The Cable Television Channel Planning and Management Regulations, which was promulgated on December 13 in 2004, indicate clearly that each cable station¡¦s third channel is ¡§the public channel¡¨ to practice community people¡¦s ¡§media access rights¡¨. Its major purposes are to protect the freedom of speech, to ensure citizens having channels to express their opinions, and to facilitate the diverse social developments. Theoretically, public access channel should be viewed as the public sphere. Practically, due to the characteristics of local cable television, it is expected to preserve local culture, to educate the local people the functions of regional media, and to contribute to community development. Especially in today Taiwan¡¦s media environment, most media are controlled by the political and business forces and vested interest organizations, the local voice could not be heard in the mainstream media. This survey chose the public accessible channel 3 of the local cable stations in Tainan County (thereinafter referred as Tainan County Third Public Television Service) as study objects. There were three purposes of this study¡Xfirst of all, to understand the current situation of public access channels operated by local cable television stations and how public access channels apply to public affairs; second, to propose the appropriate operational modes for cable television stations by evaluating the difficulties and problems of practicing public affairs; and third, to discuss how public policy could be extend and constructed to create community interaction and hence a citizen society by exploring the interaction between local government and media and analyzing the best operational mode of public access channel. The results of this study indicated that due to the mutual interest structure of politics and businesses, the local government does not fulfill the role of administrator. The responsibility of media to promote civic society was abandoned or fulfilled just merely nominal by the local cable television owners. The channel for public participation is turned back to the communities. Based on the findings of this study, there are two suggestions for policy revision: first, amending the Cable Radio and Television Law and enacting the clauses of rewards and punishments for channel management to ensure the participation of public affairs; second, the public access channels of cable television stations should serve as a platform for video production for the public. This study mainly explored the possibility of using the public access channels of cable television to practice public affairs. Due to the scopes and limits of research design, the case examined was limited to the case of Tainan County. Advance studies could be focused on the performance of the provision of programs (i.e. programs in social community education, etc.) to contribute to the public sphere and civic society.

This building serves as a rehabilitative center for patients in recovery from mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI). It is located on the Columbia Medical School and New York Presbyterian Hospital campus in the Washington Heights neighborhood of New York City. The building is designed with three goals in mind: to provide a safe and healing environment tailored specifically to the needs of the patients; to provide a positive working environment for the doctors, nurses, and staff who care for the patients; to provide a space for the public to find healing of their own. Patient rooms are broken up into three stages - dark, intermediate, and light - that encourage a slow and gentle reintroduction into the world. Staff areas are designed to allow in natural light, easy access to the outside, and privacy away from patients that allow the caregivers a space to recover and find moments of revitalization. The roof, open to the public, lifts upward toward the Hudson River and allows an unobstructed view of the Hudson River Greenway, the Hudson River, and Fort Lee, New Jersey. In a neighborhood of overworked doctors and staff, family members visiting sick loved ones, and residents of an urban environment this roof overlook provides a rehabilitating view of a rare natural environment. The following words, sketches, and drawings attempt to convey the process, structure, and poetry of the building. / Master of Architecture

This thesis studies the use of exhibitions by public authorities and the possibilities of making exhibits out of authority topics.

VPW, a community-access television station in Winnipeg, Manitoba, hosted an array of programming ranging from the pragmatic to the truly bizarre, from 1971 until the station was bought out and dismantled in 2001. Grassroots media does not have the same institutional and archival frameworks as its mainstream counterpart; its losses often go unremarked, or must be reconstituted and memorialized in improvisational, provisional ways. In recent years, several Winnipeg artists have begun a kind of reclamation project around the station. This paper considers the various threads of nostalgia, political economy, and decline narratives at work in VPW's reclamation. It argues that thinking about why certain things are celebrated and others thrown away is itself a problem of aesthetics, politics, and publics. It examines why certain shows are remembered and others not, and the role of unanticipated uses of public infrastructure in such a dynamic.

