This thesis is focused on social exclusion. Theoretical part is concerned with social exclusion - its definition, forms and consequences. The next topic is inklusion, that is relatively new phenomenon in czech education. The last part includes prevention, that means prevention programs and especially school psychologists. Practical part is composed of thematical analysis of semistructured interviews with school psychologists. These school psychologists work with children who attend primary and lower secondary education. My intention was to answer these three questions. How do school psychologists perceive children, who are getting on the margin of class group? How do the prevention programs, that are supposed to help socially excluded childer work, according to school psychologists? How do school psychologists co-work with other adults who take care of a child, that is socially excluded? All respondents (school psychologists) meet socially excluded children in their school. They pay special attention to the children. They also do comprehend short-term and long-term consequences of such environment, not only for the excluded child but for the whole group. Primary prevention programs are, according to interviewees, the more effective the sooner the first program starts. There are two groups of...

abstract: The United States Supreme Court’s 1993 Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals case established criteria for admitting scientific evidence in federal courts. It holds that scientific evidence must be valid, reliable, and relevant, and judges are required to be “gatekeepers” of evidence by screening out evidence that has not been empirically tested or vetted through the academic community. Yet, little is known about whether psychological assessment tools are subjected to scrutiny through the standards courts are supposed to apply. In three different studies, from the perspectives of judges, attorneys, and forensic mental health experts, the authors investigate whether psychological assessment evidence is being challenged. Information was collected on participants’ experiences with challenges to psychological assessments. Judges and lawyers completed a series of experimental case vignettes to assess their decision-making about legal admissibility of different qualities of psychological assessments. It was hypothesized they would not distinguish between low- and high-quality psychological assessments in admissibility. Bayesian model selection methods did not support the null hypothesis, however. It was found attorneys differentiate between the conditions. The rates in which legal professionals and forensic mental health evaluators experienced challenges were also higher than was expected. These positive findings show there is some degree of gatekeeping psychological assessment evidence in the courts. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2020

Diploma thesis Professional Identity of the School Psychologist, shows a profession of a school psychologist through the demands that are set before this profession, relationships in which the school psychologist is and a role in which he/she is engaged. The text is divided into a theoretical part, which contains information from the literature on the topic, part of the methodology, which shows the reader how to obtain research data and a practical part, which presents results of analysis of interviews with the school psychologists. In the first part we learn about issues of professional identity mainly from the perspective of social psychology. The text describes theoretically, on the basis of Czech and foreign literature, the profession of the school psychologist since its inception in foreign countries to the current forms. The theoretical part describes activities that characterize the profession of the school psychologist. Based on the work of several authors we specify the roles of the school psychologist. In the theoretical part we arise from the knowledge of professional identity of the school psychologist. Defining the profession of the school psychologist in the theoretical part provides basic understanding of the research chapters. The practical part is based on interpretation of...

This diploma thesis deals with the professional identity of school psychologists. The aim of this thesis is researching of changing the profile of professional identity in last ten years and observing the other variables how and in what way they influence the professional identity of school psychologists. The thesis is divided in a theoretical part, empiric part and a discussion of the research results with the literature. The theoretical part deals with a school psychology at first - its determinations and relations to other disciplines, its historical evolve and also with present situation, the content of a work of a school psychologist and his role in relationship network at school. The next part deals with a profession and professional identity, at first through a general view and lately with a direct view on the professional identity of school psychologists. In the empiric part there are firstly introduced the aims of the research and its questions, used methods for gathering and data processing and it is introduced the research file. For the data gathering there were used interviews and questionnaires which examined the most frequent and the most difficult situations which are the school psychologist dealing with, the frequent clients and their orders, perceiving of their own self-image and...

