Se indaga sobre la relación que existe entre el bienestar psicológico y la autoeficacia en una muestra de 153 universitarios migrantes de Lima Metropolitana, con una edad promedio de 21,43 años (D.E.= 2.12), de los cuales el 62% fueron mujeres y el 38% varones de universidades privadas de Lima. Se emplearon como instrumento de medida, la escala de bienestar psicológico, adaptada al contexto peruano por Domínguez (2014) y la escala de autoeficacia General empleada por Terry (2008). Los resultados muestran una correlación positiva entre la autoeficacia y las variables de aceptación y control (r = .295, p< .01) y autonomía (r = .411, p< .01). Además, se muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar el bienestar psicológico entre quienes tienen y no pareja; mientras que se observan estadísticamente significativas al comparar la autoeficacia en función a tener o no pareja, género y edad. Se concluye que algunas dimensiones del bienestar psicológico se relacionan con la autoeficacia; además se observan diferencias significativas al comparar ambas variables entre otras de tipo sociodemográfico. / The relationship between psychological wellbeing and self-efficacy is investigated in a sample of 153 university migrants from the province to Metropolitan Lima, with an average age of 21.43 years (SD = 2.12), of which 62% were women and 38% men from private universities in Lima. The scale of psychological wellbeing, which is adapted to our environment by Domínguez (2014) and the scale of general self-efficiency used by Terry (2008), was used as a measuring instrument. The results show a positive correlation in relation to self-efficacy and acceptance and control variables (r = .295, p <.01) and autonomy (r = .411, p <.01). In addition, statistically significant differences are shown when comparing psychological well-being between those who have and not a partner; while it is observed statistically to compare when comparing self-efficacy according to having or not having a partner, gender and age. It is concluded that some dimensions of psychological well-being are related to self-efficacy; In addition, different differences are observed when comparing both variables among others of sociodemographic type. / Tesis

Socialt medieanvändande är en vana för många människor. Åtskilliga studier har konstaterat att socialt medieanvändande både kan öka och minska känslan av gemenskap.  Känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) är ett centralt begrepp i det salutogena perspektivet och en skyddsfaktor mot ohälsa. Studien undersökte relationen mellan KASAM och socialt medieanvändande med ett urval om 129 personer. För att besvara frågeställningarna konstruerades en enkät bestående av fyra skalor nämligen KASAM, Attention Control Scale, Social Media Fatigue Scale och Hälsosamma Internetbeteenden. Analysmetoderna var korrelationsanalyser och regressionsanalyser. Analyserna visade att KASAM har betydelse för uppmärksamhet och social medietrötthet. Kön, ålder och KASAM har betydelse för hälsosamma internetbeteenden. KASAM har ett positivt samband med uppmärksamhet och hälsosamma internetbeteenden och ett negativt samband med social medietrötthet. Samband noterades mellan social medietrötthet och uppmärksamhet. Slutsatsen var att en stark KASAM skyddar mot ohälsa vid socialt medieanvändande. Den egenkonstruerade skalan Hälsosamma Internetbeteenden genererade signifikanta, men inte reliabla resultat.

No description available.

No description available.