The opioid fentanyl is becoming an increasingly popular drug of abuse across the United States. With a potency up to 100 times greater than the common opioid morphine, fentanyl use can easily lead to overdoses. This is especially true as fentanyl is increasingly found mixed into other illicit drugs without users’ knowledge. However, there exists an antidote for opioid overdoses called naloxone. Naloxone is a pure antagonist at μ-opioid receptors in the brain and produces little known side-effects. Recently, the FDA has approved naloxone delivery devices designed for individuals without medical training, making naloxone layperson friendly. Under today’s policy, naloxone is a prescription medication. This means physicians must write a prescription for take-home naloxone or issue a standing order allowing other healthcare professionals to distribute naloxone. However, there are little federal laws governing naloxone as most of the statutes discussing naloxone access and administration are determined by individual states. For example, only some states allow physicians to prescribe naloxone to non-patients. Additionally, many states have differing laws regarding criminal liabilities for physicians who prescribe the drug and for laypersons who administer the drug. In the U.S. there exists a dilemma with naloxone, as topics ranging from public policy to insurance coverage are controversial. With increasing information on fentanyl and naloxone being published, the U.S. is currently looking into the idea of making naloxone more accessible as a way to reduce overdose deaths.

No description available.

This thesis reports on a study undertaken at the Dixson Library, University of New England. The purpose of the study was to develop an understanding of users of online public access catalogues (OPACs). The understanding gained from the study will assist in the development of improvements to the Library's OPAC, and increase user ability to access information from the OPAC. The study replicated the user questionnaire of the Online Patron Access Project, sponsored by the Council on Library Resources (CLR) in 1981/83. The questionnaire was modified slightly to suit conditions at the Dixson Library. The study addressed nine research questions relating to the users, their reactions, attitudes, experiences and problems. The user task and their suggestions for improvement were also addressed. The study formally tested three propositions between the variables user task, success and attitudes in relation to OPAC users. The findings show the analysis of the responses for the population as a whole, and, where relevant, for eight groups of student respondents based on their academic affiliation. The student population was of particular importance because of the preponderance of external students at the University of New England. The differences in the findings between the groups of students were discussed, and where possible, explained. The three formal propositions were tested by carrying out Chi square tests for the values of each variable. Nine significant relationships were found. Comparisons were made between the Dixson Library findings and those of the CLR study. Recommendations and conclusions were drawn from the study, including areas for further research.

The background to the thesis is the decentralization trend which has led to the development of various forms of local radio and television in a number of countries, including Sweden. Common to all official statements regarding the emergence of local media is the theme that local media has a potential for strengthening democracy. The aim is formulated as: to what extent can investigations into audience and participation in Swedish local media be considered indicators of whether these media contribute to the generally-accepted democratic aims of society? Special attention is also given to a study of the research field of "local mass communication" i this has been achieved with the help of a bibliographical analysis of the documents listed in the NORDICOM-bibliography for the years 1975-1980. The audience and participation analysis is based upon: (a) the author's own studies from the cable-tv experiment in Kiruna 1974/75; (b) secondary analyses of studies of audience and participation in Swedish local and neighbourhood radio 1979/80; and (c) the author's own data on local radio from a study in Västerbotten in 1978. The analyses in the thesis are based on two ideal models for the democracy-media relationship - the ideal-democratic model and the critical model. The results show that there is support for both models, i.e. local broadcasting media seems to both reach low-resource people and generate participation in various forms. On the other hand, from the point of view of the critical model, it seems as if participants represent well-established groups in society. The cable-tv data also indicates that activation effects are larger among the highly-edu-cated members of the audience. Other results demonstrate that the following factors are decisive for audience structure: size of the broadcasting area, occupation, and the listener's distance from the transmitting area. Factors that are critical for participation and contact-tendency are organizational activity and previous attempts to achieve influence in community matters. / digitalisering@umu

