Uma metodologia rápida e seletiva foi desenvolvida para a quantificação da piridoxina em medicamentos. O método foi padronizado para aplicação da espectrofotometria derivada no ultravioleta na análise direta da vitamina em preparações multivitamínicas sólidas (cápsulas) e líquidas (solução oral e injetável). As interferências do espectro UV convencional devidas aos excipientes (veículos) e demais fármacos presentes foram eliminados. As retas de calibração foram calculadas, obtendo-se, para a derivada de 1ª ordem, o coeficiente de correlação linear de 0.99997. Os resultados foram estatisticamente estudados e determinaram-se o desvio padrão, coeficiente de variação e intervalo de confiança. O método foi empregado na análise de amostras comerciais e simuladas e os resultados, quando comparados com aqueles provenientes da aplicação do método da Farmacopéia Americana XXII rev., evidenciaram nítidas vantagens quanto à exatidão e precisão, além da facilidade operacional. / A rapid and selecrive method for rhe dererminarion of pyridoxine in pharmaceuticals has been described. The procedure has been developed using direct UV first-derivative spectrofotometry in solid and liquid preparations (tablets, oral solution and injection). Spectral inrerferences from formulation excipienrs and other drugs in simple UV spectrophotometric methods have been eliminated by the application of the proposed method. Calibration curves have been made and the correlation coefficienr for. the first-order derivative was 0,99997. Standard deviation, coefficient of variation and confidence interval were calculated. The method was applied in the analysis of commercial and simulated samples. The results when compared with those obtained by using the USP 22nd. ed. official method shows clear advanrages related to accuracy, precision and practical application.

Uma metodologia rápida e seletiva foi desenvolvida para a quantificação da piridoxina em medicamentos. O método foi padronizado para aplicação da espectrofotometria derivada no ultravioleta na análise direta da vitamina em preparações multivitamínicas sólidas (cápsulas) e líquidas (solução oral e injetável). As interferências do espectro UV convencional devidas aos excipientes (veículos) e demais fármacos presentes foram eliminados. As retas de calibração foram calculadas, obtendo-se, para a derivada de 1ª ordem, o coeficiente de correlação linear de 0.99997. Os resultados foram estatisticamente estudados e determinaram-se o desvio padrão, coeficiente de variação e intervalo de confiança. O método foi empregado na análise de amostras comerciais e simuladas e os resultados, quando comparados com aqueles provenientes da aplicação do método da Farmacopéia Americana XXII rev., evidenciaram nítidas vantagens quanto à exatidão e precisão, além da facilidade operacional. / A rapid and selecrive method for rhe dererminarion of pyridoxine in pharmaceuticals has been described. The procedure has been developed using direct UV first-derivative spectrofotometry in solid and liquid preparations (tablets, oral solution and injection). Spectral inrerferences from formulation excipienrs and other drugs in simple UV spectrophotometric methods have been eliminated by the application of the proposed method. Calibration curves have been made and the correlation coefficienr for. the first-order derivative was 0,99997. Standard deviation, coefficient of variation and confidence interval were calculated. The method was applied in the analysis of commercial and simulated samples. The results when compared with those obtained by using the USP 22nd. ed. official method shows clear advanrages related to accuracy, precision and practical application.

