Partie de faits empiriques observés au Burkina Faso, cette thèse aborde la question des déterminants de la qualité de l’éducation. Bien que la Loi d’orientation de l’éducation ait définie une vision holistique, le système éducatif de ce pays est cloisonné en formel, non formel et informel. Le système formel est dominant mais peu performant. Le système non formel est marginalisé mais est porteur de qualité. Qu’est-ce qui explique cette qualité du non formel malgré sa marginalisation ? Comme réponse provisoire, l’auteur fait appel à l’ingénierie de formation, procède par une triangulation de théories interactionnistes pour cerner les cinq formules éducatives constituant l’objet d’observation central de la thèse. La recherche révèle deux phases dans le développement des formules éducatives: une phase d’investigation où les acteurs vivent des moments d’idéation, d’analyse puis de conception portant sur les solutions à trouver aux problèmes éducatifs; Une phase de mise en œuvre où ils réalisent le projet éducatif validé, suivent et évaluent activités, résultats et procèdent à leur diffusion. Positionnée dans l’éducation non formelle, l’ingénierie de formation s’enrichit de deux nouvelles étapes: l’idéation ou l’émergence de la commande sociale en éducation, et la diffusion, moyen de réingénierie des formules éducatives. En somme, la recherche aboutit au fait que le développement des alternatives éducatives mobilise une ingénierie de formation, source de leur qualité. Cette qualité influence le système formel. Ainsi, les systèmes formel et non formel échangent des approches et pratiques inscrivant le champ éducatif dans une logique de transaction sociale et de métissage. / Part of empirical facts observed in Burkina Faso, this thesis addresses the question of the determinants of the quality of education. Although the Education Orientation Law has defined a holistic vision, the education system in Burkina Faso is partitioned into formal, non-formal and informal. The formal system is dominant but inefficient. The non-formal system is marginalized but carries quality. What explains this quality of non-formal despite its marginalization? As an interim response, the author uses training engineering, proceeds by a triangulation of interactionist theories to identify the five educational formulas constituting the central observation object of the thesis.The research reveals two phases in the development of educational formulas: an investigation phase where the actors live moments of ideation, analysis and conception concerning the solutions to be found to the educational problems; An implementation phase where they carry out the validated educational project, monitor and evaluate activities, results and disseminate them. Positioned in non-formal education, training engineering is enriched by two new stages: ideation or the emergence of social demand in education, and dissemination, a means of re-engineering educational formulas.In sum, the research leads to the fact that the development of educational alternatives mobilizes a training engineering that ensures them a quality education. This quality influences the formal education system. Thus, the formal and non-formal systems exchange approaches and practices that place the educational field in a logic of social transaction and miscegenation.

This exploratory multiple embedded case study investigates perspectives on education reform under conditions of minority language endangerment in Sunan Yughur Autonomous County, a minority-district in northwest China. The study included three school sites: a Yughur minority urban school; a Yughur minority rural district school, and a Yughur majority rural district school and four embedded cases: school administrators, teachers, parents and students, of Yughur, other minority, or Han nationality. Adult stakeholders were interviewed on what is important to learn in “education for quality”, and what aspects of Yughur knowledge, culture and language should be included in school curriculum as part of education for quality, while students were asked what they enjoyed studying and whether they would enjoy learning stories, poems and songs in Yughur in school. Findings include strong support among parents and students regardless of ethnicity or school site for Yughur language and culture as “essential qualities” to foster in Sunan County school curriculum, with moderate to weak support among educators ranges with some variation among sites. Three parallel visions emerge from the study of what it means today for Chinese minority student to be an educated person in contemporary China: (a) regular Chinese-medium education; (b) multicultural Chinese-medium education; and (c) maintenance bilingual education in Yughur and Chinese. The third vision envisions developing additive bilinguals who know the heritage of their minority as well as the national curriculum in Mandarin. A vision of balanced bilingualism and multiculturalism that sees heritage languages and Mandarin as “resources” is shared by the large majority of parents and students, most teachers and some administrators. Holders of other visions for local minority education largely share a “Language as Problem” orientation towards minority languages. One aim of devolution of school-based curriculum authority is to develop schools’ individuality. This study reveals three divergent models of local schooling that have developed in one minority school district: one that centres on a monolingual model of national culture, one monolingual, multicultural model, and one bilingual, multicultural model, with the latter model corresponding more closely to minority stakeholder perspectives that schools should play a stronger role in the maintenance and revitalization of their cultural and linguistic heritage.

