A educação em ciências é uma prática social que vem sendo cada vez mais ampliada e desenvolvida e, nesse aspecto, os museus ganham destaque como locais de divulgação e de educação não formal. Neste sentido, é evidente a atual e gradual mudança que a natureza e o papel educacional dos museus vêm sofrendo, o que leva a questionar os pressupostos teóricos e práticos que fundamentaram e fundamentam as ações em educação não formal nesses locais. Assim, tendo em vista a fundamentação do trabalho de divulgação que o Laboratório de Malacologia do Instituto de Biociências da USP inicia, pretendia-se verificar como os moluscos são abordados nas exposições de dois museus universitários de ciências, discutindo algumas abordagens científicas, comunicacionais e museológicas que norteiam a práxis expositiva desses locais. Para tanto, optou-se por uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa por meio de dois instrumentos de pesquisa: observação com registros escritos e fotográficos e análise documental. A análise das abordagens científicas indicou que as duas instituições apresentam temáticas expositivas condizentes com os objetivos a que se propõem, ou seja, divulgar a pesquisa que ali é feita e, no caso do Museu de Zoologia, discutir também as idéias dominantes na Zoologia. Os textos, por sua vez, aparecem predominantemente na forma de impressos, cada instituição apresentando padrões de diagramação diferentes e conseqüentemente levantando questões diferentes. Com relação ao discurso empregado, fica evidente que o texto apresentado é um híbrido de diversas categorias de discurso. Por fim, as exposições revelaram corresponder preponderantemente ao tipo Educativas descrito por DEAN (2003), fazendo amplo uso de objetos reais embora estes estivessem sempre distantes do visitante e com função geralmente de ilustração. Quanto aos níveis de interatividade descritos por WAGENSBERG (2000), chama atenção o fato de nenhum dos museus trabalharem os três níveis, e a interatividade mental, única trabalhada pelos dois museus, sendo timidamente explorada. / Science Education is a growing and developing social practice and, in this respect, museums have gained prominence as places for doing public communication of science and non-formal education. In this sense, the nature and educational role of museums are clearly suffering gradual changes, what leads to questions about the theoretical and practical pre-assumptions that formed and still form the basis for actions in non-formal education occurring in these places. Thus, having in mind the fundamentals of the science communication work that the Malacology Lab (Institute of Biosciences-USP) has begun, the intention was to verify how mollusks are approached in the exhibitions of two universitary science museums, discussing some of the scientific, communicative and museological approaches that guide the expositive praxis of these places. For doing so, a qualitative methodological approach by means of two research instruments was chosen: observation, producing written and photographic records, and documental analysis. The analyses of scientific approaches indicated that both institutions have expositive subjects that meet their objectives of divulging the research they do and, in the case of the Zoology Museum, of discussing the dominant ideas in Zoology. The texts, in turn, appear predominantly as printouts, with each institution presenting different diagramming patterns and, consequently, bringing up different questions. As for the discourse used, it is clear that the text presented is a hybrid of several discourse categories. Finally, the exhibitions showed to be predominantly of the Educative type as described by Dean (2003), making wide use of real objects even though these were always far from the visitors and used for illustrative purposes. As for the levels of interactivity described by Wagensberg (2000), what calls the attention is the fact that none of the museums works all three existing levels and the only one worked by both museums, mental interactivity, is timidly explored.