There are mainly two manufacturing processes used in the pharmaceutical industry, namely direct compression and granulation of which granulation can be subdivided into wet granulation and dry granulation. Wet granulation is a process still widely used in the pharmaceutical industry and provides better control of drug content uniformity and compactibility at low drug concentrations. Lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were used as fillers in this study. Both these fillers possess unacceptable powder flow properties and the use of wet granulation may improve this property. One of the advantages of lactose monohydrate over MCC is that it is partially water soluble. A fractional factorial design was used in this study. Twelve tablet formulations were formulated containing different combinations of active ingredients (furosemide or pyridoxine hydrochloride), fillers (lactose monohydrate or MCC) and a binder (Kollidon® VA64) in three different concentrations (0.75, 1.5 or 3.0% w/w). The binder was used to produce granules by means of wet granulation, using ethanol as granulating fluid. The granules were dried in an oven and screened through different sized sieves to produce the final granulated powder formulations ready for tableting. A disintegrant (Ac-di-sol®) and lubricant (magnesium stearate) were incorporated into the granulated powder formulations extra-granular (0.5% w/w) and were kept as a constant in this study throughout all the formulations. A Turbula® mixer was used to mix the granulated powder formulations for a constant 5 minutes. During the first phase of the study, tablets were compressed using 2 compression settings (22 and 24). These compression settings were used to determine what effect different external pressures would have on the different tablet properties. Tablet weight for all the formulations was kept constant at 250 mg, although the volume of the matrix differed for each tablet formulation. The physical properties of the tablets were evaluated with regard to weight variation, mechanical strength (crushing strength and friability) and disintegration. Tablet formulation 12 yielded unsatisfactory tablets, due to poor powder flow into the die. Tablet formulations that contained the highest binder concentration (3.0% w/w) and were compressed at the highest compression setting (24) (formulations 4 and 9), exhibited the highest mechanical strength. The disintegration results revealed that the tablet formulations containing MCC as filler disintegrated faster compared to those containing lactose monohydrate. The increase in binder concentration caused an increase in mechanical strength, possibly decreasing tablet porosity, therefore prolonging disintegration time due to impeded water penetration into the tablet matrix. During the final phase of the study, dissolution studies were conducted on the different tablet formulations in 0.1 M HCl for 120 minutes. In terms of dissolution results, the initial dissolution rate (DRi) and extent of dissolution (AUC) were compared. It was found that the tablet formulations containing pyridoxine hydrochloride as active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) exhibited faster drug dissolution (higher DRi and AUC-values) compared to those tablet formulations containing furosemide. The faster dissolution exhibited by the pyridoxine hydro- chloride containing formulations can possibly be attributed to the fact that pyridoxine hydrochloride is good water soluble whereas furosemide is practically insoluble in water. The effect of the filler depended on the aqueous solubility of the filler and the concentration of the binder (Kollidon VA64) employed. An increase in binder concentration led to a decrease in the initial rate of dissolution as well as the extent of drug dissolution. In the case of the pyridoxine hydrochloride containing formulations, formulation 9 exhibited the slowest DRi and lowest extent of drug dissolution (1.40 ± 0.03 µg.cm-3.min-1 and 2396.52 ± 26.43 µg.cm-3.min respectively). In the case of the furosemide containing formulations, formulation 4 exhibited the slowest DRi and lowest extent of drug dissolution (0.22 ± 0.07 µg.cm-3.min-1 and 1018.62 ± 59.74 µg.cm-3 min respectively). In both cases, the formulations contained Kollidon VA64 in a concentration of 3% w/w and were compressed at compression setting 24. The disintegration process of tablets goes hand in hand with the dissolution process and results have shown that by establishing rapid contact between drug particles and the surrounding medium proves to be a necessity for rapid drug dissolution. Disintegration does not assure drug dissolution, but when prolonged, slower dissolution rates can be obtained, implying a slow rate and low extent of drug dissolution. The disintegrant in this study was incorporated extra-granular ensuring rapid tablet disintegration. However, due to binder concentration of 3% w/w, granule disintegration was probably negatively affected resulting in a lower drug surface area exposed to the surrounding dissolution medium, leading to a slower initial rate and extent of drug dissolution. From the results obtained during this study it was evident that formulation variables such as the type of filler, the concentration of the binder and compression setting employed during tablet manufacturing can have a ronounced effect on the pharmaceutical availability of the active ingredient. However, the extent of the effect was dependent on the aqueous solubility of the active ingredient. / Thesis (MSc (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

