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<p>The essay investigates juvenile offenders experiences of the sanction ”ungdomstjänst” and how it may change attitudes towards committing criminal acts. The essay introduces qualitative interviews with four juvenile offenders, which have all executed ”ungdomstjänst”. The juveniles experiences of features that can be a part of the attitude change have been analyzed with a model of the motivation process, called ”Fyra F”, and four elements of persuading, which can affect an attitude change. The result shows that the juveniles experience ”ungdomstjänst” as punishing in varying degree, dependent of the different parts of the sanction. Positive experiences of the sanction include that it gives them an opportunity to see things from a different perspective as well as help to get out on the employment market. The analyze shows that ”ungdomstjänst” contain several aspects of the above model and elements which can affect the juveniles attitude to committing crimes. It also appears certain aspects which could be improved by professionals within “ungdomstjänst” in order to increase the number of opportunities to affect the different types of juvenile offenders that they encounter.</p>

The essay investigates juvenile offenders experiences of the sanction ”ungdomstjänst” and how it may change attitudes towards committing criminal acts. The essay introduces qualitative interviews with four juvenile offenders, which have all executed ”ungdomstjänst”. The juveniles experiences of features that can be a part of the attitude change have been analyzed with a model of the motivation process, called ”Fyra F”, and four elements of persuading, which can affect an attitude change. The result shows that the juveniles experience ”ungdomstjänst” as punishing in varying degree, dependent of the different parts of the sanction. Positive experiences of the sanction include that it gives them an opportunity to see things from a different perspective as well as help to get out on the employment market. The analyze shows that ”ungdomstjänst” contain several aspects of the above model and elements which can affect the juveniles attitude to committing crimes. It also appears certain aspects which could be improved by professionals within “ungdomstjänst” in order to increase the number of opportunities to affect the different types of juvenile offenders that they encounter.

In the context of the Swedish welfare state, the issue of child poverty has over the past decade become increasingly prominent within the political agenda. Most research on child poverty has been based on statistics and research on children’s everyday life and their experiences in situations of economic hardship has been in demand in international as well as Swedish research. The aim of this thesis is to explore and analyze children’s experiences of living within economic hardship as part of their identity work. In addition, it highlights how their agency can be understood as a way of dealing with their situation, as well as how child poverty – and the child position in a welfare state setting -  is understood and conceptualized by the society they live in.  The analysis was based on an interview study involving seventeen children between the ages of 6–18 in families living on or below the limit for receiving welfare benefits. The purpose of the interviews was to explore how these children experience economic hardship at home and among same-aged children, focusing their own strategies and agency. The thesis uses the field of childhood sociology as a theoretical starting point, and the empirical findings are analyzed with an interactionist approach which highlights the meaning of interaction and agency in relation to identity work. The strategies deployed by the children in this study was interpreted in the context of the limited space for agency that the child position entails as well as how their positioning as children, by themselves and others, creates a new understanding of the way poverty is managed by them. This thesis seeks to problematize the issue of child poverty in Sweden by stressing its complexities.  The thesis also emphasizes that it would be a simplification to label these children as merely stigmatized since the status of poverty as a stigma for children can be questioned.

På Hälsocenter Västmanland arbetar personalen utefter samtalsmodellen lösningsfokus i möten med klienter. Lösningsfokus är en modell vars syfte är att skapa en framtidsbild i samband med en förändring, främst hos individer men även i grupper eller organisationer. Lösningsfokus är en modell som fokuserar på erfarenheter och resurser hos individer. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur personalen på Hälsocenter Västmanland upplever att modellen lösningsfokus fungerar i möten med klienterna. För att svara på syftet användes en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjupersonerna till studien var personal på Hälsocenter Västmanland som arbetar nära klienter tillsammans med modellen lösningsfokus. Datamaterialet analyserades med hjälp av en induktiv manifest innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att lösningsfokus är en modell som bidrar med ett positivare beteende hos klienterna som kommer till Hälsocenter Västmanland. Modellen upplevdes inte som påfrestande för personalen då det är klienterna själva som ska komma fram till lösningar och hitta sina resurser. Dock ansågs det vara svårt att använda modellen om klienterna inte hade någon eller nedsatt kognitiv förmåga. / The employees at Hälsocenter Västmanland works with a model called solution-focus. Solution-focus is a model with the aim to create a image of the future in the context of a change, mainly individually but also in groups and organizations. Solution-focus is a model that focuses on experiences and resources of individuals. The purpose of the study was to examine how the staff at Hälsocenter Västmanland was experiencing the model solution- focus in meetings with clients. To answer the purpose a qualitative approach was used with semi-structured interviews. The respondents in the study were the employees at Hälsocenter Västmanland who works with clients along with the model solution-focus. The data was analyzed using an indicative manifest content analysis. The result showed that the solution- focus is a model that contributes to a positive behavior in the clients who comes to Hälsocenter Västmanland. The model is not perceived as stressful for the staff since it is the clients themselves who must come up with solutions and find resources within their lives. However, it can be difficult to use the model if the clients do not have any, or have a reduced cognitive ability.