Orientador: Maria Teresa Micely Kerbauy / Banca: Gerson Luiz Martins / Banca: Maximiliano Martin Vicente / Resumo: Este estudo destaca a informação relacionada à atuação do Ministério Público do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (MPMS), instituição ativa em uma sociedade que convive com direitos necessários no cotidiano das pessoas. Parte-se do pressuposto de que há um entendimento mútuo que reconhece o Brasil como um país democrático voltado aos preceitos de cidadania, condição essa assegurada pela Constituição Federal de 1988, considerada marco referencial para impulsionar deliberações públicas sobre os próprios preceitos que a formam. Nesse sentido, esta investigação visa analisar a gestão da comunicação e da informação no âmbito da assessoria de comunicação do MPMS, atenta para o comprometimento da instituição com o desenvolvimento social e a responsabilidade dos gestores de comunicação em fomentar o debate público. Para conferir essa situação, são consideradas as mudanças provocadas pelas Tecnologias da Comunicação e da Informação (TICs) no contexto e nas circunstâncias de acesso e restrição à informação de interesse público. As discussões teóricas são fundamentadas no debate, sobre comunicação pública, com destaque para a produtividade analítica da realidade brasileira. Consideram-se abordagens acerca da emancipação humana, em estudos da comunicação relativos ao espaço público, com o interese público disposto como prerrogativa e norte de atuação da própria comunicação social. O objeto de análise desta proposta delimita-se pela informação concernente ao tempo "interese público", o qual interliga toda a discussão, do referencial teórico às investigações a campo. A metodologia do estudo de caso concretiza o caráter exploratório-descritivo desta pesquisa, com ênfase para a técnica da abservação direta com a indireta, e da entrevista em profundidade, pelo uso de questionários... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study highlights the information regarding the action of the Public Ministery of Mato Grosso do Sul State (MPMS), an institution active in a society that lives with duties necessary in everday life. If starts with the assumption that there is a mutual understanding that recognize Brazil as a democratic country back to the precepts of citizenship, a condition ensured by the Constitution of 1988, considered a reference point for encouraging public deliberations on its the very percepts. Accordingly, this study proposes to analyze the management of communiation and information within the communications office of the MPMS, attempting to the institution's commitment to social responsibility of managers and communication in fostering public debate. To check this, are considered the current changes caused by the technologies of information and communication technologies (TICs), contextualizing the circunstances and restriction of access to information of public interest. The discussions are based on the theoretical debate about public communication, emphasizing analytical situation of Brazilian reality. Arte considered approaches to human emancipation, in communication studies related to public space, with the public space, with the public interest and considered the prerrogative and work north of the media itself. So, the object of analysis in this study is limited by the information concerning the "public interest", which connects al the discussion, literature review of the investigations in the field. The methodology of the case study formalizes the exploratory character of this descriptive study with emphasis on the technique of direct observation with the indirect ones, and in deph interview, the semi-structured questionnaires were applied in the study. For this purpose, the corpus of the research consists... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

A educação em ciências é uma prática social que vem sendo cada vez mais ampliada e desenvolvida e, nesse aspecto, os museus ganham destaque como locais de divulgação e de educação não formal. Neste sentido, é evidente a atual e gradual mudança que a natureza e o papel educacional dos museus vêm sofrendo, o que leva a questionar os pressupostos teóricos e práticos que fundamentaram e fundamentam as ações em educação não formal nesses locais. Assim, tendo em vista a fundamentação do trabalho de divulgação que o Laboratório de Malacologia do Instituto de Biociências da USP inicia, pretendia-se verificar como os moluscos são abordados nas exposições de dois museus universitários de ciências, discutindo algumas abordagens científicas, comunicacionais e museológicas que norteiam a práxis expositiva desses locais. Para tanto, optou-se por uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa por meio de dois instrumentos de pesquisa: observação com registros escritos e fotográficos e análise documental. A análise das abordagens científicas indicou que as duas instituições apresentam temáticas expositivas condizentes com os objetivos a que se propõem, ou seja, divulgar a pesquisa que ali é feita e, no caso do Museu de Zoologia, discutir também as idéias dominantes na Zoologia. Os textos, por sua vez, aparecem predominantemente na forma de impressos, cada instituição apresentando padrões de diagramação diferentes e conseqüentemente levantando questões diferentes. Com relação ao discurso empregado, fica evidente que o texto apresentado é um híbrido de diversas categorias de discurso. Por fim, as exposições revelaram corresponder preponderantemente ao tipo Educativas descrito por DEAN (2003), fazendo amplo uso de objetos reais embora estes estivessem sempre distantes do visitante e com função geralmente de ilustração. Quanto aos níveis de interatividade descritos por WAGENSBERG (2000), chama atenção o fato de nenhum dos museus trabalharem os três níveis, e a interatividade mental, única trabalhada pelos dois museus, sendo timidamente explorada. / Science Education is a growing and developing social practice and, in this respect, museums have gained prominence as places for doing public communication of science and non-formal education. In this sense, the nature and educational role of museums are clearly suffering gradual changes, what leads to questions about the theoretical and practical pre-assumptions that formed and still form the basis for actions in non-formal education occurring in these places. Thus, having in mind the fundamentals of the science communication work that the Malacology Lab (Institute of Biosciences-USP) has begun, the intention was to verify how mollusks are approached in the exhibitions of two universitary science museums, discussing some of the scientific, communicative and museological approaches that guide the expositive praxis of these places. For doing so, a qualitative methodological approach by means of two research instruments was chosen: observation, producing written and photographic records, and documental analysis. The analyses of scientific approaches indicated that both institutions have expositive subjects that meet their objectives of divulging the research they do and, in the case of the Zoology Museum, of discussing the dominant ideas in Zoology. The texts, in turn, appear predominantly as printouts, with each institution presenting different diagramming patterns and, consequently, bringing up different questions. As for the discourse used, it is clear that the text presented is a hybrid of several discourse categories. Finally, the exhibitions showed to be predominantly of the Educative type as described by Dean (2003), making wide use of real objects even though these were always far from the visitors and used for illustrative purposes. As for the levels of interactivity described by Wagensberg (2000), what calls the attention is the fact that none of the museums works all three existing levels and the only one worked by both museums, mental interactivity, is timidly explored.