There are mainly two manufacturing processes used in the pharmaceutical industry, namely direct compression and granulation of which granulation can be subdivided into wet granulation and dry granulation. Wet granulation is a process still widely used in the pharmaceutical industry and provides better control of drug content uniformity and compactibility at low drug concentrations. Lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were used as fillers in this study. Both these fillers possess unacceptable powder flow properties and the use of wet granulation may improve this property. One of the advantages of lactose monohydrate over MCC is that it is partially water soluble. A fractional factorial design was used in this study. Twelve tablet formulations were formulated containing different combinations of active ingredients (furosemide or pyridoxine hydrochloride), fillers (lactose monohydrate or MCC) and a binder (Kollidon® VA64) in three different concentrations (0.75, 1.5 or 3.0% w/w). The binder was used to produce granules by means of wet granulation, using ethanol as granulating fluid. The granules were dried in an oven and screened through different sized sieves to produce the final granulated powder formulations ready for tableting. A disintegrant (Ac-di-sol®) and lubricant (magnesium stearate) were incorporated into the granulated powder formulations extra-granular (0.5% w/w) and were kept as a constant in this study throughout all the formulations. A Turbula® mixer was used to mix the granulated powder formulations for a constant 5 minutes. During the first phase of the study, tablets were compressed using 2 compression settings (22 and 24). These compression settings were used to determine what effect different external pressures would have on the different tablet properties. Tablet weight for all the formulations was kept constant at 250 mg, although the volume of the matrix differed for each tablet formulation. The physical properties of the tablets were evaluated with regard to weight variation, mechanical strength (crushing strength and friability) and disintegration. Tablet formulation 12 yielded unsatisfactory tablets, due to poor powder flow into the die. Tablet formulations that contained the highest binder concentration (3.0% w/w) and were compressed at the highest compression setting (24) (formulations 4 and 9), exhibited the highest mechanical strength. The disintegration results revealed that the tablet formulations containing MCC as filler disintegrated faster compared to those containing lactose monohydrate. The increase in binder concentration caused an increase in mechanical strength, possibly decreasing tablet porosity, therefore prolonging disintegration time due to impeded water penetration into the tablet matrix. During the final phase of the study, dissolution studies were conducted on the different tablet formulations in 0.1 M HCl for 120 minutes. In terms of dissolution results, the initial dissolution rate (DRi) and extent of dissolution (AUC) were compared. It was found that the tablet formulations containing pyridoxine hydrochloride as active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) exhibited faster drug dissolution (higher DRi and AUC-values) compared to those tablet formulations containing furosemide. The faster dissolution exhibited by the pyridoxine hydro- chloride containing formulations can possibly be attributed to the fact that pyridoxine hydrochloride is good water soluble whereas furosemide is practically insoluble in water. The effect of the filler depended on the aqueous solubility of the filler and the concentration of the binder (Kollidon VA64) employed. An increase in binder concentration led to a decrease in the initial rate of dissolution as well as the extent of drug dissolution. In the case of the pyridoxine hydrochloride containing formulations, formulation 9 exhibited the slowest DRi and lowest extent of drug dissolution (1.40 ± 0.03 µg.cm-3.min-1 and 2396.52 ± 26.43 µg.cm-3.min respectively). In the case of the furosemide containing formulations, formulation 4 exhibited the slowest DRi and lowest extent of drug dissolution (0.22 ± 0.07 µg.cm-3.min-1 and 1018.62 ± 59.74 µg.cm-3 min respectively). In both cases, the formulations contained Kollidon VA64 in a concentration