Cette thèse consiste à décrire et à expliquer le système verbal portugais, lequel est un système de représentation dicible du temps sous n signifiés puissanciels, tous différents les uns des autres, qui alternent en circuit fermé. L’explicandum – les faits à expliquer – ce sont, en l’espèce, les paradigmes de conjugaison du verbe, l’inventaire de ses formes sémioplastiques par le menu (radicaux, indices thématiques, affixes, désinences), qui empruntent leur matérialité à la parole et à l’écriture et, de façon complémentaire, les valeurs d’emploi diverses desdites formes dans le discours. L’explicans – le fait explicateur – c’est, en l’espèce, le système opératif, le psychomécanisme qui assemble les signifiés de ces formes et fait de leur réunion un entier cohérent où se totalise le jeu complexe de leur relativité réciproque, et qui n’est du reste un entier que par l’effet de cette totalisation. Il faut bien se persuader que le système n’est pas découvert, reconstitué et, partant, expliqué, aussi longtemps qu’on n’en comprend pas clairement le modus operandi, le psychomécanisme créateur. Dans le cas du système verbal, le psychomécanisme créateur est celui qu’on a dénommé chronogénèse. De là, un ensemble de catégories verbales qui sont toutes d’ordre temporel, hormis celle de la personne cardinale (une catégorie spatiale). Pour autant, la personne cardinale joue un rôle très important dans la chronogénèse par le biais de l’intitulation variable de rang et de dynamie qui lui sont imparties pour s’acquitter convenablement de sa fonction de sujet (/support spatial) de l’événement représenté par le verbe. Aspect, mode, « temps » (plus précisément, temporama), ainsi que personne et « voix » (pour mieux dire, diathèse), ne se référent pas, comme le suggèrent ou l’affirment de nombreux auteurs, à des phénomènes disparates ou, au mieux, faiblement interreliés, mais aux phases internes d’un psychosystème de nature unique dont l’opérativité échappe au contrôle de la conscience des énonciateurs : la chronogénèse. / This dissertation aims at describing and explaining the Portuguese verbal system, which is a system of sayable representations of time consisting of n potential significates, all distinct from one another, which alternate in a closed circuit. The explicandum – the facts to be explained – is, in this case, the paradigms of the conjugation, the overall inventory of its word-signs in detail (stems, inflexions and the like), as they manifest themselves in speech and writing, as well as the diverse senses expressed by these word-signs in discourse. The explicans – the explanatory fact – is, in this particular case, the operative system, the psychomechanism that brings the significates of these forms together in a coherent whole through the interplay of their related senses to express their full purport, which in fact does form a coherent whole only because of the operation that assembles them. The point is that the system cannot be discovered, reconstituted, and hence explained, until one understands its modus operandi, its constructive psychomechanism. In the case of the verb system, the constructive psychomechanism is the one called chronogenesis. It gives rise to a set of verbal categories all of which are temporal, except cardinal person (a spatial category) actualized to give the subject’s rank (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and its degree of control over the accomplishment of the event, thus providing a spatial support for the event signified by the verb. Aspect, mood, tense, as well as person and « voice » (or better, diathesis) do not refer, as it is widely taught or suggested, to disparate phenomena interconnected only in a desultory fashion but rather to different phases of a single psychosystem whose operation is beyond the conscious control of speakers: chronogenesis. / Esta tese visa descrever e explicar o sistema verbal português, que é um sistema de representação dizível do tempo através de n significados potenciais, todos diferentes uns dos outros, que alternam em circuito fechado. O explicandum – os factos a explicar – são, neste particular, os paradigmas de conjugação do verbo, o inventário das suas formas semioplásticas examinadas em pormenor (radicais, índices temáticos, afixos, desinências), tal como se manifestam na fala e na escrita, e, de maneira complementar, os diversos sentidos que as ditas formas expressam no discurso. O explicans – o facto explicador – é, neste particular, o sistema operativo, o psicomecanismo que agrupa os significados dessas formas e que faz da sua reunião um todo coerente onde se totaliza o jogo complexo da sua relação recíproca, e que só forma aliás um todo coerente graças a esse efeito de totalização. Há que ter em consideração que o sistema só pode ser descoberto, reconstituído, e por conseguinte explicado, quando se compreende claramente o seu modus operandi, o seu psicomecanismo criador. No caso do sistema verbal, o psicomecanismo criador recebeu o nome, bem apropriado, de cronogénese. Daí, um conjunto de categorias verbais que são todas de ordem temporal, excepto a de pessoa cardinal (uma categoria espacial). Não obstante, a pessoa cardinal desempenha um importantíssimo papel na cronogénese, em virtude da intitulação variável de escalão e de dinamia que recebe para cumprir a preceito a sua função de sujeito (/suporte espacial) do acontecimento representado pelo verbo. Aspecto, modo, « tempo » (mais precisamente, temporama), assim como pessoa e « voz » (melhor dizendo, diátese), não se referem, como tem sido frequentemente ensinado ou sugerido, a fenómenos avulsos ou, no melhor dos casos, frouxamente interligados, mas às fases internas de um único psicossistema cuja operatividade escapa ao controlo da consciência dos enunciadores: a cronogénese.