The U.S. Department of State disseminates counter-radicalization information through social media but has been unable to reach users due to an inability to create engaging posts due to a lack of understanding of the interests of the general population. The purpose of this quantitative study was to assess the utility of data analytics when administering counter-radicalization social media campaigns. The population for this study were social media posts published on the Quilliam Facebook page between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2018. The nonexperimental quantitative descriptive research design sought to examine the correlation between the independent variables (topic of a post, use of visual aids in the post, and the geopolitical region the post addresses) and the dependent variables (resulting likes and shares). This study relied on the strategic choice theory which argues that individuals perform a cost and benefit analysis when deciding to join a terrorist organization and commit acts of terrorism. Specifically, individuals are often interested in participating in terror-ism in an effort to gain resources and feel a sense of belonging but can be dissuaded upon realization that terrorism can actually degrade their quality of life. The research found that social media can be used as a tool to increase the perceived costs of terrorism and decrease the perceived benefits of terrorism. The study concluded that posts which involved a personal story emphasizing the ramifications of terrorism and included a video resulted in the highest number of likes and shares, respectively. The findings provide a strong argument for utilizing data analytics to improve the dissemination of counter-radicalization information which could prevent individuals from joining terrorist organizations and committing acts of terrorism.

Current literature on public communication campaigns suggests that challenges and problems remain, even though generally the effectiveness of campaigns has increased in the past years. Challenges and problems are issue-specific and efforts put into influencing particular social behaviours through public communication campaigns have not been significantly successful. Although public communication campaigns are a popular method employed to influence social behaviours in many societies, campaign strategies inadequately consider the impact of cultural elements on social behaviours. The disappointing results through the use of campaigns are exacerbated by the difficulties faced in translating research observations to appropriate campaign strategies. In view of current challenges, this research examines public communication campaigns. Two main variables shaped this research ??? ???identity??? and ???culture???. The research postulated that a person???s identity influences his or her behaviour. It also argued that culture would impact on behaviour. The theoretical orientation drew on interpretivist perspectives. Using a comparative cross-cultural method, this research nominated the issues of organ donation and waste disposal behaviours in public places and the countries of Australia and Singapore for empirical study. Focus group research was employed. A total of sixteen focus groups were conducted ??? eight groups on organ donation (four in Sydney, Australia and four in Singapore) and eight groups on waste disposal behaviours (four in Sydney, Australia and four in Singapore). In line with the theoretical orientation, ???grounded theory??? was used to analyse the focus group transcripts. It is argued that a person???s decision to organ donation or waste disposal behaviour was intimately related to his or her identity. Cultural elements are critical constituents of identity. This is to say, cultural values, beliefs and attitudes have significant impact on social behaviours. These intricacies were made apparent when each issue was seen in the national contexts of Australia and Singapore. This research concludes that issues of identity can partly explain the type of decision a person makes about organ donation, and the kind of waste disposal behaviour a person enacts. It also argues that the effectiveness of campaign strategies can potentially be enhanced, if the strategies are responsive to people???s identities.