of 3% w/w and were compressed at compression setting 24. The disintegration process of tablets goes hand in hand with the dissolution process and results have shown that by establishing rapid contact between drug particles and the surrounding medium proves to be a necessity for rapid drug dissolution. Disintegration does not assure drug dissolution, but when prolonged, slower dissolution rates can be obtained, implying a slow rate and low extent of drug dissolution. The disintegrant in this study was incorporated extra-granular ensuring rapid tablet disintegration. However, due to binder concentration of 3% w/w, granule disintegration was probably negatively affected resulting in a lower drug surface area exposed to the surrounding dissolution medium, leading to a slower initial rate and extent of drug dissolution. From the results obtained during this study it was evident that formulation variables such as the type of filler, the concentration of the binder and compression setting employed during tablet manufacturing can have a ronounced effect on the pharmaceutical availability of the active ingredient. However, the extent of the effect was dependent on the aqueous solubility of the active ingredient. / Thesis (MSc (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Nutrition))--Mahidol University, 1979.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:31:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 teixeira_cp_me_botfmvz.pdf: 259530 bytes, checksum: 826c003b1a1805b9d984d08e8e6b2d8d (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a suplementação de vitamina B6 em dietas práticas (Estudo – I) e purificadas (Estudo – II) sobre o desempenho produtivo e resposta hemática da tilápia do Nilo submetida a estímulo térmico. O período experimental foi de 91 dias, Estudo – I, e 84 dias, Estudo - II. No Estudo – I, 192 alevinos com peso médio inicial de 8,41 ± 0,22 g, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 32 tanques-rede de 200L (quatro tanques-rede/ aquário de 1000 L). No Estudo – II, 140 alevinos com peso médio inicial de 6,32 ± 0,16 g, foram distribuídos em 28 aquários de 50L. Foram avaliadas oito dietas, sendo quatro práticas e quatro purificadas com níveis crescentes de piridoxina (0,0; 5,0; 10,0 e 20,0 mg de piridoxal HCl /kg da dieta). Ao final do período experimental os peixes foram pesados e a ração quantificada para a avaliação do desempenho produtivo (ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar aparente, taxa de eficiência proteica, taxa de crescimento específico, taxa de retenção proteica e porcentagem de sobrevivência). Posteriormente, foram efetuadas as análises hematológicas dos peixes (contagem de eritrócitos, porcentagem de hematócrito, taxa de hemoglobina e confecção de lâminas de extensão sanguínea). Em seguida, 48 peixes foram transferidos para a sala de desafio, distribuídos em 24 aquários de 40 L (dois peixes/ aquário) e submetidos por três dias ao estímulo térmico (32ºC). Após este período, foram realizadas as mesmas análises hematológicas feitas anteriormente. Os peixes alimentados com dietas não suplementadas de piridoxina apresentaram menor ganho de peso e baixa retenção de proteína na carcaça. Sinais clínicos de deficiência de piridoxina como apatia, natação errática e hipersensibilidade foram observados em peixes alimentados com dieta purificada não suplementada, que, além de estarem... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the vitamin B6 supplementation in practical and purifiet diets on growth performance and hematological response of Nile tilapia subimitted to heat stress. The 91-day and 84-day trials were undertaken out, to evaluate the effect of vitamin B6 on hematological parameters and plasma protein plasma of Nile tilapia. 192 Nile tilapia fingerlings with approximately 8 g weight were randomly stocked into 32 200L-aquaria and fed practical diets, and 140 fingerlings with 6 g weight were randomly stocked into 28 50L-aquaria fed diets containingraded levels of vitamin B6 (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg pyridoxal HCl/kg diet). At the end of the experimental period, fish and diets were weighed to evaluate weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, survival, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention. Afterward, fish were bled and sample collected to evaluate hematological parameters. After these analyses the fish were transferred to the challenge room and distribuited into 48 aquaria, remaining at temperature of 32ºC during three days. At the end, the same hematological analyses were performed. Fish fed the non-supplemented diet showed reduced weight gain and protein retention. Clinical signs of vitamin B6 deficiency observed of fish fed purified diet non-supplemented resting and abnormal swimming, behavior and hypersensibility, anemia and low survival were observed. Vitamin B6 requirement of Nile tilapia is 5.0 mg pyridoxal/kg diet.

