The usage of the packaging as the marketing tool gains on its importance and allows companies to differentiate from each other and gain the attention of the potential customer. The aim of the current thesis is to provide an analysis of the impact of packaging on the consumer buying behavior on the example of the chosen company. Moreover, the research investigated to which extent company's customers are satisfied with the packaging they get, and to which extent such packaging incited them to buy the chosen company's products. Furthermore, the recommendations regarding packaging were presented. The mixed research method has been chosen for the research, since it provided a complex picture on the researched area, it included both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The data collection included the qualitative research in the form of the interview with the manager of the chosen company and quantitative research which was conducted and analyzed through the survey.

The subject of this thesis is the consumers behavior on the residential property market in the Czech Republic, focusing on the specifics of the capital city. Based on the original research, the main goal of this thesis is to reveal the typical behavior and issues of the customers when buying real estate in Prague and evaluate the customer purchasing behavior of young population, with a focus on the college students. The secondary goal is to identify the profile of consumers on the real estate market in the Czech Republic and to describe the subjects on the Czech real estate market. The research is based on both qualitative in-depth interviews and quantitative questionnaire surveys methods, providing a view of the problems of the real estate market from different angles.

This thesis analyzes the effects of various factors on consumer behavior of the population and their subsequent manifestations in consumer purchase decision-making process. The first part describes general concepts of consumer behavior and then it is followed by an analyse of cultural, sociological, psychological and ecnomic effects. Each chapter also specifficaly describes how these factors may affect consumers themselves. The theoretical section is folowed by the practical part, in which could be, because of adequate theoretical knowledge, specified eight hypotheses. In order to need collecting necessery data was completed a questionnaire. Its first part analyzes specific kind of consumer behavior manifestations, the second one analyzes the factors that influence the loan amount, which I chose as one of the consumer behavior manifestations. Three hypotheses were not confirmed, remaining five hypotheses were confirmed. With using the regression analysis there was shown that the factors which influence the loan amount the most are the wage amount, the purpose of the loan, marital status and age.

A través de los años, el rubro de la moda ha ido atravesando por diversos cambios, los cuales han impulsado a que las marcas se adapten a estos e implementen constantemente propuestas innovadoras que cumplan con las exigencias del público. Por ello, como parte del cambio, la moda se ha adaptado de manera rápida a las últimas tendencias a través de un movimiento acelerado llamado fast fashion. Un claro ejemplo de marca exitosa que opera con el fenómeno de moda rápida es la firma española Zara. Esta se caracteriza por su gran manejo de innovación, flexibilidad, rápida recepción de tendencias y producción acelerada para posicionarse exitosamente en el mercado y en la mente de los consumidores. Del mismo modo, Zara aplica diversas estrategias; entre ellas, las de diseño para influir en la decisión de compra de los consumidores y motivarlos a que adquieran artículos en algunos de sus establecimientos. La presente investigación con enfoque cualitativo busca conocer las estrategias de diseño de la marca Zara. Por ello, la pregunta de investigación es la siguiente: ¿De qué manera influyen las estrategias de diseño de la marca fast fashion Zara en la decisión de compra de indumentaria de las mujeres del sector A y B en Lima en los últimos 8 años? Por tal motivo, el trabajo describe las estrategias de diseño que usa Zara para atraer cada vez a más clientes e incentivarlos a comprar indumentaria en las tiendas y a la vez, para mantenerse un paso más adelante de la competencia. / Over the past years, the fashion business has gone through several changes, which have encouraged brands to adapt them and constantly implement innovative proposals that satisfy the demands of the public. That’s why, as part of this change, the fashion industry quickly adapted to the latest trends through an accelerated movement called “fast fashion”. A clear example of a successful brand that operates with this phenomenon, is the firm “Zara”, which is characterized by it’s great handling of innovation, flexibility, quick reception of trend and production to position itself successfully in the market and in the mind of the consumers. In the same way, Zara applies different strategies; between them, the design to influence the decision of buy items in some of their establishments. This investigation, with a qualitative approach, seeks to know the strategies of the Zara brand. Therefore, the research question is the next: How the design strategies of Zara influences in the decision to buy women’s clothing from sector A and B in Lima over the past 8 years? For this reason, this works describes the design strategies that Zara uses to attract more and more customers and motivate them to buy clothing in some of the stores and, at the same time, to stay one step ahead of the competition.