Current literature on public communication campaigns suggests that challenges and problems remain, even though generally the effectiveness of campaigns has increased in the past years. Challenges and problems are issue-specific and efforts put into influencing particular social behaviours through public communication campaigns have not been significantly successful. Although public communication campaigns are a popular method employed to influence social behaviours in many societies, campaign strategies inadequately consider the impact of cultural elements on social behaviours. The disappointing results through the use of campaigns are exacerbated by the difficulties faced in translating research observations to appropriate campaign strategies. In view of current challenges, this research examines public communication campaigns. Two main variables shaped this research ??? ???identity??? and ???culture???. The research postulated that a person???s identity influences his or her behaviour. It also argued that culture would impact on behaviour. The theoretical orientation drew on interpretivist perspectives. Using a comparative cross-cultural method, this research nominated the issues of organ donation and waste disposal behaviours in public places and the countries of Australia and Singapore for empirical study. Focus group research was employed. A total of sixteen focus groups were conducted ??? eight groups on organ donation (four in Sydney, Australia and four in Singapore) and eight groups on waste disposal behaviours (four in Sydney, Australia and four in Singapore). In line with the theoretical orientation, ???grounded theory??? was used to analyse the focus group transcripts. It is argued that a person???s decision to organ donation or waste disposal behaviour was intimately related to his or her identity. Cultural elements are critical constituents of identity. This is to say, cultural values, beliefs and attitudes have significant impact on social behaviours. These intricacies were made apparent when each issue was seen in the national contexts of Australia and Singapore. This research concludes that issues of identity can partly explain the type of decision a person makes about organ donation, and the kind of waste disposal behaviour a person enacts. It also argues that the effectiveness of campaign strategies can potentially be enhanced, if the strategies are responsive to people???s identities.

Outils dominants de représentation du monde social, les statistiques publiques jouent en France un rôledéterminant dans la revendication actuelle de rationalisation de l’action de l’Etat. A partir de l’étude dumode de publicité des statistiques de la délinquance et de la criminalité, ce travail analyse la place de cesdonnées chiffrées dans les stratégies de communication publique. Il apparaît ainsi que cetteprééminence tient à la fois au régime sémiotique spécifique des chiffres, à l’importance du quantitatifdans l’imaginaire individuel et collectif, autant qu’à une combinaison de légitimations (historiques,éthiques, politiques, scientifiques). Mais les rapports de pouvoir en jeu se définissent également par lamanipulation des signes en vue d’imposer un système de valeurs. Ils se distinguent par la force d’uneesthétique qui parvient à concilier complexité du savoir et apparente évidence de l’information,objectivité et subjectivité, opacité des instances auctoriales et transparence revendiquée. / As the prevailing tools of the representation of the social world, official statistics in France play akey role in the current claim to rationalise government actions. Studying the communicationalchoices concerning criminal statistics in France, this work emphasizes the role of statistics in thestrategies of public communication: their importance lies in the semiotic nature of figures, theinfluence of quantitative matters in the individual and collective imagination, as well as acombination of legitimacy (historical, ethical, political, scientific). But the balance of powersinvolved is also defined by the manipulation of signs in order to establish a system of values. Theseare distinguished by the strength of an aesthetic, which strikes a balance between complexity ofknowledge and apparent evidence of information, objectivity and subjectivity, opacity of auctorialauthorities and claimed transparency.

This study examined the role and function of public relations in public higher education institutions by focusing on the messages being communicated by four public research-oriented universities. This study was designed to determine if and how these universities communicate their public good responsibility and how that communication is perceived by two constituent groups—higher education reporters and state legislators. The researcher used two qualitative methods: thematic analysis and in-depth/elite interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the universities’ mission and vision statements, strategic plans, legislative appropriations requests, presidential speeches, and 800 press releases (200 from each of four universities), to determine whether references to the public good were either present or absent in messages the universities disseminated during 2006 and 2007. In-depth/elite interviews were used to obtain the perspectives of the chief public relations officers at each of the four public research-oriented universities about their public relations strategies and communication goals. Higher education reporters covering these respective institutions and members of the legislature in positions of leadership on committees involved with higher education policy and funding issues were also interviewed to understand their perceptions about the universities. This study found the following 24 references to public good: the core concepts of research, teaching and public service; the benefits the universities create as engines of economic development; diversity; the recruitment and retention of faculty; the university as a center for arts, entertainment and cultural events; faculty and student achievement; student career enhancement; and institutional prestige, among others. The study demonstrated that public research-oriented universities are using public relations strategies and techniques to construct and distribute messages to their key constituents about the benefits they provide to the State and its citizens. Major findings also include the observation that higher education reporters cover higher education as a statewide beat which focuses on the state’s two flagship or Tier 1 universities—the University of Texas at Austin and Texas A&M University and the institutions in the reporters respective cities. In addition, the higher education reporters write about “issues” related to higher education rather than institutions per se. The study also found that State Legislators only recognize the two Tier 1 institutions as research institutions and their perspectives about these institutions are driven by how these universities are funded. / text