Orientador: Margarida Maria Barros / Banca: Wilson Massamitu Furuya / Banca: Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi / Resumo: A pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a suplementação de vitamina B6 em dietas práticas (Estudo - I) e purificadas (Estudo - II) sobre o desempenho produtivo e resposta hemática da tilápia do Nilo submetida a estímulo térmico. O período experimental foi de 91 dias, Estudo - I, e 84 dias, Estudo - II. No Estudo - I, 192 alevinos com peso médio inicial de 8,41 ± 0,22 g, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 32 tanques-rede de 200L (quatro tanques-rede/ aquário de 1000 L). No Estudo - II, 140 alevinos com peso médio inicial de 6,32 ± 0,16 g, foram distribuídos em 28 aquários de 50L. Foram avaliadas oito dietas, sendo quatro práticas e quatro purificadas com níveis crescentes de piridoxina (0,0; 5,0; 10,0 e 20,0 mg de piridoxal HCl /kg da dieta). Ao final do período experimental os peixes foram pesados e a ração quantificada para a avaliação do desempenho produtivo (ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar aparente, taxa de eficiência proteica, taxa de crescimento específico, taxa de retenção proteica e porcentagem de sobrevivência). Posteriormente, foram efetuadas as análises hematológicas dos peixes (contagem de eritrócitos, porcentagem de hematócrito, taxa de hemoglobina e confecção de lâminas de extensão sanguínea). Em seguida, 48 peixes foram transferidos para a sala de desafio, distribuídos em 24 aquários de 40 L (dois peixes/ aquário) e submetidos por três dias ao estímulo térmico (32ºC). Após este período, foram realizadas as mesmas análises hematológicas feitas anteriormente. Os peixes alimentados com dietas não suplementadas de piridoxina apresentaram menor ganho de peso e baixa retenção de proteína na carcaça. Sinais clínicos de deficiência de piridoxina como apatia, natação errática e hipersensibilidade foram observados em peixes alimentados com dieta purificada não suplementada, que, além de estarem... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the vitamin B6 supplementation in practical and purifiet diets on growth performance and hematological response of Nile tilapia subimitted to heat stress. The 91-day and 84-day trials were undertaken out, to evaluate the effect of vitamin B6 on hematological parameters and plasma protein plasma of Nile tilapia. 192 Nile tilapia fingerlings with approximately 8 g weight were randomly stocked into 32 200L-aquaria and fed practical diets, and 140 fingerlings with 6 g weight were randomly stocked into 28 50L-aquaria fed diets containingraded levels of vitamin B6 (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg pyridoxal HCl/kg diet). At the end of the experimental period, fish and diets were weighed to evaluate weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, survival, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention. Afterward, fish were bled and sample collected to evaluate hematological parameters. After these analyses the fish were transferred to the challenge room and distribuited into 48 aquaria, remaining at temperature of 32ºC during three days. At the end, the same hematological analyses were performed. Fish fed the non-supplemented diet showed reduced weight gain and protein retention. Clinical signs of vitamin B6 deficiency observed of fish fed purified diet non-supplemented resting and abnormal swimming, behavior and hypersensibility, anemia and low survival were observed. Vitamin B6 requirement of Nile tilapia is 5.0 mg pyridoxal/kg diet. / Mestre

Submitted by Michele Mologni (mologni@unoeste.br) on 2017-06-09T13:00:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Haruo Sawamura.pdf: 631191 bytes, checksum: 10a08f07560c2e5dae9d04f113f18ebf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-09T13:00:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Haruo Sawamura.pdf: 631191 bytes, checksum: 10a08f07560c2e5dae9d04f113f18ebf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-19 / Vitamins belong to a group of organic nutrients. They are essential in small quantities to life performing several functions in the metabolism and as antioxidants or resistance inducers. The lack of vitamins may cause many developmental and metabolic problem, as well as the excess may also be toxic. However, the use of an appropriate dose is necessary. The limited number of studies on