Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-03-15T14:34:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA15MA209.pdf: 754313 bytes, checksum: d222ad27deddfb1802f4b7162c86c21e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T14:34:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA15MA209.pdf: 754313 bytes, checksum: d222ad27deddfb1802f4b7162c86c21e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-03 / FUMDES / Ergotism is a disease caused by ingestion of sclerotia called ergot, which contains alkaloids that act on adrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic causing direct effect on blood vessels, smooth muscle and central and autonomic nervous system. The present study describes epidemiological data, clinical signs and lesions of a cattle disease characterized by hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea and injuries in the coronary band of the hoof. Initially cause was attributed to the fungus Claviceps purpurea. Between 2000 and 2014 were reported 13 outbreaks, three distérmica form, three nervous form and seven gangrenous form. However, in five of the seven outbreaks of the gangrenous form, in places where animals grazed there was loads of inflorescences of smut grass (Sporobolus indicus) contaminated by a blackened fungus, classified as Bipolaris australis. The disease was reproduced experimentally by administration of inflorescences of smut grass contaminated by B. australis. For five cattle were administered daily doses of 0.1 g/kg, 0.2 g/kg, 0.2 g/Kg, 0.26 g/kg and 0.34 g/kg for 4, 7, 9, 30 and 30 days respectively. After three to seven days of eating contaminated inflorescences four cattle had diarrhea, tachycardia, tachypnea and intermittent hyperthermia. These clinical signs coincided with warmer days and warmer temperatures of the day. An animal showed hyperemia in the coronary band of the hoof and loss of the tail end of the hair. According to results of this study in cattle, can prove that smut grass (Sporobolus indicus) contaminated by B. australis can cause hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, injuries in the coronary band of the hoof and loss of the tail end of the hair / Ergotismo é uma enfermidade causada pela ingestão de escleródios chamados de ergot, que contém alcalóides que atuam em receptores adrenérgicos, dopaminérgicos e seratoninérgicos causando efeito direto em vasos sanguíneos, musculatura lisa e sistema nervoso central e autônomo. Descrevem-se dados epidemiológicos, sinais clínicos e lesões de uma enfermidade de bovinos caracterizada por hipertermia, taquicardia, taquipneia e ulcerações na coroa do casco de bovinos. Inicialmente a etiologia foi atribuída ao fungo Claviceps purpurea. Entre 2000 e 2014 foram descritos 13 surtos, três da forma distérmica, três da forma nervosa e sete da forma gangrenosa. Porém, em cinco destes sete surtos, nos locais onde esses animais pastoreavam havia grande quantidade de inflorescências de Sporobolus indicus conhecido como “capim-mourão”, contaminadas por um fungo com coloração enegrecida, identificado como Bipolaris australis. A enfermidade foi reproduzida experimentalmente em cinco bovinos com a administração destas inflorescências. Os bovinos em experimentação receberam respectivamente doses diárias de 0,1g/kg, 0,2g/kg, 0,2g/kg, 0,26g/kg e 0,34g/kg por um período de 4, 7, 9, 30 e 30 dias. Após três a sete dias de ingestão das inflorescências contaminadas, quatro dos cinco animais apresentaram diarreia e manifestaram taquicardia, taquipneia e hipertermia em algum período durante a ingestão. Estes sinais coincidiram com os dias mais quentes deste período. Um animal manifestou hiperemia na coroa do casco e perda de pêlos da extremidade da cauda. Baseado na reprodução experimental é possível afirmar que o capim Sporobolus indicus contaminado pelo fungo Bipolaris australis é capaz de causar hipertermia, taquicardia, taquipneia, hiperemia na coroa do casco e perda de pêlos da extremidade da cauda