This exploratory multiple embedded case study investigates perspectives on education reform under conditions of minority language endangerment in Sunan Yughur Autonomous County, a minority-district in northwest China. The study included three school sites: a Yughur minority urban school; a Yughur minority rural district school, and a Yughur majority rural district school and four embedded cases: school administrators, teachers, parents and students, of Yughur, other minority, or Han nationality. Adult stakeholders were interviewed on what is important to learn in “education for quality”, and what aspects of Yughur knowledge, culture and language should be included in school curriculum as part of education for quality, while students were asked what they enjoyed studying and whether they would enjoy learning stories, poems and songs in Yughur in school. Findings include strong support among parents and students regardless of ethnicity or school site for Yughur language and culture as “essential qualities” to foster in Sunan County school curriculum, with moderate to weak support among educators ranges with some variation among sites. Three parallel visions emerge from the study of what it means today for Chinese minority student to be an educated person in contemporary China: (a) regular Chinese-medium education; (b) multicultural Chinese-medium education; and (c) maintenance bilingual education in Yughur and Chinese. The third vision envisions developing additive bilinguals who know the heritage of their minority as well as the national curriculum in Mandarin. A vision of balanced bilingualism and multiculturalism that sees heritage languages and Mandarin as “resources” is shared by the large majority of parents and students, most teachers and some administrators. Holders of other visions for local minority education largely share a “Language as Problem” orientation towards minority languages. One aim of devolution of school-based curriculum authority is to develop schools’ individuality. This study reveals three divergent models of local schooling that have developed in one minority school district: one that centres on a monolingual model of national culture, one monolingual, multicultural model, and one bilingual, multicultural model, with the latter model corresponding more closely to minority stakeholder perspectives that schools should play a stronger role in the maintenance and revitalization of their cultural and linguistic heritage.

The new paradigm in managing organisations, known as Total Quality Management (TQM), was investigated in this thesis. TQM as a management concept represents a fundamental change in the management approach of organisations (i.e. schools). TQM comprises a comprehensive change to the theory and practice of management, and focuses in particular on leadership and people. It is claimed in literature that the bulk of problems of organisations is leadership or management-related subsequently the implementation of TQM poses a major challenge to the managers of those organisations. It has become clear from literature that TQM comprises a radical departure from the traditional educational paradigm of bureaucracy, autocracy and mediocrity, towards a system that liberates the educator from bureaucratic red tape, and which provides for a model of empowerment and participation. This research was particularly aimed at the application of quality principles in secondary schools. The aims of the research were to • determine the nature and characteristics of TQM in schools through a review of the literature; • identify methods from the literature for the implementation of TQM in schools; • identify and analyse from the literature schools as case studies; • determine to what extent effective schools make use of TQM, and to what extent elements of TQM were to be identified in these schools; • determine whether the strategies employed in schools are based on TQM assumptions and could characterise them as effective in terms of TQM; • develop a management strategy for the improvement of the effectiveness of secondary schools through the implementation of TQM. A literature study was undertaken to analyse TQM and to determine methods for implementing TQM in schools. The empirical research consists of two phases: a quantitative phase comprising the use of a questionnaire to determine to what extent principals make use of TQM, and a qualitative phase in which principals, educators, learners and parents participated in interviews to determine what strategies schools use are based on TQM. Information from both the literature review and the empirical study was used to develop a management strategy as a guide for principals to improve the effectiveness of schools through TQM. The conclusion chapter contains a summary of the research, findings and recommendations 'in respect of the research aims. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003