Min studie undersöker en nyligen införd en-till-en-satsning i en svensk gymnasieskola, med tonvikt på upplevda utmaningar och möjligheter, liksom förhoppningar inför framtiden. Den metod jag valt är kvalitativa intervjuer med fem lärare, var och en slumpmässigt vald från varje utbildningsprogram skolan erbjuder. Studiens primära resultat är att lärarna verkar nöjda med satsningen, och tror den kommer att leda till stora fördelar i framtiden. De tror den kommer att leda till mer effektiva lektioner. Det finns dock en farhåga att vissa elever inte kommer att klara av att motstå frestelsen att använda sitt nya verktyg som en slags digital distraktion, och att de kommer att hamna efter som ett resultat av detta. Det finns också reservationer gällande vissa delar av implementationen. Informanterna hade gärna sett tidiga utbildningsinsatser för att lyfta alla lärare till en nivå där de hade kunnat utnyttja det nya systemet fullt ut. De önskar också att alla hårdvarukomponenter hade fungerat som de ska redan från början. Vissa viktiga delar har varit oanvändbara i nästan ett år. Dessa problem hade kunnat undvikas med bättre planering. Tidiga utbildningsinsatser, med tester av all nödvändig hårdvara, hade lett till en avsevärt bättre upplevelse för alla. / My study aspires to assess a recently implemented one-to-one computer initiative in a Swedish upper secondary school, with emphasis on perceived challenges and possibilities, as well as hopes for the future. The method chosen involves qualitative interviews with five teachers, randomly selected from each programme the school offers. The primary result of this study is that teachers seem satisfied with the initiative, and believe it will lead to great benefits in the future. They believe it will lead to more efficient lessons. There is a fear however, that some students will be unable to resist the temptation to use their new tool as a means of digital distraction, and that they will fall behind as a result. Also, there are reservations about parts of the implementation. The interviewees wish there had been early educational efforts to bring all teachers up to a level where they could use the system fully. They also wish all hardware components had worked as intended from the start. Some important parts have been unusable for almost a year. These problems could have been avoided with better planning. Early educational efforts, including testing of all necessary hardware, would have made for a substantially better experience for all.

The aim of the study is to show how a selected part of the European Language Portfolio, ELP, can support the assessment process for teachers. All the checklists at level A1 and My Language Goals from the Language Biography, a part of the ELP, are implemented and communicated in teaching in a 4th grade class of students. Two teachers are interviewed and both of their classes are compared in the study. One group worked for two weeks with the selected part of the Language Portfolio and the second group followed the regular curriculum for the same period of time. The teachers are interviewed before and after the ELP through support of mind maps. Results show that by using checklists at level A1 and My Language Goals students become aware of their own learning process. The goals presented in the selected part of the ELP may provide opportunities for the teachers to discuss the learning process with the students in the classroom and the students therefore become involved in the learning process. When the Syllabus was clarified for the students it increased their participation and awareness among them. According to the teachers, these are factors that support teachers in the assessment process. / Syftet med undersökningen är att visa hur en utvald del av den Europeiska språkportfolion, ESP, kan utgöra ett stöd i bedömningsprocessen för lärare. Samtliga checklistor på nivå A1 och Mina språkmål, från den Europeiska språkportfolions Språkbiografidel, implementeras och kommuniceras i undervisningen i en elevgrupp med elever i år 4. Informanterna i undersökningen är två lärare i engelska. Deras elevgrupper jämförs efter att den ena gruppen arbetat under två veckor med den utvalda delen av Språkportfolion och den andra efter ordinarie undervisningsplan. Lärarna intervjuas med stöd av föreställningskartor både före och efter projektarbetet. Resultaten visar att genom att använda checklistorna på nivå A1 och Mina Språkmål kan elevernas medvetenhet kring inlärning öka. Kunskapsmålen från checklistorna ger möjligheter till samtal om elevers kunskapsutveckling i den vardagliga verksamheten och eleverna blir på så sätt delaktiga i inlärningsprocessen. Konkretisering av kunskapskraven samt ökad delaktighet och medvetenhet hos eleverna är enligt lärarna faktorer som kan bidra till att underlätta arbetet med bedömningsprocessen.

Good conditions in the workplace, fairness in the workplace and the social differences contribute to a general improvement in public health. A health-promoting leader is working to create a workplace that promotes health, supports its employees and contributes to their wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the first-line managers in the city of Västerås experience and deal with their conditions and obstacles in the health-promoting leadership. A qualitative approach was chosen and the selection was six first-line managers working in three different areas of the City of Västerås. Managers were interviewed by an interviewguide and the material was analyzed with a manifest content analysis, with an inductive approach. The results showed that managers had knowledge of health-promoting leadership and that they were working with health promotion strategies, both deliberately and unconsciously. Conditions that affect the health promoting leadership proved knowledge, manager’s personality, requirements, collaboration and support. Obstacles in health leadership were considered for some time, ignorance and to many employees to be responsible for. There was a need for more knowledge and support in health leadership. The conclusions were that the conditions for health promotion leadership should be improved and there is a need for training in the subject and the support of the head of health promotion within the City of Västerås.

