PhD (Nursing Science) / Department of Advanced Nursing Science / State patients are admitted to the psychiatric hospital after being declared as such by a court of law in South Africa. After successful rehabilitation of state patients at the psychiatric hospital, they need to be reintegrated into their families. Perceptions of family members of male state patients regarding reintegration including development of a model to support such reintegration, is not largely explored in the scientific body of knowledge. The aim of this study was to develop a model to support reintegration of state patients into their families in Limpopo Province, South Africa. A qualitative approach using descriptive, explorative, and contextual designs was adopted for this study. The study population was family members whose relatives are male state patients admitted and recorded in the admission register of Hayani Hospital, in Limpopo Province. The study was conducted in two phases of which phase one was a situational analysis, and phase two was the development of the model to reintegrate male state patients into their families. This study was conceptualized within the Social Ecological Model (SEM) of human behaviour (Stokols, 2013), the grounded theory for model development outlined in Dickoff et al. (1968), and the approaches outlined in Chinn and Kramer (2008); Walker and Avant (1995). Model evaluation was done by a group of health professionals, some of whom are advanced psychiatric nurses who are doing masters and doctoral studies, and one doctoral graduate who is also an advanced psychiatric nurse. Presentations were made to this group during peer review sessions who in turn gave critical comments regarding the developed model to support reintegration of male state patients until the final model was accepted. Non-probability purposive and convenient sampling were used to sample a hospital and 10 family members of Venda-speaking male state patients. In-depth individual interviews were used as the instrument to collect data which was pretested on one family member who did not form part of the study. Data was analysed using thematic analysis approach. Data was co-coded by an independent doctoral degree graduate to ensure trustworthiness. Conducting home visits by health professionals came up strongly during data analysis. Credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability to ensure trustworthiness of the study, as well as ethical considerations were adhered to. The findings of the study yielded two themes, being perceptions of participants regarding reintegration of male state patients, and perceptions of participants regarding the support needed from family members to reintegrate male state patients. During phase one, the results indicated that family members accept reintegration and also that they indicated the kind of support needed, that lead to phase two of developing a model to reintegrate male state patients. The study was restricted to only one hospital in the Vhembe District out of the five districts of the Limpopo Province.The researcher acknowledges that this study was contextual and that only family members of male state patients were interviewed, the perceptions of family members of female state patients were not heard. The study concluded that there are perceptions that family members of male state patients have regarding reintegration of these patients into their families. Furthermore, family members of male state patients can describe the kind of support that they need in order to reintegrate male state patients into their families. This should be done using the developed model that should involve family members and the community. The study recommends that psychiatric hospitals should implement the model involving family members of male state patients. Furthermore, a longitudinal study should be conducted for a period of 3-5 years to check the effectiveness of the model. / NRF

Emotionsreglering har de senaste åren fått alltmer uppmärksamhet och stöd som en faktor associerat med substansbruk. Däremot finns till författarnas vetskap ingen tidigare forskning som undersökt sambandet mellan emotionsreglering och substansbruk i ett rättspsykiatriskt urval. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva substansbruket och utforska associationer mellan emotionsreglering och substansbruk i ett rättspsykiatriskt urval. Deltagarna (N = 98; 13 % kvinnor) rekryterades från en kohort av rättspsykiatriska patienter i Sverige från 2016-11-01 till 2020-11-30.  Data samlades in genom journalgranskningar, självskattningar och kompletterades med semistrukturerade intervjuer. För att beskriva substansbruk i gruppen användes deskriptiv statistik. Vidare användes instrumentet Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) för att undersöka deltagarnas svårigheter med emotionsreglering. Som mått på substansbruk använde författarna debutålder av substanskonsumtion och antalet testade substanser. För att utforska sambandet mellan emotionsreglering och substansbruk användes korrelationsmatriser.  Resultatet visade att 64,3 % av deltagarna någon gång hade diagnostiserats med substansbrukssyndrom. Vidare hade 79.5 % av urvalet någon gång använt cannabis och hade i större utsträckning använt andra substanser jämfört med en generell svensk population. Studien fann inga signifikanta samband mellan emotionsreglering och substansbruk, vilket går emot tidigare forskning. Det motsägelsefulla resultatet kan bero på metodologiska skillnader och/eller att deltagarna hade andra gemensamma och inflytelserika erfarenheter i relation till emotionsreglering som påverkade resultatet. / Emotional regulation has in recent years gained more attention and support as a factor associated with substance use. However, to the authors knowledge, no research has examined the association between emotional regulation and substance use in a forensic psychiatric sample. The aims of this study were to describe substance use and examine associations between emotional regulation and substance use in a sample of forensic psychiatric patients. Participants (N = 98; 13% female) were recruited from a cohort of forensic psychiatric patients in Sweden from 2016-11-01 to 2020-11-30.  Data were collected through file information, self-reports and complemented with semi-structured interviews. The study used descriptive data to report the use of substances within the sample. Furthermore, the study used the instrument Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) to examine the participants' emotional dysregulation. To measure substance use, the authors used age of onset of substance consumption and the number of substances tested as variables. Correlational matrices were used to explore the association between emotional regulation and substance use.  The results showed that 64.3% of the participants had at some point been diagnosed with SUD. Furthermore, 79.5 % of the sample had at some point used cannabis and had to a large extent used other substances. No significant associations were found between emotional regulation and substance use. The result goes against previous research, methodological differences may cause this contradiction. Another possible explanation is that the participants had other common and influential experiences in relation to emotional regulation that influenced the result.