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Patient sujet dans l'institution : observation et comparaison franco-italiennes. Pratiques de le rencontre anti-institutionnelle Entre Basaglia et Tosquelles / The patient as subject in the institution : examination and comparison of France and ItalyCanfora, Rosanna 31 March 2018 (has links)
L’idée qui traverse l’ensemble de la thèse est la possibilité de la rencontre de deux mouvements : Psichiatria democratica et la psychothérapie institutionnelle, de deux psychiatres Basaglia et Tosquelles, rencontre entre médecin et patient ; rencontre entre patient psychotique et le monde, monde étant compris comme la société mais aussi le groupe de soin.La réflexion est basée sur des points « d’accrochage » entre différents discours : psychanalytique, historique, sociologique, philosophique ou phénoménologique à travers un axe central : celui de la relation possible entre médecin et patient au-delà d’une logique institutionnelle close. La pratique de la rencontre, à travers leurs protagonistes : opérateurs, usagers, patients etc… Ne peut, de fait, être comprise qu’à travers les concepts qui la fondent : l’inconscient, le transfert, la pulsion, etc. Elle est, comme on l’entendra ici, un rencontre transférentielle lieu de relations interpersonnelles qui doivent savoir s’adapter à la singularité de chacun. / The main theory of the thesis is the possibility of two psychiatrical movements meeting at a crossroad: Italian "psichiatria democratica" and French "psychothérapie institutionnelle". In the study their two founders, the psychiatrists Basaglia and Tosquelles are compared as well as the relation between psychiatrist and patient and patient and world (as society but also as group of care). The observation is focused on common grounds among different disciplines, psychoanalytic, historical, sociological, philosophical and phenomenological, over a central axis: the relationship between physician and patient outside the logic of closed institutional clinics. The setting of this intellectual encounter of operators, users and patients can only be understood through the concepts that underlie it: the unconscious, the transfer, the impulse. Lastly our “encounter” is, as we'll understand it here, a transferential encounter. It is a network of interpersonal relations that must adapt to each other actor’s singularity and individuality.
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La psichiatria coloniale italiana : teorie, pratiche, protagonisti, istituzioni 1906-1952 / Italian colonial psychiatry : theories, practices, protagonists, institutions 1906-1952 / La psychiatrie coloniale italienne : théories, pratiques, protagonistes, institutions 1906-1952Scarfone, Marianna 12 June 2014 (has links)
Ce travail aborde les développements de la psychiatrie dans les colonies italiennes de la Corne de l’Afrique et de la Libye. La psychiatrie coloniale – que l’on appelle aussi ‘ethnographique’, ‘comparée’, ‘raciale’ – se nourrit de théories anthropologiques consolidées, de mensurations anthropométriques, d’observations cliniques ; c’est dans ce cadre complexe qu’elle émerge comme discipline autonome, en partie au moins, par rapport à la psychiatrie de le mère-patrie et qu’elle contribue au bon fonctionnement du régime colonial. Les protagonistes sont en premier lieu les médecins et les patients ; à l’arrière plan on trouve aussi les administrateurs et les hommes politiques, ou encore les familles et les communautés d’origine des patients. À travers des documents précieux comme les dossiers médicaux, il est possible de reconstituer les parcours des patients, de raconter des histoires de vie et d’identifier des éléments récurrents dans les différentes expériences. De plus, grâce à la documentation privée de certains médecins coloniaux, il est possible de saisir les motivations qui poussaient certains spécialistes à venir exercer dans les colonies. L’étude de la littérature psychiatrique de l’époque, associée à l’analyse des parcours des médecins, fait apparaître les échanges et les influences qui marquaient l’activité des psychiatres coloniaux. En ce sens il m’a semblé important d’analyser les modèles anglais et français dont les médecins italiens déclarent s’inspirer dans leur réflexion théorique et donc dans la construction de la discipline ainsi que dans les solutions pratiques mises en œuvre pour faire face à la question psychiatrique dès le début des différentes expériences coloniales. Le nœud de l’assistance aux colons et aux militaires qui présentaient des troubles psychiques, ainsi qu’aux indigènes considérés fous, a plus retenu l’attention dans la colonie libyenne (déjà en 1911-1912, avec des réalisations institutionnelles dans les années trente) tandis que dans les colonies de l’Afrique orientale italienne, la question de l’assistance psychiatrique a été moins débattue, débouchant par conséquent sur très peu de réalisations pratiques. / The dissertation reviews the ways in which psychiatry developed in the Italian colonies in the Horn of Africa and in Libya. Colonial psychiatry – variously called “ethnographic”, “comparative”, or “racial” psychiatry – drew on established anthropological theories, anthropometric measurements and clinical observations, the consistently-organized framework within which it emerged as an discipline supporting colonial government and at least partially independent of psychiatry in the home country. The primary interaction within this colonial psychiatry was that between doctors and patients; in the background were the colonial administrators, the political decision-makers, and the patients’ families and home communities. Precious documentary resources such as medical records let us trace patients’ careers, tell their life stories, reconstruct typical cases and confirm recurrent features in their various experiences; from the private papers of some colonial doctors we can gather the specialists’ motivations to move to the colonies; and