Hoy en día existe un nuevo comportamiento del consumidor, en donde la tecnología forma parte de su día a día. La falta de tiempo, representa cada vez menos un problema para las personas por lo que las empresas buscan llegar a ellos y estos puedan realizar compras sin la necesidad de salir de casa. Para la solución de esta problemática aparece la compra online, que se mantiene en auge y facilita la vida de muchos clientes. Sin embargo, a pesar de representar algo positivo para las empresas, aún presentan barreras. Por tal motivo, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la relación existente entre las barreras que inhiben la compra de ropa casual en tiendas por departamento en el canal online y la decisión de compra Para ello, según los hallazgos encontrados, se analizaron los diferentes riesgos que giran en torno a la confianza: riesgo funcional (relacionado al funcionamiento del producto), temporal (tiempo de entrega del producto), financiero (el costo de devolución de una prenda) y la reputación (de la tienda en cuestión), las cuales se convierten en barreras al no poder ser mitigadas por las empresas. Los resultados indicaron que el riesgo funcional y la reputación de los retailers poseen una relación positiva con la intensión de compra. Esto se debe existe una fuerte desconfianza de adquirir productos online. No obstante, el riesgo financiero y riesgo temporal obtuvieron una relación negativa, lo cual indica que este tipo de riesgos han sido mitigados, ya que las consumidoras muestran mayor confianza. / Today there is a new consumer behavior, where technology is part of their day to day. Lack of time represents less and less of a problem for people, so companies seek to reach them and they can make purchases without the need to leave home. For the solution of this problem, online shopping appears, which remains booming and makes life easier for many customers. However, despite representing something positive for companies, they still present barriers. For this reason, this research aims to determine the relationship between the barriers that inhibit the purchase of casual clothing in department stores in the online channel and the purchase decision. For this, according to the findings, the different risks that revolve around trust were analyzed: functional risk (related to the operation of the product), temporary (product delivery time), financial (the cost of returning a garment) and the reputation (of the store in question), which become barriers as they cannot be mitigated by companies. The results indicated that the functional risk and reputation of the retailers have a positive relationship with the intention to buy. This is because there is a strong distrust of purchasing products online. However, financial risk and temporary risk obtained a negative relationship, which indicates that these types of risks have been mitigated, as consumers show greater confidence. / Trabajo de investigación

The purpose of the study is to understand the satisfaction of young customers living in Sweden for a long time with the packaging of chips and the impact of packaging on their chip purchase and to discuss corporate social responsibility in connection with environmental sustainability. In this study, theoretical analysis, interviews, and focus groups are used as the research methods. Through the analysis of collected data and combined with the theory to carry out a comprehensive analysis. Through the analysis, it is found that the color, picture, and shape of packaging in the chips market in Sweden are the main factors affecting customers' purchase. It is also found that young customers still attach great importance to the sustainable development of the environment and think that the company should be responsible for this. The findings of this study can be considered to provide customers with real ideas for companies who want to understand the Swedish chip market and help them develop the Swedish market. Due to the lack of research on the packaging market in Sweden, the researchers hope that this study can be helpful to the relevant research.

ABSTRACT   Date:                                  2020-06-06   Level:                                 Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr   Institution:   School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University   Authors:         Elina Nurmi                         Julia Darnéus Ekeroth   Natasha Milner             (1993-01-08)                              (1996-07-24)                                  (1998-05-05)   Title:                                  Investigating the ‘Greenness’ of Young Consumers   Tutor:                                David Freund   Keywords:  Environmental concern, green marketing, green consumer, green scepticism, green purchase decision. Research Question: How can environmental concern, exposure to green marketing and green scepticism influence young consumers’ green purchase decisions?   Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how young consumers’ green purchase decisions can be influenced by their environmental concern, exposure to green marketing and lastly, green scepticism. It will be analysed if consumers are now overexposed to green marketing, whether there is an action/awareness gap, and lastly, the number of green consumers in the sample will be established.   Method: Primary data was collected through a quantitative research method, via a self-completion online questionnaire. The chosen sample was Swedes, aged 18-30 and consisted of 140 respondents. IBM SPSS Statistics was used for the statistical tests undertaken such as Cronbach’s Alpha, Chi-square, Pearson’s correlation and Regression analysis.   Conclusion: Environmental concern and green scepticism were found to have a significant influence on the young Swedish consumers’ green purchase decision. A great deal of the sample possessed environmental concern, and it was found to influence their green purchase decision positively. The participants were not sceptical of green marketing, and green scepticism was found to significantly and negatively influence their green purchases. Finally, the young Swedes were minimally underexposed to green marketing with a slight negative, but insignificant, influence on green purchase decisions.

