Five experiments were carried out to discover whether there is a subjective enhancement of temporal contours analogous to the Mach band effects in spatial vision. A transient overshoot in the incremental threshold occurred immediately after the crest of rising linear ramps at photopic levels. A psychophysical matching experiment verified that this peaking effect is perceived as a bright pulse and can be considered the temporal equivalent of the bright Mach band. No equivalent of the dark Mach band at the foot of rising linear ramps was found. Rather there was an anticipatory decrease of sensitivity (Crawford effect) at the base of ascending gradients. The magnitude of this effect was directly proportional to the rate of change of the stimulus at photopic levels. Data from descending ramps was less simple to interpret. A small rise in incremental threshold was sometimes observed at the crest of ramps, but this effect was much less pronounced than the peak at the crest of equivalent ascending ramps. Matching procedures located troughs at the foot of descending ramps which correspond to the dark spatial Mach band. This effect was less apparent when incremental threshold techniques were employed. An experiment using exponential rather than linear change in luminance over time gave results in general accord with the above. The Crawford effect was found to follow the Bunsen-Roscoe Law. It was found that the transient undershoot and overshoot effects were related to the rate of change rather than the actual form of the ramp when the rate of change was greater than about 300mL per second. Impulse responses were derived by differentiating step responses. Ascending steps generated a biphasic impulse response and descending steps give a triphasic unit impulse response. This lack of equivalence over conditions is diagnostic of system nonlinearity. Fourier analysis of the impulse responses showed equivalent spectral components and lowpass filter action in each case, indicating change in gain and phasing rather than time constants occur between 'on' and 'off' conditions. The system was shown to be quasilinear within conditions since linear convolution of the impulse responses with appropriate ramps generated functions that were a fair approximation to the psychophysical response to such ramps. The relationship between the impulse response and the spatial equivalent line spread function was discussed and the similarity of the impulse responses to dynamic changes in sensitivity inferred from results of masking experiments pointed out. The results were then considered in relation to a multichannel model for processing spatiotemporal information.

Five experiments were carried out to discover whether there is a subjective enhancement of temporal contours analogous to the Mach band effects in spatial vision. A transient overshoot in the incremental threshold occurred immediately after the crest of rising linear ramps at photopic levels. A psychophysical matching experiment verified that this peaking effect is perceived as a bright pulse and can be considered the temporal equivalent of the bright Mach band. No equivalent of the dark Mach band at the foot of rising linear ramps was found. Rather there was an anticipatory decrease of sensitivity (Crawford effect) at the base of ascending gradients. The magnitude of this effect was directly proportional to the rate of change of the stimulus at photopic levels. Data from descending ramps was less simple to interpret. A small rise in incremental threshold was sometimes observed at the crest of ramps, but this effect was much less pronounced than the peak at the crest of equivalent ascending ramps. Matching procedures located troughs at the foot of descending ramps which correspond to the dark spatial Mach band. This effect was less apparent when incremental threshold techniques were employed. An experiment using exponential rather than linear change in luminance over time gave results in general accord with the above. The Crawford effect was found to follow the Bunsen-Roscoe Law. It was found that the transient undershoot and overshoot effects were related to the rate of change rather than the actual form of the ramp when the rate of change was greater than about 300mL per second. Impulse responses were derived by differentiating step responses. Ascending steps generated a biphasic impulse response and descending steps give a triphasic unit impulse response. This lack of equivalence over conditions is diagnostic of system nonlinearity. Fourier analysis of the impulse responses showed equivalent spectral components and lowpass filter action in each case, indicating change in gain and phasing rather than time constants occur between 'on' and 'off' conditions. The system was shown to be quasilinear within conditions since linear convolution of the impulse responses with appropriate ramps generated functions that were a fair approximation to the psychophysical response to such ramps. The relationship between the impulse response and the spatial equivalent line spread function was discussed and the similarity of the impulse responses to dynamic changes in sensitivity inferred from results of masking experiments pointed out. The results were then considered in relation to a multichannel model for processing spatiotemporal information.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Toronto, 2006. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-06, page: 2503.