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-08-03T22:07:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O - RENATA VIEIRA SILVA.pdf: 1258695 bytes, checksum: 8741b07320d6f4c024d94e4aa2fd913a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-03T22:07:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O - RENATA VIEIRA SILVA.pdf: 1258695 bytes, checksum: 8741b07320d6f4c024d94e4aa2fd913a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-19 / Fruits of Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardeacea), popularly known as seriguela,are rich with phenolic compounds, which can be applied in the production of phytocosmetic. This study aimed to analyze the chemical constituents of the metanolic crude extract of S. purpurea (EBMSP) by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MSn) and to evaluate this extract as principle active in photoprotective formulations. In addition, the flavonoid and phenolic content, sequestration activity of free radicals by DPPH method and antimicrobial activity by the inhibition zone method, were investigated. HPLC-ESI-MSnanalyses were possible to characterize five phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, tannins and flavonols. The extract showed phenolic content and flavonoid values at 28.68 ? 0.046 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and at 2.64 ? 0.005 mg of flavonoid quercetin equivalent/g of extract, respectively. In vitro antioxidant activity showed percentage of inhibition of 74.41 to 250 ?g/mL, a high value compared with the rutin. The EBMSP demonstrated sunscreen activity, with solar protection factor (SPF) values> 6.0 at low dilutions and UVA protection equal to the reference standards benzophenone-3 and rutin. The best results among formulations 5, 10, 20 and 30% for UVA and UVB sunscreens profile corresponded to lotion 30%, however, no formulations showed synergism with the standard benzophenone-3. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity, suggests that the EBMSP has activity against Gram-negative micro-organisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella dublin, without action to strains of Escherichia coli. / Os frutos de Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardeacea), conhecidos popularmente como seriguela, s?o ricos em compostos fen?licos, que podem ser aplicados na produ??o de fitocosm?ticos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os constituintes qu?micos do extrato bruto metan?lico de S. purpurea(EBMSP) por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia acoplada ? espectrometria de massas (CLAE-ESI-EMn), avaliando sua utiliza??o como princ?pio ativo em formula??es fotoprotetoras. Em adi??o, o teor de fen?licos e de flavonoides, bem como a atividade de sequestro de radicais livres pelo m?todo de DPPH e atividade antimicrobiana pelo m?todo do halo de inibi??o, tamb?m foram verificados. A an?lise por CLAE-ESI-EMn possibilitou caracterizar cinco compostos fen?licos, entre eles ?cidos fen?licos, taninos e flavon?is. O extrato apresentou valores de teor de fen?licos e flavonoides de 28,68 ? 0,046 mg de equivalente a ?cido g?lico/g e 2,64 ? 0,005 mg de flavonoide equivalente a quercetina/g de extrato, respectivamente. A atividade antioxidante in vitro demonstrou percentual de inibi??o de 74,41 a 250?g/mL, valor elevadoquando comparado com o padr?o de rutina. A avalia??o do potencial fotoprotetor in vitro do EBMSP demonstrou atividade fotoprotetora, com valores de FPS>6,0 em baixas dilui??es, e prote??o UVA igual aos padr?es de benzofenona-3 e rutina. Os melhores resultados entre as formula??es de 5, 10, 20 e 30%, para o perfil fotoprotetor UVA e UVB, corresponderam ? lo??o de 30%, entretanto, nenhuma das formula??es obteve sinergismo com o padr?o de benzofenona-3. Para avalia??o da atividade antimicrobiana, sugere-se que o EBMSP possui atividade contra os micro-organismos Gram-negativos Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Salmonella dublin, sem a??o para cepas de Escherichia coli.