Cette thèse étudie la polysémie du pronom on dans une perspective contrastive français-arabe. L’objectif de cette étude consiste à résoudre le problème de l’irrégularité dans la traduction arabe de on. Ce problème provient d’une variété d’emplois contradictoires de on en français, d’où sa polysémie. La polysémie de on a été examinée d’après le modèle interprétatif de la psychomécanique du langage de Gustave Guillaume complété par une approche énonciative. Ce cadre théorique a révélé comment, par une remontée vers l’ontogénèse de on, ce dernier est devenu un pronom intra-verbal malgré son origine substantivale. Par ailleurs, il est fait usage du Tenseur Binaire Radical (TBR) qui représente le signifié de puissance de on en langue. Ce signifié de puissance est illustré par un double mouvement qui va d’une pluralité indéfinie à une pluralité indéterminée, le point de transition étant moi-locuteur. Ainsi, le signifié de puissance de on a permis d’identifier et d’ordonner 13 signifiés d’effet, en tenant compte de la catégorie du nombre et de la notion de personne. Ces critères permettent de distinguer entre les valeurs de la 3e personne, celles de la personne 4 et les valeurs discursives d’un côté, et les effets de sens de l’autre. Mais pour traduire on, l’analyse contrastive du corpus bilingue a révélé que les traducteurs privilégient plutôt les effets de sens véhiculés par ce pronom. L’étude se termine donc par une proposition d’un ensemble de correspondants arabes pour chacun des 13 signifiés d’effet de on. Enfin, pour que la traduction de ce pronom soit adéquate, il faut que le groupe on + verbe soit considéré comme une unité de traduction. / This dissertation examines the polysemy of the pronoun on from a contrastive, French-Arabic perspective. The objective of the study is to resolve a problem of irregularity in most Arabic translations of on. This problem seems to be rooted in the variety of contradictory usage of on in French which reflects its polysemy. The polysemy of on was examined through Gustave Guillaume’s interpretative model of psychomechanics of language. Then, an enunciative approach was employed to complement the theoretical framework. As a result, the ontogenesis of on revealed how the pronoun became intra-verbal, despite its substantive etymology. Moreover, the study employed the Radical Binary Tensor that represents the potential meaning of on in tongue. This potential meaning is illustrated by a double movement: from an indefinite plurality to an indeterminate plurality, where the point of transition is moi-locuteur. Further, the obtained potential meaning facilitated the identification, and ordination, of 13 effective meanings for on by taking into consideration the notion of person and the category of number. Those criteria distinguish between the values of the 3rd person, person 4, and the discursive values on one hand, and the expressive effects on the other. The contrastive analysis of a bilingual corpus revealed a preference on the part of translators to deal with on based on its expressive effects. Finally, the study proposed a set of Arabic correspondents to each of on’s 13 effective meanings. Ultimately, the research concluded that an accurate translation of on can only be possible by considering the group on + verb as a unit of translation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana E S Mennucci.pdf: 443670 bytes, checksum: 014c895f99e43904481117d01b5f4ff0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-18 / In this dissertation I proceeded from the certification of the difficulty imposed by the standard psychoanalytic practice in the treatment of patients with feeding problems, to obtain positive results in the patient s relationship with his or her feeding, which would oblige me to introduce changes to the technique to the treatment of these patients. I sought, therefore, to study the field of feeding and the consequent feeding problems, which permitted me to enter some of the rules constituting this field such as: the social conditions of the production of symptoms, the diet mentality, the psychomechanics and the psychodynamics of feeding. Another route followed was of a search for legitimization in the changes of technique by penetrating the difference between techniques and psychoanalytic method. Maintaining in the background the studies of Susan Orbach, I took as a hypothesis that the diet mentality is a cause for great part of feeding problems and not their cure. I had to sustain myself in systematic readings about psychoanalysis, gastronomy and anthropology of feeding, as well as proceeding to the systematic study of the Multiple Fields Theory in the thematic of the psychoanalysis of the quotidian. Thus, in the course of this dissertation it became increasingly clearer that, as some of the rules of the field were revealed, specifically of the diet mentality, the route that favors an autonomy of feeding possible to the patient could be reached by the utilization of an active technique capable of touching the pure act regime that conforms the diet mentality. In this way, I could also organize the results of the reflection about my clinical work and in the