Recent research in visual object recognition has shown that context can facilitate object recognition. This study assessed the effect of self-relevant familiarity of context in object recognition. Participants performed a task in which they had to recognize degraded objects shown under varying levels of contextual information. The level of degradation at which they could successfully recognize the target object was used as a measure of performance. There were five contextual conditions: (1) no context, (2) context, (3) context and size, (4) context and location, (5) context, size and location. Within each contextual condition, we compared the performance of "Expert" participants who viewed objects in the context of their own house and "Novice" participants who viewed those particular settings for the first time. Ratings were performed to assess each object's consistency, frequency, position consistency, typicality and shape distinctiveness. Object's size was the only contextual info rmation that did not affect performance. Contextual information significantly reduced the amount of bottom-up visual information needed for object identification for both experts and novices. An interaction (Contextual Information x Level of Familiarity) was observed. Expert participants' performance improved significantly more than novice participants' performance by the presence of contextual information. Location information affected the performance of expert participants, only when objects that occupied stable positions were considered. Both expert and novice participants performed better with objects that rated high in typicality and shape distinctiveness. Object's consistency, frequency and position consistency did not seem to affect expert participants' performance but did affect novice participants' performance. / A regression analysis model that included Level of Familiarity, Contextual Information Level, Shape and Typical performance. Our results are in accordance with the priming model of visual object recognition. We concluded that a self-relevant context has its own consistency rules and that it affects visual object recognition by narrowing down the number of expectations and the search space significantly more than a non-self-relevant context does. Keywords: visual object recognition, self-relevant familiarity, location, size, probability. / by Evangelie Daskagianni. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2011. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2011. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

BRITO, Rafaela Medeiros de Mattos. As histórias contadas na clínica: narrativa e transformação na psicoterapia. 2014. 174f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2014. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-04T13:00:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_rmmbrito.pdf: 1261441 bytes, checksum: e6882ad2340a989580547dfbf1b8aec7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-04T17:21:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_rmmbrito.pdf: 1261441 bytes, checksum: e6882ad2340a989580547dfbf1b8aec7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-04T17:21:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_rmmbrito.pdf: 1261441 bytes, checksum: e6882ad2340a989580547dfbf1b8aec7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / This research aims to explore the connexion between narrative and transformation in psychotherapy, through the meanings that the clients from the Clínica Escola de Psicologia da UFC, who have experienced traumatic experiences, ascribe to: the psychotherapeutic process, the perceived changes, the therapist as a part of this process, and the importance of narrating in the therapeutic setting. Furthermore, it is important to analyze the cultural implications into personal stories. This way, it is possible to perceive the narrative not only as an individual production, but also as a historical and relational process. The theoretical framework used was the Narrative Psychology that points out that human experience becomes intelligible when transformed into narrative. In the field of psychotherapy, this theory contributed to the emergence of the postmodern therapies, which have as important icons the Narrative Therapy and Collaborative Approach. Some of the most important authors used in this research were: Harlene Anderson, Harold Goolishian, Michael White, David Epston, John McLeod, Jerome Bruner, Kenneth Gergen and Marilene Grandesso. Within this broad field of studies, it is assumed that the construction of narratives, by its ability to generate meanings, is therapeutic in itself. This study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with three clients. The interviews were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis. It was then observed that in the beginning, all clients had some prejudice about the practice of psychotherapy, and over time, they become extremely committed to the therapy, which played a key role in changing attitudes and meanings ascribed to themselves and their realities. The therapist is seen in this process as a facilitator who explores some contents that were not perceived before, mediating the dialogue between the client and himself. The narrative emerges in the psychotherapy as a construction of meaning that leads to a sense of freedom, and prompts processes of resignification, agency and reorganization of experience. / Esta pesquisa busca explorar a relação entre narrativa e transformação na psicoterapia, através do significado que clientes da Clínica Escola de Psicologia da UFC, que já vivenciaram experiências traumáticas, atribuem: ao processo psicoterápico, às mudanças percebidas, ao terapeuta inserido no processo de transformação e à importância de se narrar no setting terapêutico. Além disso, consideraram-se as implicações culturais nas histórias pessoais, percebendo, assim, a narrativa não só como uma produção individual, mas também histórica e relacional. O referencial teórico utilizado foi o da Psicologia Narrativa, que postula que a experiência humana se faz inteligível quando transformada em narrativa. No campo da psicoterapia, essas formulações vão influenciar as terapias pós-modernas, tais como a Terapia Narrativa e a Abordagem Colaborativa. Os principais autores utilizados nesta pesquisa foram: Harlene Anderson, Harold Goolishian, Michael White, David Epston, John McLeod, Jerome Bruner, Kenneth Gergen e Marilene Grandesso. Dentro deste vasto campo de estudo, pressupõe-se que a construção de narrativas, por sua capacidade de gerar significados, é terapêutica em si. Esta pesquisa transcorreu mediante três entrevistas semiestruturadas, que foram transcritas e submetidas a uma análise temática. Observou-se que esses clientes chegaram à clínica com ideias preconceituosas a respeito da prática psicoterápica, mas, ao longo do tempo, tornaram-se extremamente comprometidos com a terapia, reconhecendo o papel fundamental que esta desempenhou na mudança de suas atitudes e significados atribuídos a suas realidades e a si mesmos. O terapeuta é visto, neste processo, como um facilitador que explora conteúdos antes não percebidos, mediando o diálogo do cliente com ele mesmo. A narrativa aparece na clínica como uma construção de sentido propiciadora de liberdade, levando a processos de ressignificação, reautoria e reorganização da experiência.