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-03-17T14:18:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Katharina Rodrigues de Lima Porto Ramos.pdf: 2185372 bytes, checksum: d2b102a4f6ef6b42be28bada2852f309 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T13:36:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Katharina Rodrigues de Lima Porto Ramos.pdf: 2185372 bytes, checksum: d2b102a4f6ef6b42be28bada2852f309 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T13:36:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Katharina Rodrigues de Lima Porto Ramos.pdf: 2185372 bytes, checksum: d2b102a4f6ef6b42be28bada2852f309 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T13:36:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Katharina Rodrigues de Lima Porto Ramos.pdf: 2185372 bytes, checksum: d2b102a4f6ef6b42be28bada2852f309 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Diarrhea is often associated with excessive defecation caused by increased motility and secretion. Spondias purpurea L. belongs to the genus Spondias, used by the population as gastroprotecti ve, antidiarrheal and antimicrobial. The objecti ve of this work was to evaluate the antidiarrheal acti vity of crude ethanol extract and dichloromethane phase of S. purpurea L., in animal models. Were obtained from the ethanol extract (Sp-EtOHE) and phase dichloromethane (Sp-DCPM) of the leaves of S. purpurea. In determi ning phytochemical noted that Sp-EtOHE was approximately 6.70% of total flavonoids, polyphenols and 3.17%. Toxicological evaluation by the method of Artemia salina Leach, the samples showed values of 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 2300.67 ± 196.66 mg / mL for Sp-EtOHE and 1106.17 ± 102.24 mg / mL for Sp-DCPM, indicating not present toxicity. In Test Toxicology Preclinical acute was administered 2000 mg / kg Sp-EtOHE was observed only irritability reversed in females after the 2nd hour, this being a given insufficient for inferri ng toxicity, also did not cause variations i n the height or i n the macroscopic structure bodies, water consumption, diet and biochemical and hematological parameters. Unable to determine the LD50, as there were no deaths at the end of the 14 days of observation. With respect to antimicrobial acti vity by microdilution, there was no activity Sp-EtOHE and Sp-DCPM concentrations tested against the tested microorganisms. In determini ng the gastrointestinal motility through the model of induced diarrhea i n rats castor oil, the inhibition was 33, 54 and 63% Sp-EtOHE and 63, 68 and 85% for Sp-DCPM, both at doses of 125 , 250 and 500 mg/kg (po). It was observed a decrease i n the number of liquid stools at 41, 67 and 25% for Sp-EtOHE and 48, 68 and 65 for Sp-DCPM. In relation to the total number of feces both Sp- EtOHE and Sp-DCPM as presented similar behavior. The CRP-ultrasensitive was quantified and reduced levels of acute inflammation. There was an increase in the concentrations of ionograms. The study confirmed that Sp-DCPM minimized the histological damage in the ileum. The model to assess changes in gastric emptying and i ntesti nal motility values Sp-EtOHE and Sp-DCPM not statistically significant . These results show that S. purpurea may be possible antidiarrheal as indicated by the traditional medicine that does not cause constipation not reach the intesti nal bacterial flora and anti-inflammatory acti vity. / A diarreia está associada à frequência excessiva de defecação, provocada pelo aumento da motilidade e secreção. Spondias purpurea L. pertence ao gênero Spondias, utilizado pela população como gastroprotetora, antidiarreica e antimicrobiana. Assim, o objeti vo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antidiarreica do extrato etanólico bruto e da fase diclorometano de S. purpurea L., em modelos animais. Foram obtidos o extrato etanólico (EEtOH-Sp) e a fase diclorometano (FaDCM-Sp) das folhas de S. purpurea. Na determi nação fitoquímica foi observado que o EEtOH-Sp apresentou aproximadamente 6.70% de flavonóides totais, e 3,17% de polifenóis. Na avaliação toxicológica, pelo método da Artemia salina Leach, as amostras apresentaram valores de Concentração Letal 50% (CL ) de 2300,67±196,66 µg/mL para o EEtOH-Sp e 1106,17±102,24 µg/mL para a FaDCM- Sp, indicando não apresentarem toxicidade. No Ensaio Toxicológico