La constante baisse de l’actionnariat individuel en France est qualifiée d’énigme. Les ménages français participent faiblement aux marchés d’actions. Les entreprises éprouvent des difficultés à attirer de nouveaux investisseurs individuels, or l’actionnariat individuel est apprécié pour sa fidélité et son engagement. L’action est un produit financier et d’image qui offre une source de financement stable et durable pour les entreprises, les systèmes de retraite et les investissements à long terme. Les décisions financières et d’investissements sont nourries par la finance moderne et la finance comportementale. Bien que des contradictions existent sur leurs hypothèses fondatrices, ces courants partagent une même conception de la valeur intrinsèque d’un actif financier, une valeur objective déterminée essentiellement par les attributs monétaires du produit, limitant ainsi l’individu dans ses choix et décisions. Notre recherche explore le comportement de l’investisseur individuel en mobilisant le cadre conceptuel de la valeur perçue développé par la littérature en marketing. Nous proposons un modèle de comportement d’achat d’actions de l’investisseur individuel pour examiner les relations entre les attributs des actions et les bénéfices perçus. Ce modèle permet de comprendre le processus de formation de la valeur perçue de l’investisseur individuel qui détermine sa décision d’achat d’actions. Notre démarche exploratoire utilise une méthode mixte pour étudier le contexte de l’actionnaire individuel français détenteur d’actions en direct. Les résultats relèvent l’existence de familles d’attributs du produit action, d’une typologie de bénéfices perçus, et des liens entre attributs et bénéfices faisant ressortir des profils d’investisseurs individuels. Notre recherche éclaire davantage le processus de choix et de décision d’achat d’actions de l’investisseur individuel, et propose aux acteurs du marketing financier une segmentation des investisseurs individuels par les bénéfices perçus afin d’adapter leurs offres de produits et services financiers envers cette cible. / The constant decline of individual shareholders is a French puzzle. French households participate feebly in equity markets. Companies find it difficult to attract new individual investors, even though they are valued for their loyalty and commitment. A share is a financial and image products that provides a sustainable source of finance for businesses, retirement systems, and long-term investments. Financial and investment decisions are framed by modern finance and behavioral finance. Although they are contradictory on their founding assumptions, these streams share the same conception of the intrinsic value of a financial asset, an objective value determined essentially by the monetary attributes, thus limiting the individual in his choices and decisions. Our research explores the behavior of the individual investor through applying the conceptual framework of the perceived value developed by the marketing literature. We propose an individual investor's stock behavior model to examine the relationship between stock attributes and perceived benefits. This model allows understanding the process of the formation of the perceived value of the individual investor, which determines his decision to buy shares. Our exploratory approach uses a mixed method to study the context of the French individual shareholder holding registered shares. The results highlight the existence of families of shares’ attributes, a typology of perceived benefits, and links between attributes and benefits that exhibiting individual investor profiles. Our research sheds new light on the individual investor's decision-making and buying process, and offers financial marketers a segmentation of individual investors based on the perceived benefits, allowing them to tailor their financial products and services offerings towards this target.

[pt] O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o nível de entendimento dos consumidores aplicado à rotulagem nutricional de alimentos industrializados. Ele suporta a idéia de que cada consumidor funciona de maneira distinta frente ao contexto de análise dos rótulos nutricionais. Através de uma pesquisa empírica que utiliza a metodologia de um sistema de avaliação de letramento funcional, traça-se o perfil dos consumidores e mensura-se a pontuação dos entrevistados frente ao conhecimento de aspectos da rotulagem nutricional aplicada pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Os resultados mostram evidências de que existem consumidores desconhecedores de elementos nutricionais básicos, outros incapazes de desenvolver tarefas simples de análise de rótulos. Níveis diferentes de entendimento frente as variáveis sexo, renda, escolaridade, idade, leitura de rótulos, exercícios, prática de refeições fora de casa e compra de alimentos para a família revelam realidades heterogêneas de escolhas alimentares, trazendo subsídios importantes para a área de comportamento do consumidor e de políticas públicas. / [en] This study aims to evaluate the level of understanding of consumers in the context of food nutrition labeling. It supports the idea that each consumer works differently against the background of the analysis of nutrition labels. Through an empirical research that uses the methodology of an assessment system for functional literacy, a profile of consumers is drawn and a score of the respondents related to nutrition label aspects knowledge applied by Anvisa is measured. Results show evidence that consumers are unaware of basic nutritional elements, unable to develop other simple tasks of label analysis. Different levels of understanding by the variables gender, level of income, level of education, age, reading labels habit, exercise habit, practice of eating out and buying food for the family reveal heterogeneous realities of food choices, bringing important benefits to the area of consumer behavior and public policy.

With the spread of covid-19 online shopping all over the globe has increased and with that the importance of E-commerce has also increased. The business managers, marketers and entrepreneurs need to know about the consumer’s preferences when are shopping online and the factors upon which their purchase decision is based. This study aims to identify the most important factors that affect the purchase decisions of consumers while shopping online. This study also aims to find that why are those factors most important for consumers and have those factors changed due to covid-19 or not. Qualitative research methodology was used which was justified on the basis of the research gaps and the nature of the research questions. 20 interviews were conducted and diversified results were noted. This study found the online reviews to be the most important factor for consumers when it came to making purchase decisions online during covid-19. After the online reviews price was found to be the most influential factor for people while making online purchase decisions followed by other factors of word of mouth, security and privacy, discounts and offers, delivery services, product pictures, product information, website design and return policy. This study gives the practical knowledge to business owners, business managers, marketers and entrepreneurs about consumer’s preferences while making purchase decisions online and will enable them to understand the decision-making processes of their customers and lead them to make better, efficient and profitable decisions for their E-commerce businesses.