an examination of the psychiatric literature of the day enables us to reconstruct the discussions and inspirations which fostered the work of the colonial psychiatrists. I have recognized the importance of analysing the British and (still more) the French models from which the Italian clinicians claimed to draw their inspiration, both in terms of theory (and the construction of the resulting discipline), and in the practical solutions implemented to tackle psychiatric issues from the earliest days of the various colonial experiments. This issue – of supporting psychiatrically-afflicted colonists and soldiers and natives regarded as “mad” – was paid most attention in the Libyan colony, starting in the very first months of the occupation (in 1911 and 1912) and then taking institutional form in the 1930s; in the colonies of what was known as “Italian East Africa”, on the other hand, there was less discussion of psychiatric support and correspondingly limited practical achievements. / La tesi percorre gli sviluppi della psichiatria nelle colonia libica e nelle colonie del Corno d’Africa. La psichiatria coloniale – che assume denominazioni diverse: ‘etnografica’, ‘comparata’, ‘razziale’ – si nutre di teorie antropologiche consolidate, di misurazioni antropometriche, di osservazioni cliniche ed è in questo quadro articolato che emerge come disciplina autonoma, almeno in parte, rispetto alla psichiatria della madrepatria, e funzionale al buon ordine del regime coloniale. Nella cornice della psichiatria coloniale interagiscono in primo luogo medici e pazienti; sullo sfondo ci sono gli amministratori e i decisori politici, le famiglie e le comunità di provenienza dei pazienti. Attraverso documenti preziosi come le cartelle cliniche è possibile tracciare le traiettorie dei pazienti, raccontare storie di vita, ricostruire casi esemplari e fissare dei punti ricorrenti nelle diverse esperienze. Grazie alla documentazione privata di alcuni medici coloniali è possibile cogliere le ragioni che spingevano gli specialisti in colonia. Infine la letteratura psichiatrica del periodo preso in esame permette di ricostruire gli scambi e le ispirazioni che alimentavano l’attività degli psichiatri coloniali. In tal senso si è ritenuto importante analizzare i modelli inglese e soprattutto francese a cui i medici italiani dichiarano di ispirarsi, sia nella riflessione teorica e quindi nella costruzione della disciplina, sia nelle soluzioni pratiche attuate per far fronte alla questione psichiatrica sin dai primi tempi delle diverse esperienze coloniali. Tale questione, ovvero il problema dell'assistenza ai coloni e ai militari che presentavano disturbi psichiatrici nonché agli indigeni ritenuti folli, ha ricevuto maggiore attenzione nella colonia libica, e questo sin dai primi mesi della sua occupazione, tra 1911 e 1912, per poi manifestarsi in realizzazioni istituzionali negli anni Trenta; mentre nelle colonie della cosiddetta Africa Orientale Italiana il tema dell’assistenza psichiatrica è stato meno dibattuto, sfociando pertanto in scarse realizzazioni pratiche.
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Pedagogia del disagio adulto / Pedagogy of Adult DiseaseGNOCCHI, RAFFAELE 02 April 2007 (has links)
La ricerca focalizza l'attenzione sul disagio adulto. Il concetto di persona è riletto alla luce del clima definito (neo)moderno all'interno del quale l'uomo vive una difficoltà quotidiana nel riconoscere se stesso e il contesto a lui circostante. Le relazioni interpersonali subiscono questa pressione socio culturale la quale va pertanto analizzata e considerata. L'età adulta è l'ambito specifico della ricerca; in questa fase della vita maturità e saggezza sono elementi da declinare e rileggere in relazione ai limiti costitutivi la persona stessa: riconoscere e assumere i propri limiti è una prima operazione di maturità. I limiti e il disagio chiamano in causa la necessaria lettura interdisciplinare: medicina e pedagogia dialogano nell'interesse della persona sofferente; da questo dialogo nascono indicazioni concrete per una pratica corresponsabile sui piani biologico ed educativo. Si sostanzia in definitiva una pedagogia del disagio e della marginalità adulta quale risultato dello scambio epistemologico fra le due discipline. questa prospettiva postula interventi rinnovati nell'ambito del disagio adulto poiché il disagio e la sofferenza non sono sempre ascrivibili a questioni di natura patologica. La pedagogia oltre a riconoscere il ruolo delle altre discipline è altresì riconosciuta come scienza impegnata nell'educazione degli adulti in stato di disagio. / The research focuses on adult hardships. The concept of person is considered by the light of a climate defined (neo) modern in which man lives a daily difficulty in recognising both himself and the surrounding context. Interpersonal relationships are strongly influenced by this socio cultural pressure that needs to be considered and analysed. Adulthood is the specific field of the research. During this stage of life, maturity and wisdom are elements to be considered and analysed in relation to the constitutive limits of the person: the awareness and the acceptance of the limits represent a first act of maturity.
The limits and hardships require an interdisciplinary understanding: medicine and pedagogy interact on behalf of the person in hardships; factual proposals derive from this interaction for a joint responsibility on a biological and educational level. It gains substance after all a pedagogy of the hardships and adult marginality as a result of an epistemological exchange between the two disciplines. This perspective requires renewed interventions in adult marginality because the hardships and suffering cannot be always ascribed to pathological matters. Pedagogy, besides recognising the role of the other disciplines, is considered as a science engaged in the education of adult people in hardships.
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