The new paradigm in managing organisations, known as Total Quality Management (TQM), was investigated in this thesis. TQM as a management concept represents a fundamental change in the management approach of organisations (i.e. schools). TQM comprises a comprehensive change to the theory and practice of management, and focuses in particular on leadership and people. It is claimed in literature that the bulk of problems of organisations is leadership or management-related subsequently the implementation of TQM poses a major challenge to the managers of those organisations. It has become clear from literature that TQM comprises a radical departure from the traditional educational paradigm of bureaucracy, autocracy and mediocrity, towards a system that liberates the educator from bureaucratic red tape, and which provides for a model of empowerment and participation. This research was particularly aimed at the application of quality principles in secondary schools. The aims of the research were to • determine the nature and characteristics of TQM in schools through a review of the literature; • identify methods from the literature for the implementation of TQM in schools; • identify and analyse from the literature schools as case studies; • determine to what extent effective schools make use of TQM, and to what extent elements of TQM were to be identified in these schools; • determine whether the strategies employed in schools are based on TQM assumptions and could characterise them as effective in terms of TQM; • develop a management strategy for the improvement of the effectiveness of secondary schools through the implementation of TQM. A literature study was undertaken to analyse TQM and to determine methods for implementing TQM in schools. The empirical research consists of two phases: a quantitative phase comprising the use of a questionnaire to determine to what extent principals make use of TQM, and a qualitative phase in which principals, educators, learners and parents participated in interviews to determine what strategies schools use are based on TQM. Information from both the literature review and the empirical study was used to develop a management strategy as a guide for principals to improve the effectiveness of schools through TQM. The conclusion chapter contains a summary of the research, findings and recommendations 'in respect of the research aims. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003

ABSTRACT Starting in September 1997, the Hong Kong Education Commission has adopted School Self-Evaluation as part of the framework of Quality Assurance Mechanism for promoting quality education culture in schools. Under a project initiated by the Chinese University of Hong Kong, some primary and secondary schools started to implement school self-evaluation in their school. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of this self-evaluation framework based on principals’ and teachers’ perception of these participating schools. The relationships among school self-evaluation, school cultural changes, teacher co-operative learning culture and principal leadership are also explored. Furthermore, this study examines whether other factors, such as school type, teacher gender, teacher ranking position, teachers’ year-of-teaching-career and Chinese cultural values, will affect the implementation of self-evaluation in schools. A mixed approach of methodology was adopted for this research work. The findings indicated that school self-evaluation can initiate teacher co-operative learning culture, which in turn effects cultural changes in these schools. Also, the above named components play specific roles in the school self-evaluation implementation – school cultural change process: teacher co-operative learning culture acts as mediator, school self-evaluation as moderator and principal leadership as change facilitator.

ABSTRACT Starting in September 1997, the Hong Kong Education Commission has adopted School Self-Evaluation as part of the framework of Quality Assurance Mechanism for promoting quality education culture in schools. Under a project initiated by the Chinese University of Hong Kong, some primary and secondary schools started to implement school self-evaluation in their school. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of this self-evaluation framework based on principals’ and teachers’ perception of these participating schools. The relationships among school self-evaluation, school cultural changes, teacher co-operative learning culture and principal leadership are also explored. Furthermore, this study examines whether other factors, such as school type, teacher gender, teacher ranking position, teachers’ year-of-teaching-career and Chinese cultural values, will affect the implementation of self-evaluation in schools. A mixed approach of methodology was adopted for this research work. The findings indicated that school self-evaluation can initiate teacher co-operative learning culture, which in turn effects cultural changes in these schools. Also, the above named components play specific roles in the school self-evaluation implementation – school cultural change process: teacher co-operative learning culture acts as mediator, school self-evaluation as moderator and principal leadership as change facilitator.