the topic relative to orchids justified the need for this work, which aimed to evaluate the influence of B vitamins, Thiamin (B1), Nicotinamide (B3) and Pyridoxine (B6) on the development and seedling growth of Cattleya labiata, Cattleya walkeriana and Cattleya brevicaulis during 120 days. The seeds were obtained from UNOESTE Orchid Seedbank. In the Tissue Culture Lab at UNOESTE the experiment was carried out in in vitro half strength MS medium for seedling growth; with the variations in the vitamins: 0.025; 0.05; 0.1 and 0.2 mg L-1 for Thiamine, and 0.125; 0.25; 0.5 and 1 mg L-1 for Pyridoxine and Nicotinamide. The increment in the fresh weight at each 30 days, dry weight at the end, shoot and root length and the number of shoots and roots parameters were evaluated. The assayed complex B vitamins, thiamine, nicotinamide and pyridoxine exhibited isolate effects in orchid seedling growth. It is recommended to reduce the thiamine dosage to 0.025 mg L-1, decrease the dosage of pyridoxine to 0.125 mg L-1, and do not add nicotinamide in any concentration in the medium. / As vitaminas pertencem a um grupo de nutrientes orgânicos, sendo essenciais em pequenas quantidades a qualquer ser vivo, desempenhando funções diversas no metabolismo e atuando como antioxidantes e indutores de resistência. A carência das vitaminas pode acarretar diversos problemas de desenvolvimento e metabolismo, assim como o excesso também pode ser tóxico. A limitada quantidade de estudos referentes ao assunto em relação a orquídeas justificou a necessidade deste trabalho, que teve como objetivo avaliar a influência das vitaminas do complexo B, tiamina (B1), nicotinamida (B3) e piridoxina (B6) no desenvolvimento e crescimento de plântulas de Cattleya labiata, Cattleya walkeriana e Cattleya brevicaulis durante 120 dias. As sementes foram obtidas do Banco de Sementes de Orquídeas do Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais da UNOESTE. Foi realizado o cultivo in vitro das espécies com meio de cultura MS à meia concentração contendo variações das seguintes vitaminas: para tiamina as concentrações foram 0,025; 0,05; 0,1 e 0,2 mg L-1, para piridoxina e nicotinamida foram utilizadas as concentrações 0,125; 0,25; 0,5 e 1 mg L-1. Foram avaliados parâmetros de crescimento por meio de massa fresca parcial, massa seca final, o comprimento de plântulas: de parte aérea e de raiz, e o número de brotos para cada uma das espécies. As vitaminas do complexo B testadas, tiamina (B1), nicotinamida (B3) e piridoxina (B6) apresentaram efeito isoladamente na cultura de plântulas de orquídeas. Recomenda-se reduzir a dosagem de tiamina para 0,025 mg L-1, diminuir a dosagem de piridoxina para 0,125 mg L-1 e não acrescentar nicotinamida em nenhuma concentração no meio.

Entende-se por pólen apícola o resultado da aglutinação do pólen das flores, efetuado pelas abelhas operárias, mediante néctar e substâncias salivares, o qual é recolhido no ingresso da colmeia. A literatura descreve que esse alimento contém proteínas, carboidratos, lipídeos, vitaminas e minerais. De acordo com estudo prévio, amostras de pólen apícola in natura e desidratado, da cidade de Pariquera-Açu (São Paulo), apresentaram teores significativos de vitamina B1(tiamina) e B2 (riboflavina), além da presença dos vitâmeros da vitamina B3 (ácido nicotínico e nicotinamida) e B6 (piridoxal, piridoxol e piridoxamina) em sua composição o que foi associado à flora local explorada pelas abelhas. A região Sul do Brasil possui clima, relevo e vegetação diferenciados de outras regiões, necessitando-se assim da verificação do potencial vitamínico deste produto local. Destaca-se, ainda, o fato de que nesta região encontra-se um dos dois maiores produtores nacionais de pólen apícola (estado de Santa Catarina). O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal quantificar os teores das vitaminas do complexo B: vitaminas B1 e B2, assim como os vitâmeros das vitaminas B3 e B6. Foram coletados 28 lotes de pólen apícola desidratado de diferentes localidades da região Sul durante o período de agosto de 2011 a dezembro de 2012 que posteriormente foram armazenados, a -18 °C até o momento das análises. As vitaminas do complexo B foram analisadas por cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) na matriz pólen apícola desidratado e os resultados foram expressos em base seca. Entre as amostras analisadas foram verificados teores de