Five experiments were carried out to discover whether there is a subjective enhancement of temporal contours analogous to the Mach band effects in spatial vision. A transient overshoot in the incremental threshold occurred immediately after the crest of rising linear ramps at photopic levels. A psychophysical matching experiment verified that this peaking effect is perceived as a bright pulse and can be considered the temporal equivalent of the bright Mach band. No equivalent of the dark Mach band at the foot of rising linear ramps was found. Rather there was an anticipatory decrease of sensitivity (Crawford effect) at the base of ascending gradients. The magnitude of this effect was directly proportional to the rate of change of the stimulus at photopic levels. Data from descending ramps was less simple to interpret. A small rise in incremental threshold was sometimes observed at the crest of ramps, but this effect was much less pronounced than the peak at the crest of equivalent ascending ramps. Matching procedures located troughs at the foot of descending ramps which correspond to the dark spatial Mach band. This effect was less apparent when incremental threshold techniques were employed. An experiment using exponential rather than linear change in luminance over time gave results in general accord with the above. The Crawford effect was found to follow the Bunsen-Roscoe Law. It was found that the transient undershoot and overshoot effects were related to the rate of change rather than the actual form of the ramp when the rate of change was greater than about 300mL per second. Impulse responses were derived by differentiating step responses. Ascending steps generated a biphasic impulse response and descending steps give a triphasic unit impulse response. This lack of equivalence over conditions is diagnostic of system nonlinearity. Fourier analysis of the impulse responses showed equivalent spectral components and lowpass filter action in each case, indicating change in gain and phasing rather than time constants occur between 'on' and 'off' conditions. The system was shown to be quasilinear within conditions since linear convolution of the impulse responses with appropriate ramps generated functions that were a fair approximation to the psychophysical response to such ramps. The relationship between the impulse response and the spatial equivalent line spread function was discussed and the similarity of the impulse responses to dynamic changes in sensitivity inferred from results of masking experiments pointed out. The results were then considered in relation to a multichannel model for processing spatiotemporal information.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4346673 bytes, checksum: fd998db4f71e5b25e2e51345d6f03360 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Linalool oxide (OXL) is a monoterpene, monocyclic alcohol, which has pleasant odor and can be found in essential oils of some aromatic plants. It can also be obtained from linalool by natural oxidation or synthetic processes. The lack of research on possible pharmacological activities of OXL encouraged this work that had as main objective the assessment of anxiolytic-like and antinociceptive-like activities of OXL on male Swiss mice. Initially was investigated the 50% lethal dose (LD50) of OXL in order to establish safe doses and concentrations for subsequent tests. The OXL was used in the experiments at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.) and at concentrations of 0.65%, 1.25%, 2.5% and 5.0% by inhalation (INH). In order to investigate the profile of action of this monoterpene on central nervous system, general tests such as behavior pharmacological screening and rotarod test were performed. During the screening, analgesia was the main effect observed in animals treated with OXL i.p. or by INH route. Inhaled OXL also increases rearing and climbing behavior in animals. In rotarod test OXL i.p. or INH caused no motor impairments in mice. In specific tests, inhaled OXL presented a profile of anxiolytic drug by increasing the time spent in open arms of elevated plus maze and increasing the time spent in the brightly-lit chamber of the light/dark box. The standard drug used in these animal models of anxiety was diazepam. OXL i.p. showed a profile of antinociceptive drug, decreasing the number of abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid and decreasing the time spent by the animals licking the injected paw in both observation phases of the formalin test. In these tests, morphine was used as standard drug. Pharmacological tools such as naloxone, atropine, sulpiride and caffeine were used to attempt elucidate the mechanism involved in the antinociceptive effect of OXL. Sulpiride and naloxone reversed this antinociceptive effect in the first phase of the formalin test, and caffeine in both phases, suggesting the involvement of opioid, dopaminergic and adenosinic transmissions in the antinociceptive action. The development of this thesis has presented preliminary findings of OXL psychopharmacological activity. Further investigations with this monoterpene can lead to the future development of a new drug or molecule with greater potency and selectivity. / O óxido de linalol (OXL) é um monoterpeno, álcool monocíclico, de odor agradável, que pode ser encontrado em óleos essenciais de algumas plantas aromáticas. Pode também ser obtido, a partir do linalol, por oxidação natural ou processos sintéticos. A ausência de pesquisas sobre as possíveis atividades farmacológicas do OXL incentivou à realização deste traballho, que teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade ansiolítica e antinociceptiva do OXL em camundongos Swiss machos. Inicialmente, foi realizada a pesquisa da dose letal 50 (DL50) do OXL, no intuito de estabelecer doses e concentrações relativamente seguras para os testes subsequentes. O OXL foi utilizado nos experimentos nas doses de 50, 100 e 150 mg/kg, pela via intraperitoneal (i.p.) e nas concentrações de 0,65%, 1,25%, 2,5% e 5,0%, pela via inalatória (v.i.). Para investigar o perfil de ação deste monoterpeno no sistema nervoso central foram realizados testes gerais como triagem farmacológica comportamental e teste da barra giratória. Durante a triagem, a analgesia foi o principal efeito observado nos animais tratados com OXL i.p. e v.i. Houve também aumento nos comportamentos de levantar e escalar nos animais que inalaram OXL. No teste da barra giratória foi observado que o OXL i.p. e v.i. não causou prejuízos à coordenação motora dos animais. Durante a realização de testes específicos, o OXL v.i., apresentou um perfil de droga ansiolítica, aumentando o tempo de permanência dos animais nos braços abertos do labirinto em cruz elevado e no compartimento iluminado do aparelho de claro-escuro. A droga padrão utilizada nesses modelos animais de ansiedade foi o diazepam. O OXL i.p. apresentou um perfil de droga antinociceptiva, diminuindo o número de contorções abdominais induzidas pelo ácido acético e o tempo de lambida da pata dos animais, nas duas fases de observação do teste da formalina. Nestes testes, a morfina foi usada como droga padrão. Para tentar elucidar o mecanismo envolvido no efeito antinociceptivo do OXL foram usadas ferramentas farmacológicas como naloxona, atropina, sulpirida e cafeína. O efeito antinociceptivo do OXL foi revertido pela naloxona e sulpirida na primeira fase do teste da formalina, e pela cafeína, em ambas as fases, sugerido o envolvimento de transmissão opióde, dopaminérgica e adenosínica na ação antinociceptiva. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho apresentou descobertas preliminares de atividades psicofarmacológicas do OXL. Outras investigações com este monoterpeno podem levar, no futuro, ao desenvolvimento de um novo medicamento ou nova molécula com maior potência e seletividade.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 884408 bytes, checksum: 448afd42d1cb8f67ef7beee9503e0735 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky popularly know as malvaísco is a plant which belongs to the Malvaceae family. There aren t many reports about H. crispa, however, steroids, flavonoids and glycosidic flavonoids with pharmacological activity have been isolated from this species. Other species of Malvaceae have been used in traditional medicine and many studies have shown activities such as anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, diuretic and others. The aim of this work was to evaluate a possible psychopharmacological activity of H. crispa ethanolic crude extract (EEHc) performing a central nervous system (CNS) investigation in mice. Initially, behavioral pharmacological screening was performed to assess the possible effect of EEHc on the nervous system. Some behavioral changes were observed similar to that of CNS depressant drugs in treated mice. No death was observed 72 hours after treatment with EEHc, nor toxic signs on the highest dose (2000 mg/Kg, i.p.). Therefore we established the doses 500 or 800 mg/kg to perform the pharmacological tests. None of the two doses reduced the time of permanence of mice on a rota-rod revolving bar. On the open-field test, both doses of EEHc significantly reduced ambulation, rearing and defecation, suggesting a profile that resembles hypnotic-sedative drugs. The EEHc treatment did not affect grooming. There were no differences between the control group and the EEHc treated groups when mice were tested for differences in anxiety-related behavior on the elevated plus maze or electroshock- induced tonic convulsions triggered by auricular shock, suggesting that EEHc does not have anxiolytic or anticonvulsant effects. Both doses of EEHc significantly increased the duration of sleeping time induced by sodium thiopental but failed to increase the latency of thiopental-induced hypnosis. Regarding the antinociceptive tests, EEHc significantly reduced acetic acid-induced abdominal writhes in a non dose-dependent manner. EEHc at 500 mg/kg also significantly reduced the hot-plate latency time only 60 minutes after treatment. In the formalin test, EEHc at 500 mg/kg was only able to reduce licking paw time in the first phase of the test. EEHc at the dose of 800 mg/kg reduced licking paw time the first and second phases. These results support the evidence of a central antinociceptive action. In order to confirm the central antinociceptive activity of EEHc, mice were treated with naloxona, an opioid antagonist, and them submitted to formalin test. Since the effect of the EEHc was not reverted by naloxone is excluded the participation of the opioid system in the mechanism of this activity. Therefore, an results suggest that EEHc presented evidences a sedativehypnotic drug profile with central non-opioid antinociceptive activity. / A espécie Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky, popularmente conhecida como malvaísco, é uma planta pertencente à família Malvaceae. Não há muitos relatos sobre H. crispa na literatura, no entanto, esteróides, flavonóides e glicosídeos flavonoídicos com atividades comprovadas foram isolados desta planta. Outras espécies da família Malvaceae são usadas na medicina tradicional e estudos comprovaram atividades anti-inflamatórias, antinociceptivas, diuréticas, entre outras. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar as possíveis ações psicofarmacológicas do extrato etanólico de Herissantia crispa (EEHc), pela investigação de seus efeitos no sistema nervoso central (SNC), em camundongos. Inicialmente, foi realizada a triagem farmacológica comportamental, para verificar o possível efeito do EEHc no sistema nervoso. Algumas alterações comportamentais semelhantes às de drogas depressoras do SNC foram observadas nos camundongos tratados, tais como, redução da ambulação e pequeno grau de ptose. Nas 72 horas seguintes não houve morte dos animais, nem presença de sinais tóxicos na maior dose possível (2000 mg/kg i.p), sendo estabelecidas as doses de 500 e 800 mg/kg para os testes subsequentes. Nenhuma das doses testadas do EEHc diminuíram o tempo de permanência dos animais na barra giratória no teste do rota-rod. No teste do campo aberto, as duas doses testadas do EEHc diminuíram significativamente a ambulação, o comportamento de levantar e a defecação, sugerindo perfil semelhante ao de drogas sedativo-hipnóticas. O comportamento de autolimpeza não foi alterado por nenhuma dose. O tratamento dos animais com o EEHc nas doses testadas não alteraram seu comportamento no teste do labirinto em cruz elevado e também não protegeram os animais contra as convulsões induzidas pelo eletrochoque auricular, descartando-se os efeitos ansiolítico e anticonvulsivante, respectivamente. As doses de 500 e 800 mg/kg do EEHc induziram significante potencialização do tempo do sono induzido pelo tiopental, no entanto, não alteraram a latência de indução do sono, característica semelhante à de drogas sedativa-hipnóticas. Na avaliação da atividade antinociceptiva, o EEHC reduziu significativamente o número de contorções abdominais, evidenciando atividade antinociceptiva. Tal efeito não foi dose dependente, pois foi mais pronunciado na dose de 500mg/kg do que na dose de 800mg/kg. No teste da placa quente o EEHc aumentou o tempo de latência ao estímulo térmico apenas na dose de 500 mg/kg, 60 minutos após o tratamento. No teste da formalina, o EEHc na dose de 500 mk/kg só foi capaz de reduzir o tempo de lambida na primeira fase do teste, mas a dose de 800 mg/kg reduziu o tempo de lambida da pata na primeira e segunda fase do teste , confirmando assim o efeito antinociceptivo de ação central. Para detalhar essa atividade antinociceptiva, realizou-se o teste da formalina submetendo os animais a um tratamento prévio com a naloxona, um antagonista opióide, no entanto, o efeito antinociceptivo não foi revertido, excluindo assim a participação do sistema opióide no mecanismo desta atividade. Portanto, baseado nos resultados obtidos no presente estudo, o EEHC apresentou características de drogas com perfil sedativo-hipnótico e atividade antinociceptiva central, sem participação do sistema opióide.

Orientador: Fernando Bastos / Banca: Maria Helena Salgado Bagnato / Banca: Cláudio Bertolli Filho / Resumo: Apresentam-se as condições em que se desenvolve, em vinte e sete escolas públicas do município de Bauru, no âmbito do ensino de biologia e programas de saúde, a transmissão de conhecimentos relativos à prevenção do uso indevido de substância psicoativas. Estas condições referem-se ao cabedal de conhecimentos de que dispõem os professores, como fruto dos cursos de graduação, os conteúdos de aprendizagem tratados em sala de aula, as questões polêmicas que mais frequentemente surgem durante o ensino do tema e as atitudes adotadas pelos docentes no enfrentamento destas questões, como o objetivo de conhecer as repercussões de todo esse contexto no preparo dos estudantes para atuarem socialmente, dentro de um sentido de cidadania plena. Integra o trabalho um conjunto de conteúdos de aprendizagem, que embora destinado aos professores de biologia, não descura da interdisciplinaridade, visando a um processo de ensino/aprendizagem em sentido amplo e com repercussões positivas na vertente social / Abstract: This research presents the conditions in which the dissemination of knowledge concerning the prevention of improper use of psychoactive substances is developed in twenty-seven public schools in the city of Bauru, in the field of biology and health programs teaching. Such conditions are related to the fund of knowledge the teachers have, as a result of undergraduate courses, learning contents dealt with in the classroom, polemical issues which arise most frequently during the subject teaching and the attitudes adopted by the teachers to face these issues. Our purpose is to know the repercussions of this context in the formation of the students to act in society, in a sense of full citizenship. It is part of the research a set of learning contents that even though is intended for biology teachers does not neglect interdisciplinarity, aiming at a process of teaching/learning in a broad sense and with positive repercussions in the social bias / Mestre