conclusion that the diet mentality is both cause and consequence of a great part of feeding problems. It alienates the man of the contemporary world from the vital signs of feeding. To this man, the act of feeding, regulated by the pure act regime, ceases to be a personal decision, becomes imposed from the outside and turns into the meaning that would previously be attributed by thought / Nesta dissertação, parti da constatação da dificuldade enfrentada pela clínica psicanalítica padrão no atendimento a pacientes com problemas alimentares. Em minha clínica, para obter resultados positivos na relação do paciente com sua alimentação, via-me freqüentemente obrigada a introduzir mudanças de técnica no atendimento desses pacientes. Procurei, então, estudar o campo da alimentação e os conseqüentes problemas alimentares, o que me permitiu adentrar algumas de suas regras constitutivas, como: as condições sociais da produção dos sintomas, a mentalidade de dieta, a psicomecânica e a psicodinâmica alimentar. Outro caminho seguido foi o da busca de legitimação nas mudanças de técnica pela problematização da diferença entre técnicas e método da psicanálise. Tendo por pano de fundo os estudos de Susan Orbach, pude tomar como hipótese ser a mentalidade de dieta a causa de grande parte dos problemas alimentares, e não sua cura. Precisei amparar-me em leituras constantes sobre psicanálise, gastronomia e antropologia da alimentação, além de proceder ao estudo sistemático da Teoria dos Campos no tema da psicanálise do quotidiano. Assim, no discorrer da dissertação, foi-se tornando mais claro que, ao se revelarem algumas regras do campo da alimentaçao especificamente da mentalidade de dieta, abre-se o caminho favorecedor da possibilidade de uma autonomia alimentar para o paciente, a qual pôde ser alcançada pela utilização de uma técnica ativa capaz de tocar o regime do ato puro que conforma a mentalidade de dieta. Dessa forma, pude também organizar os resultados da reflexão sobre meu trabalho clínico na conclusão de que a mentalidade de dieta é causa e conseqüência de grande parte dos problemas alimentares. Ela aliena o homem contemporâneo dos sinais vitais da alimentação. Para esse homem, o ato de alimentar-se, regulado pelo regime do ato puro, deixa de ser uma decisão pessoal, impõe-se de fora e passa a ser o sentido que lhe seria previamente atribuído pelo pensamento

La question du système des morphèmes de la négation simple ou composée en français suscite depuis toujours l’intérêt de la linguistique mais reste traitée de manière fluctuante par la linguistique diachronique qui l’étudie de façon inégale selon les périodes de l’histoire du français. En effet, concernant la période préclassique (1550-1630), si cette question est régulièrement abordée, aucune étude approfondie et détaillée du système de la négation n’existe à ce jour. Ainsi, ce travail s’inscrit au croisement d’une double visée de la recherche en linguistique : d’une part, celle d’un éclairage nouveau sur la question des marques grammaticales de la négation en français ; d’autre part, celle d’une réactualisation des questionnements sur la langue préclassique qui, longtemps négligée, jouit depuis une vingtaine d’années d’un regain d’intérêt croissant. La finalité de cette étude est de proposer une description précise de l’organisation et du fonctionnement du système des signes grammaticaux de la négation simple et de la négation composée (non, ne, ne…pas, ne…point, ne…jamais, etc.) à travers leurs divers emplois et leurs jeux de concurrence, tels qu’ils apparaissent dans un vaste corpus de textes de la période préclassique (1550-1630). Les méthodes de la morphosyntaxe et de la sémantique se sont avérées ici tout à fait adéquates, tout comme le cadre théorique de la psychomécanique du langage dont les postulats permettent de traiter en profondeur les enjeux et les subtilités impliqués par cette recherche. / The issue of simple and compound negation morphemes system in French language has always attracted a lot of interest. However, diachronic linguistics tackles this question in an uneven way according to different periods of French language’s history. Thus, although it is regularly mentioned, no detailed study about system of negation in pre-Classical French (1550-1630) exists so far.Therefore, this work has dual benefits for linguistics research: on the one hand it sheds a new light on the question of grammatical markers of negation in French; on the other hand it renews questions on the pre-Classical French language, which has been a topic of growing interest over the last two decades.The goal of this research is first to offer a detailed description of the organisation and operation of the system of simple and compound negation grammatical markers (non, ne, ne…pas, ne…point, ne…jamais, etc.) according to their different usages as they appear in a large text corpus of pre-Classical period (1550-1630). Their competition is also investigated. Morphosyntax and semantic methods turned out to be very efficient, as well as the theoretical framework of language psychomecanics whose postulates allow an in depth analysis of the issues and intricacies involved in this research.