People’s perceptions of mining are heavily based on the media they consume and the messages therein. News outlets ordinarily report on mining only when there is an accident or environmental concern. When messages that the public is exposed to are negative, it is no wonder that there are negative perceptions about mining. Current public relations campaigns on the behalf of specific companies or select sectors do exist; however, this is often a reactionary move in response to recent shifts in the socio-political environment. The details of these campaigns are often tied up in proprietary information or withheld by public relations firms. Hiring public relations firms is often cost prohibitive for many single mining companies. Mining serves a vital purpose in providing society with the base resources to sustain the standard of living it has come to expect. This important purpose needs to be fully communicated to the public in order to educate them. Attitudes about mining need to be identified so misinformation can be accurately targeted. Before this can begin, these attitudes must be measured and knowledge gaps identified. This work focused on two main objectives on the mining industry’s behalf. The first focus was to determine attitudes towards mining and knowledge about mining. This was done through a survey administered to three counties in Kentucky. From this survey, guidance for communication efforts were produced, through the suggestion of specific topics for messages, which directly addresses identified attitudes of the public and misconceptions about mining. Relationships between knowledge and attitudes were explored, as well as relationships between demographic information and knowledge, and attitudes. Subsequently, an empirical model for predicting individuals' knowledge of mining was produced. The second focus was to apply theoretical foundations to educational and community engagement efforts. Different theories are required for different groups of people depending on the level that mining plays a role in those peoples' lives. In all, how the mining industry communicates with the public needs to be improved, and the work proposed here will steer these improvements.

\"A quem a comunicação pública serve?\". De forma simples e objetiva, poderíamos responder o que parece o que parece óbvio: ela serve à sociedade como um todo, uma vez que a comunicação pública é aquela que concorre para os assuntos que são de interesse público. Apesar de ser clara e direta, a resposta parece não atender à complexidade do tema. O debate acerca da construção de um conceito sobre comunicação pública, bem como a compreensão de sua prática, tem suscitado pesquisas acadêmicas nacionais e internacionais, dedes o final do século XX. Interpretada de forma genérica, a palavra Comunicação, legitima todo tipo de discurso e atende aos diferentes interesses, inclusive os governistas. Neste sentido a falha (ou a falta) de consenso sobre o que é e o que não é comunicação pública parece ser uma vantagem a organizações privadas (como empresas e partidos políticos) e, sobretudo, para a administração pública. O objetivo é que informações sejam divulgadas pelos veículos de comunicação como assuntos de interesse público. Melhor ainda se esses \"assuntos\" forem classificados como notícia jornalística e divulgados pela imprensa, seja ela comercial ou pública. É disso que iremos tratar neste trabalho. O corpus da nossa pesquisa compreende às reportagens sobre o novo Código Florestal, noticiadas pela Agência Brasil, site de notícias da Empresa Brasil de Comunicação (EBC), que pertence ao Governo Federal. O recorte escolhido para análise compreende ao período de 1º. de janeiro a 31 de maio de 2012, fase em o assunto teve amplo destaque na imprensa brasileira. Nossa investigação parte de uma hipótese de que houve uma inclinação favorável às ações e interesses do governo nas reportagens do Código Florestal, divulgadas pela Agência Brasil. Isso indicaria uma forma instrumentalização da máquina pública, o que afrontaria os princípios da Impessoalidade e Publicidade dispostos na Constituição Federal. / \"Who does public communication serve?\" In a simple and objective way, we could respond to what seems obvious: it serves society as a whole, since public communication is one that competes for matters that are of public interest. Although it is clear and straight forward, the answer does not seem to address the complexity of the topic. The debate about the construction of a concept on public communication, as well as the understanding of its practice, has provoked national and international academic research, from the end of the twentieth century. Interpreted in a generic way, the word Communication legitimizes all kinds of discourse and serves different interests, including government. In this sense, the failure (or lack) of consensus on what is and is not public communication seems to be an advantage to private organizations (such as companies and political parties) and, above all, to the public administration. The aim is for information to be disclosed by the media as a matter of public interest. It is even better if these \"subjects\" are classified as news stories and publicized by the press, whether commercial or public. This is what we will be dealing with in this work. The corpus of our research comprises the reports about the new Forest Code, reported by Agência Brasil, news site of Brazil de Comunication Company (EBC), which belongs to the Federal Government. The cut chosen for analysis comprises the period between January 1 to May 31, 2012, period at the subject had ample prominence in the Brazilian press. Our investigation starts from a hypothesis that there was a favorable inclination to the actions and interests of the government in the reports of the Forest Code, published by Agência Brasil. This would indicate a form of instrumentalization of the public machine, which would confront the principles of Impersonality and Publicity disposed in the Federal Constitution.