Aim of this thesis is to look at the problematics of function of the school psychologist on primary school and show how the school psychologist get on with individual teachers. School psychology, pedagogic psychology and their history will be explained in the theoretical part of the thesis. Then we look at the history of function of the school psychologist on primary school in the Czech republic and Slovakia. We look at its cooperation with other entities - parents, students or other institions. Practical part of this thesis consist of interview with school psychologists and teachers. The aim is to analyse relations between them and determine whether is a school psychologist respected figure.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-10-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:37:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lazaretti_lm_me_assis.pdf: 1481400 bytes, checksum: 47b05da4403ab2f688d1c0c79856c8e9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa, de natureza bibliográfica, tem caráter teórico-conceitual, e como objetivo geral investigar a multiplicidade dos estudos realizados por Daniil Borisovich Elkonin (1904-1984), demonstrando como foi se delineando o processo de constituição de sua obra. Elegemos como objetivos específicos: a) mapear a obra do autor, com base em dados biográficos e sua inserção e produção junto ao grupo da Escola de Vigotski; b) apontar os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos norteadores do pensamento de Elkonin; c) analisar as investigações científicas desse psicólogo soviético e como as mesmas apóiam-se no trabalho iniciado por L. S. Vigotski; d) desvelar se as idéias de Elkonin apresentam novidades quando relacionadas às hipóteses de Vigotski. Para tanto, a metodologia eleita conta com fontes primárias e secundárias, que compõem o acervo bibliográfico estudado. Os escritos do autor principal e seus interlocutores foram considerados fontes primárias, e os de seus intérpretes – autores da atualidade – fontes secundárias. Ante essas fontes primárias e secundárias, a pesquisa envolveu fases de levantamento, localização, acesso, seleção, tradução (do russo, inglês e espanhol) e leitura das mesmas, implicando em análises descritivas e conceituais e sínteses. A pesquisa resultou em dados a respeito de como Elkonin tem sido compreendido por pesquisadores que trabalham com a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Discípulo de Vigotski e companheiro de trabalho de Davidov, Dragunova, Galperin, Leontiev, Zaporozhéts e Zinchenko, desenvolveu estudos sobre a dinâmica e as características dos períodos do desenvolvimento humano, que abordam sobre a atividade de comunicação emocional direta... / This research, of bibliographical nature, presents a theorist-conceptual character, and its general aim is to investigate the multiplicity of Daniil Borisovich Elkonin’s studies, exposing the way the constitutional process happened in his book. We elected as specific aims: a) to make a map of his insertion and production among Vigotski’s School; b) to point-out the theory and methods chosen as the base of his thoughts; c) to analyze and investigate Elkonin’s scientifically researches and how they are supported by the work started by L. S. Vigotski; d) show whether or not Elkonin’s thoughts bring novelties to Vigotski’s hypothesis. To achieve these aims, the methodology which was elected counts on primary and secondary sources, which are parts of the bibliography studied. Elkonin’s writings and his interlocutor were considered primary source; and Elkonin’s interpreters – recent authors - , secondary source. Beholding these sources, the research involved the following steps: collecting, locating, access, selecting translating (Russian – English – Spanish) and reading these materials, which has implicated in descriptivist and conceptual analysis and synthesis. This research has resulted in data which are concerned to how Elkonin has been understood by the researchers who work with the Historic-Cultural Psychology. Elkonin was Vigotski’s disciple, and worked together with Davidov, Dragunova, Galperin, Leontiev, Zaporozhéts e Zinchenko. Elkonin developed studies about dynamic and characteristics the direct emotional communication activity, object manipulative activity... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Mário Sérgio Vasconcelos / Banca: Maria Aparecida Mello / Banca: Sonia Mari Shima Barroco / Resumo: Esta pesquisa, de natureza bibliográfica, tem caráter teórico-conceitual, e como objetivo geral investigar a multiplicidade dos estudos realizados por Daniil Borisovich Elkonin (1904-1984), demonstrando como foi se delineando o processo de constituição de sua obra. Elegemos como objetivos específicos: a) mapear a obra do autor, com base em dados biográficos e sua inserção e produção junto ao grupo da Escola de Vigotski; b) apontar os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos norteadores do pensamento de Elkonin; c) analisar as investigações científicas desse psicólogo soviético e como as mesmas apóiam-se no trabalho iniciado por L. S. Vigotski; d) desvelar se as idéias de Elkonin apresentam novidades quando relacionadas às hipóteses de Vigotski. Para tanto, a metodologia eleita conta com fontes primárias e secundárias, que compõem o acervo bibliográfico estudado. Os escritos do autor principal e seus interlocutores foram considerados fontes primárias, e os de seus intérpretes - autores da atualidade - fontes secundárias. Ante essas fontes primárias e secundárias, a pesquisa envolveu fases de levantamento, localização, acesso, seleção, tradução (do russo, inglês e espanhol) e leitura das mesmas, implicando em análises descritivas e conceituais e sínteses. A pesquisa resultou em dados a respeito de como Elkonin tem sido compreendido por pesquisadores que trabalham com a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Discípulo de Vigotski e companheiro de trabalho de Davidov, Dragunova, Galperin, Leontiev, Zaporozhéts e Zinchenko, desenvolveu estudos sobre a dinâmica e as características dos períodos do desenvolvimento humano, que abordam sobre a atividade de comunicação emocional direta... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research, of bibliographical nature, presents a theorist-conceptual character, and its general aim is to investigate the multiplicity of Daniil Borisovich Elkonin's studies, exposing the way the constitutional process happened in his book. We elected as specific aims: a) to make a map of his insertion and production among Vigotski's School; b) to point-out the theory and methods chosen as the base of his thoughts; c) to analyze and investigate Elkonin's scientifically researches and how they are supported by the work started by L. S. Vigotski; d) show whether or not Elkonin's thoughts bring novelties to Vigotski's hypothesis. To achieve these aims, the methodology which was elected counts on primary and secondary sources, which are parts of the bibliography studied. Elkonin's writings and his interlocutor were considered primary source; and Elkonin's interpreters - recent authors - , secondary source. Beholding these sources, the research involved the following steps: collecting, locating, access, selecting translating (Russian - English - Spanish) and reading these materials, which has implicated in descriptivist and conceptual analysis and synthesis. This research has resulted in data which are concerned to how Elkonin has been understood by the researchers who work with the Historic-Cultural Psychology. Elkonin was Vigotski's disciple, and worked together with Davidov, Dragunova, Galperin, Leontiev, Zaporozhéts e Zinchenko. Elkonin developed studies about dynamic and characteristics the direct emotional communication activity, object manipulative activity... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Studies on the scientific background of Health Psychology are discussed, including the conceptual definition, as well as the bio-psycho-social model that characterizes it. The relation between health and behavior is described in order to have a better understanding of health and illness, as well as about the pathogenic and immunology issues related to behavior. The main contributions of Health Psychology to improve life quality and health are described. Moreover, medical psychology, psychosocial coping of illness, as well as intervention strategies, are discussed. Health Psychology becomes a good alternative for the understanding of health and illness mechanisms, as well as for the prevention process and illness treatment related to psychological components. / Se abordan los antecedentes de la Psicología de la Salud, incluyendo su definición conceptual, así como el modelo biopsicosocial que la caracteriza. Se detalla la relación existente entre comportamiento y salud para tener una mejor comprensión de la salud y la enfermedad, así como de los patógenos e inmunógenos comportamentales. Se describen las principales contribuciones de la Psicología de la Salud para la promoción de salud y calidad de vida, psicología hospitalaria, afrontamiento psicosocial de la enfermedad y estrategias de intervención. La Psicología de la Salud constituye una excelente alternativa para comprender los mecanismos de salud y enfermedad, así como para la prevención y el manejo de la enfermedad, en lo que se refiere a sus componentes psicológicos.