Orientadora: Profª Drª Paula Ayako Tiba / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociência e Cognição, 2014. / A ayahuasca é um bebida de origem indígena amplamente utilizado em rituais xamânicos, cerimônias de cura e práticas místico-religiosas na América do Sul. Sua preparação é feita, em geral, a partir da decocção de duas plantas nativas da região amazônica, a Banisteriopsis caapi ePsychotria viridis. A N,N-dimetiltriptamina e as beta-carbolinas (tetrahidroharmina, harmina e harmalina) são os principais componentes psicoativos do chá e agem de maneira difusa no Sistema Nervoso Central. Dentre os efeitos da ayahuasca constam relatos de atenuação de comportamentos nocivos como abuso de drogas e conflitos familiares, além de melhora nas relações sociais. Uma das formas de estudar a interação social é determinar a habilidade de identificar expressões emocionais de faces. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a identificação de emoções faciais por usuários de ayahuasca fora do contexto ritualístico, de modo a determinar se seus efeitos psicológicos resultam apenas da ação farmacológica do chá. Para tanto, foram estudados 17 usuários saudáveis experientes no uso da ayahuasca de ambos os sexos. Os voluntários participaram de duas sessões experimentais, antes e cinco horas depois de passarem pela experiência com ayahuasca. Os estímulos (fotografias do conjunto NimStim) foram apresentados na tela de um computador e consistiram de faces que expressam 6 emoções (felicidade, tristeza, medo, nojo, raiva e surpresa) que foram fundidas com expressões neutras com o uso de um programa específico, de modo que foram apresentadas faces com 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% das emoções máximas. Os participantes deveriam indicar qual a emoção de cadaface e quanto da emoção indicada percebiam usando uma escala analógica visual, a fim de que pudéssemos determinar erros na identificação de expressões faciais bem como alterações na intensidade das emoções percebidas. Foram avaliadas por meio de questionário eventuais alterações de humor, que poderiam interferir na identificação de expressões faciais. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as sessões experimentais na acurácia dos voluntários para identificar tristeza, o que pode estar relacionado com a melhora no comportamento social e com a perspectiva otimista que os usuários regulares de ayahuasca relataram em estudos anteriores. / Ayahuasca is an indigenous beverage widely used in shamanic rituals, healing cerimonies and mystical practices in South America. The decoction is prepared using two species of plants, specially Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis. The main psychoactive principles are N,Ndimethyltryptamine and beta-carbolines (tetrahydroharmine, harmine and harmaline) and they have a wide range of effects in the Central Nervous System. Among the reported effects of ayahuasca are reduction of harmful behavior such as drug abuse and family conflicts, and also the improvement insocial relations. One way of assessing social interactions is to determine people¿s ability to identify emotional facial expressions. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the identification of facial emotion expressions in ayahuasca users out of the ritualistic context so as to determine whether the alleged social alterations result from the pharmacological activity of the tea. To this end, 17 experienced and healthy ayahuasca users of both genders were studied. The volunteers took part of two experimental sessions, before and five hours after going through an experience with ayahuasca. The stimuli (pictures of the NimStim set) were presented on a computer screen and consisted of faces expressing the 6 basic emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger and surprise) which were morphed with neutral expressions so as to result in faces showing 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the maximum emotion. The participants had to indicate which emotion each face expresses and how much emotion they attribute tothe face using a visual analogue scale. This enabled the determination of errors of emotional identification as well as possible changes in the intensity of the detected emotions. Mood alterations were also determined as they could have interfered with identification of facial expressions. Significantdifferences were observed between the sessions regarding the accuracy of the volunteers to identify sadness, which could be related with the improvement in social behavior and the optimistic perspective that the regular users of ayahuasca reported on previous studies.