WHO rekommenderar hälso- och sjukvården att bli mer hälsofrämjande. Däremot visar forskning att hälso- och sjukvården inte lever upp till denna rekommendation. Landstinget Västmanland har dock gjort en satsning på det hälsofrämjande arbetet. Fyra hälsocenter har etablerats i länet till följd av detta. Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur personalen vid dessa hälsocenter upplevde sina förutsättningar att jobba hälsofrämjande med kost- och motionsvanor. Metoden som användes för att besvara syftet var kvalitativ. Datainsamlingen skedde genom att sex semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Fem hälsovägledare och en person med övergripande ansvar för hälsocenterverksamheten intervjuades. Datamaterialet analyserades med hjälp av en induktiv och manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar att hälsocenters arbete följer de grundprinciper som tagits fram för hälsofrämjande arbete. Stöd i organisationen och den egna kompetensen var faktorer som underlättade arbetet, medan bristfälliga lokaler och samverkansproblem till exempel var faktorer som upplevdes hindra arbetet. Slutsatserna som presenterats utifrån uppsatsens resultat var att delar av hälsocenters arbete fungerade bra men att det fanns vissa förbättringsmöjligheter. Till följd av att hälsocenters arbete bedömdes ligga i linje med grundprinciperna för hälsofrämjande arbete drogs även slutsatsen att verksamheten kan vara ett gott exempel för andra vårdorganisationer som önskar arbeta hälsofrämjande. / WHO recommend health services to become more health promoting. Yet, research indicates that health services don’t fulfill these recommendations. The county Landstinget Västmanland however, has made a commitment to work health promoting. Due to this commitment four Health facilities has been established in the county. The aim of this study was to investigate how the staff at these health facilities experienced their premises to work health promoting with diet- and physical activity habits. A qualitative method was used to answer this. Six semistructured interviews was performed to collect data. Five health counselors and one person with administrative responsibility for the health facilities was interviewed. An inductive and manifest qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The result indicated that the health facilities was working health promoting according to the fundamental principles for health promotion. The result also showed that a supportive organization and the individual competence was two factors among others that made the work easier. Inadequate facilities and collaboration issues for example was on the other hand factors that the respondents felt complicated their work. The conclusions drawn from the result is that parts of the health facilities, health promotion work is working well, but that there is room for improvements. Also the conclusion that the health facilities can set an example for other health services that wishes to become more health promoting was drawn.

WHO rekommenderar hälso- och sjukvården att bli mer hälsofrämjande. Däremot visar forskning att hälso- och sjukvården inte lever upp till denna rekommendation. Landstinget Västmanland har dock gjort en satsning på det hälsofrämjande arbetet. Fyra hälsocenter har etablerats i länet till följd av detta. Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur personalen vid dessa hälsocenter upplevde sina förutsättningar att jobba hälsofrämjande med kost- och motionsvanor. Metoden som användes för att besvara syftet var kvalitativ. Datainsamlingen skedde genom att sex semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Fem hälsovägledare och en person med övergripande ansvar för hälsocenterverksamheten intervjuades. Datamaterialet analyserades med hjälp av en induktiv och manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar att hälsocenters arbete följer de grundprinciper som tagits fram för hälsofrämjande arbete. Stöd i organisationen och den egna kompetensen var faktorer som underlättade arbetet, medan bristfälliga lokaler och samverkansproblem till exempel var faktorer som upplevdes hindra arbetet. Slutsatserna som presenterats utifrån uppsatsens resultat var att delar av hälsocenters arbete fungerade bra men att det fanns vissa förbättringsmöjligheter. Till följd av att hälsocenters arbete bedömdes ligga i linje med grundprinciperna för hälsofrämjande arbete drogs även slutsatsen att verksamheten kan vara ett gott exempel för andra vårdorganisationer som önskar arbeta hälsofrämjande. / WHO recommend health services to become more health promoting. Yet, research indicates that health services don’t fulfill these recommendations. The county Landstinget Västmanland however, has made a commitment to work health promoting. Due to this commitment four Health facilities has been established in the county. The aim of this study was to investigate how the staff at these health facilities experienced their premises to work health promoting with diet- and physical activity habits. A qualitative method was used to answer this. Six semistructured interviews was performed to collect data. Five health counselors and one person with administrative responsibility for the health facilities was interviewed. An inductive and manifest qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The result indicated that the health facilities was working health promoting according to the fundamental principles for health promotion. The result also showed that a supportive organization and the individual competence was two factors among others that made the work easier. Inadequate facilities and collaboration issues for example was on the other hand factors that the respondents felt complicated their work. The conclusions drawn from the result is that parts of the health facilities, health promotion work is working well, but that there is room for improvements. Also the conclusion that the health facilities can set an example for other health services that wishes to become more health promoting was drawn.