Pré-clínico Agudo, foi administrada 2000 mg/kg do EEtOH-Sp e foi observada apenas irritabilidade revertida nas fêmeas após a 2ª hora, sendo este um dado insufi ciente para inferir toxicidade, também não provocou variações no peso nem na estrutura macroscópica dos órgãos, no consumo de água, ração e nos parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos. Não foi possível determinar a DL , visto que não houve mortes, ao fi nal dos 14 dias de observação. Com relação à ati vidade 50 antimicrobiana pela técnica de microdiluição, não foi observada atividade de EEtOHSp e FaDCM-Sp nas concentrações testadas frente aos microorganismos testados. Na determi nação da motilidade gastri ntesti nal, através do modelo de diarreia induzida por óleo de rícino em ratos, a inibição foi de 33, 54 e 63% para EEtOH-Sp e 63, 68 e 85% para FaDCM-Sp, ambos nas doses de 125, 250 e 500 mg/kg (v.o.). Foi observada uma diminuição do número de fezes líquidas em 41, 67 e 25% para EEtOH-Sp e 48, 68 e 65% para FaDCM-Sp. Em relação ao número total de fezes tanto o EEtOH-Sp quanto a FaDCM-Sp apresentaram comportamento semelhante. A PCR-ultrassensível foi quantificada e reduziu os níveis de inflamação aguda. Houve um aumento nas concentrações dos ionogramas. O estudo histopatológico confirmou que FaDCM-Sp minimizou o dano histológico no íleo. No modelo para avaliar alterações no esvaziamento gástrico e na motilidade intestinal, os valores do EEtOH-Sp e FaDCM-Sp não apresentaram significância estatística. Estes resultados mostram que S. purpurea pode ser um possível antidiarreico, como indicado pela medicina tradicional, que não causa constipação, não atinge a flora bacteriana intestinal e com atividade anti-inflamatória.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-03-18T11:35:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Cynthia Layse Ferreira de Almeida.pdf: 3612014 bytes, checksum: ff23a88527b4e07c470c1b649ddb0716 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T15:01:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Cynthia Layse Ferreira de Almeida.pdf: 3612014 bytes, checksum: ff23a88527b4e07c470c1b649ddb0716 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T15:01:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Cynthia Layse Ferreira de Almeida.pdf: 3612014 bytes, checksum: ff23a88527b4e07c470c1b649ddb0716 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T15:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Cynthia Layse Ferreira de Almeida.pdf: 3612014 bytes, checksum: ff23a88527b4e07c470c1b649ddb0716 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae), popularly known as “siriguela”, is used in folk medicine for the relief of fever and pain, as diarrhea medication, antispasmodic, diuretic, anti-anemic and analgesic. Pharmacognostic studies with the species indicate the strong presence of tannins, flavonoids and triterpenes in their leaves, and roots, which are generally related to the antiulcer activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of the extract phase of S. purpurea in animal models. For this, the ethanolic extract (Sp-EtOHE) and the dichloromethane fraction (Sp-DCMF) of leaves of S. purpurea were obtained. Regarding the gastroprotective activity, doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg (p.o.) were tested against different models of acute induction of ulcer by acidified ethanol, ethanol, stress immobilization and cold, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). In the model of acidified ethanol, there was a reduction in the ulcerative lesion index (ULI) for 61, 71 and 65% Sp-EtOHE and 29, 77 and 68% to Sp-DCMF. In ulceration caused by ethanol, Sp-EtOHE and Sp-DCMF in the same doses protect the gastric mucosa and were not altered parameters of the stomach contents of rats. The evaluation by the stress model, Sp-EtOHE and Sp-DCMF decreased the ULI in 23, 59 and 70% and 24, 61 and 72%, respectively. Previous models were made for the determination of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in blood samples and were observed significant reductions of this parameter. Similarly, in the model