Bakgrunden till vår uppsats var de tankar som vi hade kring tillgängligheten till nationalparker och skyddade områden. Nationalparker och skyddade områden ligger ofta på platser som inte är lättillgängliga. Som besökare till dessa områden behövs ofta egen bil eller båt för att ta sig dit. En del av planeringen vid upprättelserna av parkerna består av att säkra att de är tillgängliga.Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur de svenska nationalparkerna har gjorts tillgängliga för offentligheten, sedan upprättelsen av de första nationalparkerna i Sverige i 1909 och till Hamra Nationalpark utvidgades kraftigt i 2011. Vidare är syftet att belysa de olika etableringsdiskurserna.För att kunna undersöka detta har vi använt oss av litteraturstudier för att samla information om historiken kring nationalparkerna samt vad som tas upp i Sveriges nationalparksplan. Vi genomförde två intervjuer med informanter från Hamra Nationalpark och Fulufjället Nationalpark. Vi har använt dessa två nationalparker som fallstudier.Denna studie har visat att en stor utveckling har skett från hur man etablerade de första nationalparkerna i Sverige och hur framgångsmetoden är idag. Förr togs inte hänsyn till lokalbefolkningen, företagare med mera vid etableringen av en nationalpark. Idag ser det annorlunda ut, där en nationalpark inte etableras om majoriteten inte samtycker till det. Skyltningar, vandringsstigar med mera anpassas allt mer och mer efter besökarna. Det har skett en kraftig attitydförändring om hur det ses på användandet av parkerna och gränserna för detta ändras fortfarande. Idag arbetas det med nya föreskrifter för nationalparkerna i Sverige, där man vill tillåta kommersiell turism inne i parkerna, detta beräknas vara fastställt år 2014. / The background for this essay was the thoughts we had about the accessibility of national parks and protected areas. National parks and protected areas are often located in places that are not easy accessible. Visitors to these areas often need a car or even boat to get to them. Part of the planning process with the construction of the national parks consists of ensuring that they are accessible.The purpose of this essay is to investigate how the Swedish national parks have been made accessible to the public, since the construction of the first national parks in Sweden in 1909 and up to Hamra National Park was expanded significantly in 2011. Furthermore it aims to highlight the various establishment discourses.To investigate this we used the literature to gather information about the history of the national parks and also what is included in the plans for the national parks of Sweden. We conducted two interviews with key persons from Hamra National Park and Fulufjället National Park. We have used these two national parks as case studies.This study has shown that a significant development has taken place from how the first national parks in Sweden were established and how the method is today. Previously the opinion of local people, entrepreneurs and others was not taken in consideration in the establishment of a national park. Today things are different, where a national park will not established if the majority does not agree to it. Signboards, hiking trails and more are adapted even more to the different kind of visitors. There has been a significant change in attitude about how the use of the parks is possible and the limits of this are still changing. Today the national park government works with new regulations for national parks in Sweden, which will allow commercial tourism inside the parks. This is expected to be established during 2014.

Onlinekataloge erlauben den Nutzern den Zugang zum Bestand einer Bibliothek; Normdaten bilden darin die Grundlage für zwei wesentliche Sucheinstiege: Die Recherche nach Personen und die inhaltliche Suche mit Schlagwörtern. Benutzeranalysen zeigen erwartungsgemäß, dass dies nach den Titelstichwörtern die am häufigsten gestellten Suchanfragen sind. Es wird aber auch deutlich, dass in beiden Fällen die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Nulltreffer-Ergebnisses, d.h. das Scheitern der Suche, sehr hoch ist. Normdaten sollen eine effektive Recherche ermöglichen – aber wie effektiv gestaltet sich diese Recherche für den Benutzer tatsächlich? Als bibliothekarische Dienstleistung richtet sich der Onlinekatalog an den Nutzer, er sollte sich demnach an dessen Bedürfnissen und Kenntnissen orientieren. Viele Suchanfragen bei Recherchen mit Normdaten führen ins Leere, weil dem Benutzer die formalen Eingabevoraussetzungen ebenso fremd sind wie die der Erschließung zugrunde liegenden bibliothekarischen Regeln. Es zeigt sich auch, dass die Umsetzung neuer Recherchemöglichkeiten mit Normdaten alleine nicht genügt, auch die Darstellung im OPAC muss beim Vorwissen der Nutzer ansetzen. Diese erwerben ihre Recherchekompetenz vor allem bei Suchmaschinen wie Google, so dass Fachterminologie oder Unübersichtlichkeit im Onlinekatalog nur zusätzlich verwirren. Anhand verschiedener Anwendungsbeispiele soll der Vortrag zeigen, welche Probleme sich dem Benutzer bei der Recherche mit Normdaten stellen, aber auch, wie das Potential der Normdaten in Onlinekatalogen noch besser genutzt werden kann.