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cardia_e_dr_bauru.pdf: 1994441 bytes, checksum: ed9387fdc137aca6c1eed478ce1d951b (MD5) / A atuação dos professores de Ciências e Biologia na prevenção educacional do abuso de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) recorre necessariamente a um processo de aquisição de saberes relacionados com psicofarmacologia e toxicologia, disciplinas atualmente não disponibilizadas na formação inicial desses docentes. Estuda-se o papel desenhado para o sistema educacional no que se refere às metas de prevenção ao abuso de drogas pela nova estrutura legislativa e pelos recentes posicionamentos dos tribunais nos casos que envolvem esta problemática orientando-o fortemente a ser tratado sob a ótica da educação onde um dos atores principais é o professor. Incumbidos dessa especial responsabilidade, de elevada complexidade, se despreparados, esses professores serão obstatos de realizá-la com eficiência e eficácia. As questões respondidas nesta tese fixaram-se em elucidar os aspectos da necessidade e de como capacitar professores daquelas disciplinas para atuarem dentro das escolas como profissionais da prevenção ao uso abusivo de substâncias psicoativas (SPA). Concebeu-se um corpo de conhecimentos comportando os saberes científico e da educação para a saúde, cuidando-se que os docentes devam contemplar os aspectos emocional e racional que a abordagem do tema exige. A pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa foi aplicada junto a duas turmas de licenciandos concluintes do Curso de Ciências Biológicas da Faculdade de Ciência da UNESP-Bauru, durante dois semestres, aferindo-se os conhecimentos e concepções pré-existentes e os apropriados após a implementação da capacitação. A capacitação incluiu conhecimentos dos aspectos legais aplicáveis ao setor educacional e de Direito Penal, Processual Penal, práticos e relacionados com questões polêmicas passíveis de confrontação pelos docentes, em sala de aula. Estudou-se... / The performing of teachers of science and biology in the educational prevention of psychoactive substances (SPA) abuse necessarily uses a process of acquiring knowledge related to psychopharmacology, toxicoloy, subjects not currently available in the initial formation of teachers. This study reveals the role designed for the educational system with regard to the goals of prevention of drug abuse by the new legislative structure and the placement of the courts in recent cases involving this issue, advising it strongly to be treated from the perspective of education where one of the main actors is the teacher. Taking in consideration that this is a task of special responsibility and high complexity, if unprepared, these teachers will be hindered to do so with efficiency and effectiveness. The questions answered in this thesis were set up to elucidate the necessity's aspects to teacher's formations to work as professionals within the schools to prevent the abuse of psychoactive substances (SPA). It was conceive a knowledge's frame including scientific knowledge and health education, taking care to that teachers contemplate the emotional and rational aspects required by the subject approaching. The search of qualitative approach was applied among two classes of ending degree students of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, UNESP-Bauru, for two semesters, checking up their knowledge and pre-existing conceptions and acquired after the implementation of training. The enable proceeding included applicable knowledge of legal aspects for the education, Criminal Law, Criminal Proceeding, and practical issues related to controversial subject of possible confrontation by teachers in the classroom. Was studied the Federal Act Nº 11343 of 8/23/2006, the current drug law. The formation's effectiveness was evaluated along the lines investigated in five state high schools... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-11-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:32:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cardia_e_me_bauru.pdf: 1709549 bytes, checksum: 1aa81857d060ccff7da6d8f0ecedb981 (MD5) / Apresentam-se as condições em que se desenvolve, em vinte e sete escolas públicas do município de Bauru, no âmbito do ensino de biologia e programas de saúde, a transmissão de conhecimentos relativos à prevenção do uso indevido de substância psicoativas. Estas condições referem-se ao cabedal de conhecimentos de que dispõem os professores, como fruto dos cursos de graduação, os conteúdos de aprendizagem tratados em sala de aula, as questões polêmicas que mais frequentemente surgem durante o ensino do tema e as atitudes adotadas pelos docentes no enfrentamento destas questões, como o objetivo de conhecer as repercussões de todo esse contexto no preparo dos estudantes para atuarem socialmente, dentro de um sentido de cidadania plena. Integra o trabalho um conjunto de conteúdos de aprendizagem, que embora destinado aos professores de biologia, não descura da interdisciplinaridade, visando a um processo de ensino/aprendizagem em sentido amplo e com repercussões positivas na vertente social / This research presents the conditions in which the dissemination of knowledge concerning the prevention of improper use of psychoactive substances is developed in twenty-seven public schools in the city of Bauru, in the field of biology and health programs teaching. Such conditions are related to the fund of knowledge the teachers have, as a result of undergraduate courses, learning contents dealt with in the classroom, polemical issues which arise most frequently during the subject teaching and the attitudes adopted by the teachers to face these issues. Our purpose is to know the repercussions of this context in the formation of the students to act in society, in a sense of full citizenship. It is part of the research a set of learning contents that even though is intended for biology teachers does not neglect interdisciplinarity, aiming at a process of teaching/learning in a broad sense and with positive repercussions in the social bias