Bakgrund Endometrios är en sjukdom där livmoderslemhinna lokaliseras utanför livmodern som resulterar i en inflammatorisk process. Vanliga symtom inkluderar allvarlig smärta under menstruation och ägglossning, förstoppning, diarré och infertilitet. Hälso-relaterad livskvalitet definieras som hur mycket hälsoproblemet påverkar det vardagliga livet och hur stor möjlighet personen har att leva ett, enligt denna, tillfredsställande liv. Vårdande möten behöver tre nyckelfaktorer för att skapa trygghet, att patienten blir bemött med empati och lyssnad på, får personlig utformad information samt kompetens inom medicinteknik. Syfte Syftet var att belysa hur livskvaliteten påverkas hos kvinnor med diagnosen endometrios. Metod Icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt som inkluderade 15 originalartiklar med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats. Artiklar hittades under sökningar av PubMed och CINAHL med användning av Booelsk söklogik. En kvalitetsgranskning gjordes på alla inkluderade artiklar med hjälp av Sophiahemmet högskolas bedömningsunderlag för kvalitetsgranskning. Analysen genomfördes med hjälp av en integrerad litteraturöversikt. Resultat Fyra huvudteman identifierades under sammanställningen av resultaten och de var livskvalitet kopplat till mötet med omvärlden, livskvalitet kopplat till sexlivet, livskvalitet kopplat till karriären och livskvalitet kopplat till psykiskt mående. Den mest centrala aspekten som påverkade kvinnor med endometrios liv var smärta. Smärtan påverkade arbetslivet negativt, det sociala livet och intima relationer påverkades också negativt och smärtan var en stor psykisk påfrestning. Slutsats Denna litteraturöversikt visade att kvinnor med endometrios har sämre livskvalitet jämfört med kvinnor utan sjukdomen. Deras liv påverkades i flera aspekter, deras sociala liv, intima relationer, psykiskt mående samt karriären påverkades negativt. Det framkom även att ett bra bemötande från hälso- och sjukvården men även från andra människor minskade lidandet hos kvinnan och förbättrade hennes livskvalitet. / Background Endometriosis is an illness where endometrium is found outside of the uterus resulting in an inflammatory process. Common symptoms include severe pain during menstruation and ovulation, constipation, diarrhoea and infertility. Health related quality of life is defined as how much everyday life is affected and how large the possibility is of the person living, according to them, a satisfactory life. Caring encounters need three key aspects to create security, the patient being met with empathy and listened to, get personally designed information and competence in medical technology.  Aim The aim was to illustrate how quality of life is affected in women with the diagnosis endometriosis.  Method Non-systematic review including 15 original articles with both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Articles were found during searches of PubMed and CINAHL using a Boolean approach. A quality review of all articles included was conducted using Sophiahemmet University assessment basis for scientific classification and quality. Analysis was conducted using the integrative review method. Results Four main themes were identified during the compilation of the results, and those were quality of life related to the meeting with the surrounding world, quality of life related to sex life, quality of life related to career and quality of life related to psychological being. The most central aspect that affected women with endometriosis lives was pain. The pain affected working life negatively, the social life and intimate relationships was also negatively affected, and the pain was a great mental strain. Conclusions This literature review showed that women with endometriosis has a lower quality of life compared to women without the disease. Their lives were affected in multiple aspects, their social lives, intimate relationships, psychological being and the career was negatively affected. It became evident that a good encounter with healthcare but also with other people lessened the suffering of the women and improved her quality of life.

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Il lavoro ha esplorato il tema dello sviluppo del talento nello sport a partire da una prospettiva psicosociale. Per fare questo si è posto due obiettivi principali: il primo di esplorare la letteratura sul talento nello sport per identificare quelle teorie che meglio potessero rispecchiare l'approccio psicosociale. Il secondo obiettivo è stato quello di studiare empiricamente come le relazioni impattano sul benessere psicologico dei giovani atleti, ipotizzando che esso si possa considerare una condizione particolarmente favorevole per lo sviluppo del potenziale. La ricerca condotta non solo ha identificato con successo una serie di teorie che sostengono l'utilizzo dell'approccio psicosociale allo sviluppo del talento, ma ha anche dimostrato come migliori relazioni, mediate da una serie di variabili psicologiche individuali, vadano ad influenzare positivamente il benessere psicologico di giovani calciatori, e quindi secondo l'ipotesi del lavoro, il loro efficace sviluppo come atleti. / the work explored talent development in sport following a psychosocial approach. It has two main aims: the first was to explore literature on talent development in sport to identify theories that better support psychosocial approach to talent development. the second aim was to study empirically how relationship impact on psychological wellbeing of young talented athletes, hypotesizing that it describes a particularly effective ground breaking condition for the development of potentiality. Research finds support for psychosocial approach to talent development in many theories on talent development, and next to this it also show how having positive relationship impact on psychological wellbeing thanks to the mediation effect of psychological characteristics and consequently of athletes' potential.

Doctor of philosophy (PhD) / Abstract As one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world, Australia has a high proportion of minority communities. However, its ageing population, particularly within these ethnic minorities, faces a range of barriers or difficulties in gaining access to and using health and aged care services. This study aims to identify the acculturation factors that affect the health status of Iranian-born elderly immigrants to Australia and their utilisation of health and community aged care services. The results of this study will be of value to Iranian elders, their families, and Australian aged health care service providers. The findings could also contribute towards enriched multicultural policy and improved social fairness, access to services, and equity for the aged from different ethnic backgrounds. 302 Iranian migrants aged 65 years who had lived in the Sydney Metropolitan area for at least six months were surveyed via a written questionnaire, face-to-face interviews, and telephone interviews. The results were analysed using SPSS and then compared to the findings from a 1999 survey of NSW elderly. The results indicate that Iranian migrants suffer higher levels of psychological distress and are more limited in their physical functioning than the general population of older Australians. They are in greater need of assistance with activities of daily living, have a lower sense of wellbeing, and are far less likely to utilise aged care services. Iranian migrant who do not speak English at home experience these disadvantages to an even greater extent English language proficiency was the only acculturation factor found to affect whether Iranian elderly utilised health and community aged care services, while ability to engage in activities of daily living (ADL) was the only health variable associated with their utilisation of community supportive aged care services. This variable did not predict the use of community aged care services in the broader sample of NSW respondents. Since limited proficiency in English placed elderly Iranian migrants at greater health risk and impeded their access to necessary assistance, the findings suggest that they would clearly benefit from English classes and from access to health and community care services and information regarding these services in the Farsi language.

Doctor of philosophy (PhD) / Abstract As one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world, Australia has a high proportion of minority communities. However, its ageing population, particularly within these ethnic minorities, faces a range of barriers or difficulties in gaining access to and using health and aged care services. This study aims to identify the acculturation factors that affect the health status of Iranian-born elderly immigrants to Australia and their utilisation of health and community aged care services. The results of this study will be of value to Iranian elders, their families, and Australian aged health care service providers. The findings could also contribute towards enriched multicultural policy and improved social fairness, access to services, and equity for the aged from different ethnic backgrounds. 302 Iranian migrants aged 65 years who had lived in the Sydney Metropolitan area for at least six months were surveyed via a written questionnaire, face-to-face interviews, and telephone interviews. The results were analysed using SPSS and then compared to the findings from a 1999 survey of NSW elderly. The results indicate that Iranian migrants suffer higher levels of psychological distress and are more limited in their physical functioning than the general population of older Australians. They are in greater need of assistance with activities of daily living, have a lower sense of wellbeing, and are far less likely to utilise aged care services. Iranian migrant who do not speak English at home experience these disadvantages to an even greater extent English language proficiency was the only acculturation factor found to affect whether Iranian elderly utilised health and community aged care services, while ability to engage in activities of daily living (ADL) was the only health variable associated with their utilisation of community supportive aged care services. This variable did not predict the use of community aged care services in the broader sample of NSW respondents. Since limited proficiency in English placed elderly Iranian migrants at greater health risk and impeded their access to necessary assistance, the findings suggest that they would clearly benefit from English classes and from access to health and community care services and information regarding these services in the Farsi language.

Aggression has many faces in sport. For this reason, it is a complex but fascinating field for studying the nature of aggression. All athletes have to control and channel aggression constructively into skill in their sport in order to sustain optimal performance. The purpose of this research was to study aggression in sport and determine whether aggressive energies can constructively be expressed in the rules of the game and channelled into a powerful and inspiring performance by the athlete. In sport, any type of aggression can transmute into a destructive force that can debilitate and nullify performance. Through this study, the researcher wanted to determine if the participation in Martial Arts can reduce aggression and whether progression in belt rank (beginner, intermediate and advanced) in Martial Arts could cause a gradual decrease in the aggressive behaviour of young adolescents. The researcher also wanted to determine if participation in Martial Arts, other than other types of sports activities (for example, hockey) and those 16 participants absent from any sporting activity, may serve as a deterrent to aggressiveness. A secondary aim was to determine if Martial Arts could be used as a coping strategy for young adolescents to improve their overall mental wellbeing. The core focus of this study is to determine if the participation in Martial Arts (specifically Tae Kwon Do) can reduce aggressive tendencies in young adolescents. The researcher chose Tae Kwon Do from the various Martial Arts styles, because Tae Kwon Do has a very broad combination of traditional components or elements of what any Martial Arts program consist of. It also consists of elements that are incorporated within the program that may have the desired outcome on a participant taking part in such a training program. In Martial Arts, the emphasis is on physical fitness, self-confidence and training in mental control. Most combat activities are usually thought of as providing opportunities for the display of competence and masculinity, the development of self-confidence and a release of tension with the sublimation of aggressive impulses. The term “Martial Arts” will be used throughout this study. The researcher decided on a survey method to carry out this study. Standardised questionnaires were used to determine whether progression in belt rank (beginner, intermediate and advanced) in Martial Arts (group1) could cause a gradual decrease in aggressive behaviour among young adolescents. The results of the analysis of differences between the different levels of Martial Arts showed no statistically significant differences between the levels on all the aggression sub-scales. The personal growth scores, obtained from the responses to the psychological wellbeing questionnaire, were significantly lower for the beginner group than for the other two groups (intermediate and advanced). The results on the psychological wellbeing sub-scales indicated that the personal growth and self-acceptance scores of the Martial Arts group were significantly higher than those of the other two groups (hockey and non-participation). The group that did not participated in any sporting activity, had the lowest scores. Also to be determined was whether Martial Arts could be used as a coping strategy to improve the overall mental health of these adolescents. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / unrestricted