of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers, there was inhibition of injuries to Sp-EtOHE and Sp-DCMF. In order to investigate the mechanisms of action related to gastroprotection promoted by SpEtOHE (250 mg/kg) and Sp-DCMF (250 mg/kg) was evaluated the involvement of nitric oxide and sulfhydryl compounds. Thus, it was verified that the gastroprotective effect of S. purpurea not involve the participation of nitric oxide. However, this effect is related to the participation of sulfhydryl compounds. Thus, these data suggest that S. purpurea presents gastroprotective activity, possibly related to mechanisms cytoprotectives. / Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae), popularmente conhecida como “siriguela”, é utilizada na medicina popular para o alívio de febre e dores, como antidiarréico, antiespasmódico, diurético, analgésico e antianêmico. Estudos farmacognósticos realizados com a espécie indicam a presença marcante de taninos, flavonoides e triterpenos em suas folhas, e raízes, os quais geralmente estão relacionados com a atividade antiulcerogênica. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade gastroprotetora do extrato e fase de S. purpurea em modelos animais. Para isso foram obtidos o extrato etanólico (EEtOH-Sp) e a fase diclorometano (FaDCM-Sp) das folhas de S. purpurea. Com relação à atividade gastroprotetora, as doses de 125, 250 e 500 mg/kg (v.o.) do EEtOH e FaDCM foram testados frente a modelos de indução aguda de úlcera por etanol acidificado, etanol, estresse por imobilização e frio e anti-inflamatório não-esteroidal (AINE). No modelo de etanol acidificado, houve a redução do índice de lesão ulcerativo (ILU) em 61, 71 e 65% para EEtOH e 29, 77 e 68% para FaDCM. Nas ulcerações causadas por etanol, EEtOH-Sp e FaDCM-Sp nas mesmas doses protegeram a mucosa gástrica, bem como não foram alterados parâmetros do conteúdo estomacal dos ratos. Na avaliação pelo modelo do estresse, EEtOH-Sp e FaDCM-Sp diminuíram o ILU em 23, 59, 70 e 24, 61, 72%, respectivamente. Foram realizados para os modelos anteriores a dosagem da Proteína C reativa ultrassensível (PCR) nas amostras de sangue e foram observadas reduções significativas deste parâmetro. Da mesma maneira, no modelo de úlceras gástricas induzidas por AINE, houve inibição das lesões para EEtOH-Sp e FaDCM-Sp. No intuito de investigar os mecanismos de ação relacionados à gastroproteção promovida pelo EEtOH-Sp (250 mg/kg) e FaDCM-Sp (250 mg/kg), foi avaliado o envolvimento do óxido nítrico e dos grupamentos sulfidrílicos. Assim, foi observado que o efeito gastroprotetor de S. purpurea não envolve a participação do óxido nítrico. Entretanto, este efeito está relacionado à participação dos grupamentos sulfidrílicos, sugerindo que S. purpurea apresenta atividade gastroprotetora, possivelmente relacionada a mecanismos citoprotetores.

Rausvažiedė ežiuolė (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) apibūdinama kaip priemonė skatinanti medžiagų apykaitą; stimuliuojanti metabolizmo pakitimus ir ląstelių natūralią gynybą esant lėtinėms ir ūmioms ligoms; antiseptikas; dezinfekuojantis žaizdas agentas; vaistas. Darbo tikslas buvo atlikti fenolinių junginių analizę rausvažiedės ežiuolės (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) ekstraktuose, gautuose skirtingais metodais, naudojant spektrofotometrinį metodą ir efektyviąją skysčių chromatografiją. Darbo uždaviniai buvo optimizuoti ekstrakcijos sąlygas (maceracijos metodu) įvertinant skirtingas metanolio koncentracijas ir ekstrakcijos trukmės įtaką fenolinių junginių kiekybinei sudėčiai ekstraktuose; paruošti ekstraktus maceracijos, soksleto ir ekstrakcijos superkritiniais skysčiais metodais; optimizuoti efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos sąlygas; atlikti kokybinę ir kiekybinę fenolinių junginių analizę Rausvažiedės ežiuolės ekstraktuose, įvertinant a) skirtingas ekstraktų paruošimo metodikas; b) skirtingas augalo dalis. Tyrimo metu optimizuotos ekstrakcijos sąlygos (maceracijos metodu); nustatyta, kad daugiausiai fenolinių junginių išekstrahuota naudojant 70 % metanolį per pirmas 4 ekstrakcijos valandas. Paruošti ekstraktai maceracijos, soksleto ir ekstrakcijos superkritiniais skysčiais metodais. Spektrofotometru nustatyta, kad daugiausiai fenolinių junginių išekstrahuojama maceracijos metodu — 3 kartus daugiau nei soksleto metodu ir 14 kartų daugiau nei ekstrakcija... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (family Asteraceae) herbal medicines and dietary supplements are traditionally used as immunostimulants in the treatment of inflammatory and viral diseases. Employed are roots and aerial parts. The main active compounds of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench are alkamides and polyacetylenes, caffeic acid derivatives, polysaccharides and glycoproteins. With regard to caffeic acid derivatives, several compounds have been identified from the hydrophilic fractions of Echinacea extracts, such as caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and cichoric acid. Cichoric acid is found to be the main phenolic compound in E. purpurea. From the caffeic acid derivatives, only cichoric acid has shown immunostimulatory properties, promoting phagocyte activity in vitro and in vivo. In addition, cichoric acid has antihyaluronidase activity, and has a protective effect on the free-radical-induced degradation of collagen. Cichoric acid has also shown antiviral activity and has recently been found to inhibit HIV-1 integrase and replication. Tasks of investigation: to prepare samples for phenolic acids analysis by supercritical fluid, soxhlet extractions and maceration methods and optimize SPE parameters. Evaluate amount of cichoric acid and compare it in different parts of plant by spectrophotometric method. Optimize HPLC analysis conditions and identify the main phenolic acids by HPLC. Compare amounts of phenolic acids between plant parts and extraction methods... [to full text]

Vaistiniai augalai šiuolaikinėje medicinoje turi labai didelę reikšmę. Šiuo metu Lietuvoje – tradicinėje ir liaudies medicinoje naudojama apie 460 augalų rūšių. Rausvažiedė ežiuolė yra vienas iš populiariausių vaistinių augalų. Iš jos pagaminti vaistai vartojami odos, onkologinių ir peršalimo ligų gydymui. Vaistinei žaliavai naudojamos įvairios rausvažiedės ežiuolės dalys: lapai, žiedai, stiebai, šaknys ir t.t. Nuimta vaistinė augalinė žaliava yra labai drėgna. Susidaro ypač palanki terpė mikroorganizmams vystytis. Todėl vaistinės augalinės žaliavos paruošimui dažniausiai naudojamas džiovinimas. Džiovinimo būdai didžia dalimi nulemia vaistinės augalinės žaliavos kokybę. Tyrimų tikslas – ištirti ir palyginti džiūvimo sąlygų įtaką rausvažiedės ežiuolės žolės ir skirtingų jos dalių drėgmės mainams su aplinka. Nustatyta, kad standžios augalo morfologinės dalys lemia stabilesnę ir poringesnę vaistinės augalinės žaliavos sampilo struktūrą, todėl džiovinant rausvažiedės ežiuolės žiedus ir ypač smulkintus stiebus bei žolę susiformuoja palankesnės džiūvimui sąlygos nei, pavyzdžiui, skintų lapų sampile. / Medicinal plants are of great importance in modern medicine. Currently, Lithuania - traditional and folk medicine used for about 460 species of plants. Echinacea purpurea is one of the most popular medicinal plants. From these plants made drugs are used to treat skin diseases, oncological diseases and cold diseases. Various parts of Echinacea purpurea an used for medicinal materials: leaves, flowers, stems, roots, etc. Been harvested herbal ingredients are very moist. There is a particularly favorable environment for the development of microorganisms. Therefore, the preparation of medicinal plant raw materials commonly used in drying. Drying methods are largely determined by the quality of raw materials. Purposes of the study - to investigate and compare the drying conditions on Echinacea purpurea herbs and different parts of moisture exchange with the environment. It was found that the rigid parts of the plant determines the morphological stability and more porous medicinal plant raw materials layer structure, therefore drying purple cone flowers, and especially the chopped stems and grass formed favorable drying conditions than cutted leaves layer.