vitamina B1 variando entre 0,46 e 1,83 mg / 100 g de pólen apícola; vitamina B2 de 0,40 à 1,86 mg / 100 g e quanto à vitamina B6 apenas os vitâmeros piridoxal e piridoxamina puderam ser quantificados em todos os lotes analisados. O piridoxal teve variação entre as amostras de 0,42 à 6,70 mg / 100 g e a piridoxamina de 0,26 à 0,95 mg / 100g. Em relação à vitamina B3, o vitâmero ácido nicotínico apresentou-se nos diferentes lotes variando de 0,68 à 3,93 mg / 100 g e a nicotinamida de 0,27 à 5,54 mg / 100 g de produto. Tomando-se como porção sugerida para consumo diário 25 g de pólen apícola, verificou-se que num total de 28 amostras, 15 foram consideradas fontes e 2 como ricas em tiamina; 19 lotes foram fontes e 3 ricos em riboflavina, e; 2 lotes foram fontes e 26 ricos em piridoxina segundo à Ingestão Diária Recomendada (IDR) para adultos como disponibilizado na Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) nº. 269, de 22 de setembro de 2005. / Bee pollen is understood to be the result of agglutination of pollen from flowers, made by worker bees, and nectar through salivary substances, which is collected at the hive entrance. The literature describes that this product contains proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals. Previous study with fresh and dehydrated bee pollen, from the city of Pariquera-Açu (São Paulo) showed significant levels of vitamin B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), presence of B3 (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) and B6 (pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, piridoxol) vitamins vitamers in its composition which was associated with the local flora explored by bees. Southern Brazil has a differentiated climate, topography and vegetation from other regions, thus requiring verification of vitamin potential of this local product. Also stands out the fact that this region is one of the two largest national producers of bee pollen (Santa Catarina state). This study aimed to quantify the levels of B complex vitamins: vitamins B1, B2, as well as the vitamers of vitamins B3 and B6. Thus, it was collected 28 batches of dehydrated bee pollen from different locations in the South during the period from August 2011 to December 2012. Samples were obtained and subsequently stored at -18 ° C until the analysis time. B vitamins were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in bee pollen dehydrated matrix and results were expressed on a dry basis. Among the samples it levels of vitamin B1 varied from 0.46 to 1.83 mg / 100 g; vitamin B2 from 0.40 to 1.86 mg / 100 g; and for vitamin B6, only the pyridoxal and pyridoxamine vitamers could be quantified in all analyzed batches. The pyridoxal had variation between samples from 0.42 to 6,70 mg / 100 g and pyridoxamine from 0.26 to 0.95 mg / 100g. Taking 25 g of bee pollen as suggested for daily intake portion, it was found in a total of 28 samples that 15 were considered sources and 2 rich in thiamine; 19 lots were sources and 3 rich in riboflavin, and; 2 lots were sources and 26 rich in pyridoxine in relation to the Reference Daily Intake (RDI) for adults as provided in Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) nº 269, de setembro de 2005.

This master‘s thesis deals with quantification of vitamin B6 in beverages, food supplements and raw materials in food industry. The literature retrieval part summarizes general information about vitamines, vitamine B6, nicotine acid and vitamine B1. Further on in this part there is described principle of high pressure liquid chromatography and quantification of individual vitamines. In the experimental there are listed used tools, apparatus and chemicals. There is described preparation of idividual samples of food supplements, energy drinks, multivitamine drinks, beers and brewer’s malts. This chapter also contains information about chromatographic separatory systems Shimadzu and SpectraSystem. The quantification was performed by high pressure liquid chromatography on a reverse phase with gradient elution and two ways of detection, fluorescent and spectrofotmetric. The result of experimental activities and vitamine content in analysed samples are presented in the next chapter. In the final contains summarization of results obtained in experimental part. The maser’s thesis was measured in the laboratory of Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology.