xitsonga and Tshivenda language groups in South Africa. The Nicholls study (2008) indicated the extraction of a three-dimensional structure (evaluation, arousal, dominance) and a four-factor loading (positive emotion, sadness, fear, anger) for the Sepedi-speaking language group. In comparison, this research presented the extraction of a two-dimensional structure (evaluation and arousal) and a two-factor loading (positive emotion and sadness). Emotion concepts of the Sepedi group indicated that basic emotion concepts (love, joy, anger, sadness, fear, and surprise) readily came to mind in both Nicholls' (2008) and this study. Emotion concepts listed by the Sepedi group could be interpreted as emotion words associated with social, personality or environmental aspects and may be related to negative evaluation, dominance and/or aggression. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.