Echinacea purpurea belongs to adaptogenic plants containig pharmacologically active compounds. The most important parts of the plants for medical use are roots, but also aboveground parts are processed. The plants were grown in triennial precise small-parcel experiment using acetylsalicylic acid as an in vivo elicitor to increase the content of bioactive substances. The contents of cichoric acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and caftaric acid were assayed in roots, tops and flowers. Repeated application elicitors on leaves were conducted with three different concentrations in fortnightly intervals. Ethanol extracts from the plant samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. The effect of the elicitor on the content of bioactive substances was statistically significant. The optimal concentration of the elicitor considering the content of bioactive substances in roots is the middle one. The effect of elicitor is year-dependent.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2018-08-08T12:47:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcony Edson da Silva Junior.pdf: 2123336 bytes, checksum: 8dc7c336e7aaa53b84943aefa95d859e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T12:47:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcony Edson da Silva Junior.pdf: 2123336 bytes, checksum: 8dc7c336e7aaa53b84943aefa95d859e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / During processing through drying the food products may suffer reduction in nutritional quality when compared to the fresh product. The different drying methods (spouted bed drying, freeze drying and spray drying) may influence the quality of the final product differently. Therefore, it is necessary to know the drying method that will minimize these changes and maximize the efficiency of the process. The objective of this work was to verify the effect of the different drying methods (spray drying, spouted bed drying and freeze drying) on the nutritional and sensorial quality of the mixed pulp of acerola and ceriguela powder. Selecting the drying method that mainly provides a product with low water activity, humidity and hygroscopicity and greater retention of bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, carotenoids and phenolic compounds). The influence of process conditions on moisture, water activity, hygroscopicity and retention of ascorbic acid was analyzed by means of an experimental design 23 composed of 11 trials. The optimized conditions were obtained by analysis of the response surface plots for the mixed pulp of acerola and ceriguela powder in spouted bed, drying temperature (75ºC), suspension flow (5 mL/min) and carrier agent concentration (15%), in freeze dryer were temperature (-20°C), chamber pressure (500mTorr) and carrier agent concentration (25%). The optimized conditions, inlet temperature (140 ° C), liquid flow rate (0.60 L / h) and carrier agent concentration (14%) were used in the spray drying. Sensory analysis was perfomed with consumers through affective tests: acceptance with a structured hedonic scale of 9 points, CATA method, using a list of sensorial attributes previously defined, based on common characteristics for juices and refreshments of acerola and ceriguela and purchase intention. By the physico-chemical, physical, retention of bioactive compounds and sensorial analyzes it was obtained that the freezedryer produced the best and most accepted refreshment of mixed pulp of acerola and ceriguela. Freeze-dried was the drying method that showed the highest retention of ascorbic acid in the mixed pulp of acerola and ceriguela powder. Thus, the mixed pulp of acerola and ceriguela powder, is presented as an ingredient for the production of new food products, besides being reconstituted as a soft drink. / Durante o processamento por meio da secagem os produtos alimentícios podem sofrer redução na qualidade nutricional quando comparados ao produto fresco. Os diferentes métodos de secagem (leito de jorro, liofilização e atomização) podem influenciar diferentemente na qualidade do produto final. Portanto, torna-se necessário conhecer o método de secagem que minimizará essas mudanças e maximizará a eficiência do processo. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito dos diferentes métodos de secagem (leito de jorro, atomização e liofilização) sobre a qualidade nutricional e sensorial da polpa mista de acerola e ceriguela em pó. Selecionando o método de secagem que proporcione principalmente, um produto com baixa atividade de água, umidade e higroscopicidade e maior retenção de compostos bioativos (ácido ascórbico, carotenoides e compostos fenólicos). A influência das condições de processo sobre a umidade, atividade de água, higroscopicidade e retenção de ácido ascórbico foi analisada por meio de um planejamento experimental 23 composto por 11 ensaios. As condições otimizadas obtidas a partir da análise dos gráficos de superfície de resposta para os pós mistos de acerola e ceriguela desidratados em leito de jorro foram temperatura de secagem (75ºC), vazão de suspensão (5 mL/min) e concentração de agente carreador (15%) e em liofilizador, temperatura de liofilização (-20ºC), pressão da câmara (500mTorr) e concentração de agente carreador (25%). Em atomizador utilizouse as condições otimizadas, já existentes na literatura, temperatura de entrada (140 ºC), vazão de líquido (0,60 L/h) e concentração de agente carreador (14%). A análise sensorial foi realizada com consumidores por meio de testes afetivos: aceitação com escala hedônica estruturada de 9 pontos e o método CATA, utilizando uma lista de atributos sensoriais previamente definidos, baseados em características comuns para sucos e refrescos de acerola e ceriguela e intenção de compra. A partir das características físico-químicas, físicas, retenção de compostos bioativos e sensorial ficou evidenciado que a liofilização proporcionou a obtenção de pó que foi mais aceito como refresco de polpa mista de acerola e ceriguela e o que apresentou maior retenção de ácido ascórbico. Sendo assim a polpa mista de acerola e ceriguela em pó, obtida por liofilização pode ser considerada como um ingrediente rico em nutrientes e compostos bioativos a ser utilizada na produção de novos produtos alimentícios, além de ser reconstituída como refresco.

California is currently in the midst of a biodiversity crisis. There are approximately 5,000 native species of plants in California, a quarter of which are considered rare. Determining threats to these rare plants is often times difficult. Despite California's botanical resources, we still know very little about much of California’s rare plants. San Luis Obispo County is home to 2,000 of California’s native plant taxa, one- third of which are rare or endemic to the county. These species are of great local and environmental concern. In Chapter 1, we attempted to assess the impact of non native species on a threatened species in eastern San Luis Obispo County. We conducted an invasive thatch removal experiment on 10 vegetation plots of Camatta Canyon Amole, Hooveria purpurea var. reducta. The Camatta Canyon Amole (CCA) is a federally listed “threatened” plant that is only known to occur on 21.15 ha of land on Los Padres National Forest (LPNF). In the 1980s, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service established 10 plots to monitor the population of CCA. These biologists recorded a decrease in the CCA since the establishment of those plots in the 1980s. One hypothesis for the decline is the absence of cattle grazing from LPNF, which has resulted in the accumulation of a dense thatch layer. We experimentally removed this thatch layer in five of the 1980s vegetation plots to test this hypothesis. While our the experiment was designed to be a long term treatment, from the first 1.5 years, we found no relationship between thatch removal and the amount of CCA in each plot. The effect of our treatment may take many years to materialize. In Chapter 2, we conducted extensive botanical surveys of the Camatta Ranch, a 32,000 acre cattle ranch in eastern San Luis Obispo County. The goal of these surveys was to estimate the distribution and population size of CCA on private property, which has never before been accessed or surveyed. We did this in two ways: 1) We created a density ratio estimate based off of plot sampling done on the ranch and 2) we created a species distribution model (SDM) to predict the likelihood of presence throughout the ranch. Our surveys of Camatta Ranch, coupled with our SDM suggest that a majority of CCA’s preferred habitat is on Camatta Ranch, making the ranch of paramount concern for CCA’s protection. Our estimates suggest that 90% of the total population of CCA occurs on Camatta Ranch. In Chapter 3, we attempted to quantify biases in the literature about California’s flora. The California Floristic Province is one of the most biologically diverse floras in the world. Considerable legal and conservation attention is given to rare plants in California. However, there is no information as to the research effort given to rare species in California. Here we ask the question: Is there more research done on rare plants in California than on non-rare species? To answer this question, we quantified the amount of literature available on Google Scholar for California’s rare plants, weeds, and non-rare natives. To account for the differences in species geographic extent, we aggregated occurrence data for each species from GBIF to determine their ranges. We found that rare species were severely under-represented in the literature, even after accounting for the differences in species extent.

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