Esta pesquisa analisa o discurso de educação de qualidade nas políticas curriculares para a Educação Básica forjadas no Brasil, no período compreendido entre 2003 e 2011, na vigência do governo de Luís Inácio Lula da Silva e no início do governo Dilma Roussef, procurando entender os nexos estabelecidos entre currículo e qualidade. Para tanto, é investigado o contexto de produção dos textos da referida política o Ministério da Educação (MEC), por meio da leitura de cinquenta e sete documentos assinados e/ou encomendados pela Secretaria de Educação Básica (SEB), pelo Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE) e pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais (INEP), os quais constituíram um corpus de estudo para esta pesquisa. Tal leitura tem como ferramenta de entrada e organização dos textos o programa computacional WordSmith Tools (versão 5), a partir do qual foi possível focar em significantes identificados como condutores dos sentidos de qualidade. A análise desse corpus de estudo é relacionada ainda aos programas de governo divulgados pelo Partido dos Trabalhadores na ocasião das campanhas eleitorais de 2002, 2006 e 2010, com vistas a uma maior compreensão do contexto político partidário ao qual a política curricular se conecta. A pesquisa se fundamenta na Teoria do Discurso de Ernesto Laclau, articulada às teorias do currículo produzidas por Alice Lopes e Elizabeth Macedo e à abordagem do ciclo de políticas de Stephen Ball e colaboradores. Com essa filiação teórica entende-se as políticas de currículo como produção cultural discursiva em múltiplos contextos, marcada pela contingência do social. A tese apresentada é a de que, na política Lula/Dilma, o significante educação de qualidade é tendencialmente vazio, representando, no que se refere ao currículo, tanto demandas por um ensino voltado para a distribuição igualitária do conhecimento, visto como possibilidade de promover a justiça social, quanto demandas por um ensino voltado para resultados estipulados e mensurados por meio de sistemas de avaliação nacional que atestam sua eficiência e que representam o discurso da qualidade que se pretende total, segundo o qual a educação é um investimento que precisa dar retornos. A equivalência entre demandas, aparentemente, antagônicas, é possibilitada pelo vínculo que o significante qualidade estabelece com a demanda por justiça social, ao ser adjetivado como social, dando origem ao discurso da qualidade social. A política de qualidade social da educação, portanto, constrói um discurso de promoção da justiça social por meio do currículo comum e da centralidade do conhecimento (verificável), lançando mão do vocabulário das perspectivas críticas e ao mesmo tempo utilizando-se de ações das perspectivas instrumentais, que reduz o currículo às dimensões instrucionais. São, portanto, duas cadeias de equivalência em disputa no cenário educacional: a cadeia da qualidade social, representada pelo projeto de poder Lula/Dilma, que se justifica pela demanda da justiça social e opera a ressignificação das lógicas da centralização curricular e suas formas de avaliar, e a cadeia da qualidade que se pretende total, representada pelo projeto de poder FHC, que condiciona a educação às demandas de produtividade do mercado / The present research analyzed the quality of education discourse in the Brazilian Elementary Education curricular policies between 2003 and 2011 under the Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and the beginning of Dilma Roussefs administrations, while trying to establish links between curriculum and quality. Therefore, the context of policy text production: Ministério da Educação (MEC) - is investigated by reading fifty-seven documents signed and/or ordered by the Secretaria de EducaçãoBásica (SEB), Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE) and Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais (INEP), which became the corpus of study for this research. The documents were entered and organized using the software WordSmith Tools (version 5), which allowed us to focus on signifiers identified as conductors of meanings of quality. This corpus of study was also analyzed with respect to the Partido dos Trabalhadores administrations programs announced during the electoral campaigns of 2002, 2006 and 2010, in order to better understand the political party context to which the curricular policies are connected. This research is based on the Theory of Discourse by Ernesto Laclau, linked to the curricular theories produced by Alice Lopes and Elizabeth Macedo and the policy cycle approach by Stephen Ball and collaborators. According to this theoretical background, the curricular policies are treated as a discursive cultural product in multiple contexts, defined by the social contingencies. The thesis presented is that the quality of education signifier for the curriculum is empty for the administrations of Lula/ Dilma; therefore it represents demands for both teaching as a way of equally sharing knowledge and promoting social justice, as well as demands for teaching to expected results measured by national evaluation systems that attest efficacy and represent the pretense total quality discourse, which views education as an investment that needs to provide returns. The quality signifier and its link with the demands for social justice allows for the equivalency between seemingly opposite demands, since the descriptor social originates the social quality discourse. The education social quality policy builds a discourse that promotes social justice via a communal curriculum and centralization of knowledge (verifiable), while at the same time utilizing the critical perspectives vocabulary and instrumental perspective actions, which reduce the curriculum to instructional dimensions. These are two competing chains of equivalences in the educational scene: the social quality chain, represented by the Lula/ Dilma administrations, which is justified by the demands for social justice and operates the re-signification of the curricular centralization and its evaluation styles and the pretense total quality chain, represented by the FHC administration, which conditions education to the market demands of productivity

Esta pesquisa analisa o discurso de educação de qualidade nas políticas curriculares para a Educação Básica forjadas no Brasil, no período compreendido entre 2003 e 2011, na vigência do governo de Luís Inácio Lula da Silva e no início do governo Dilma Roussef, procurando entender os nexos estabelecidos entre currículo e qualidade. Para tanto, é investigado o contexto de produção dos textos da referida política o Ministério da Educação (MEC), por meio da leitura de cinquenta e sete documentos assinados e/ou encomendados pela Secretaria de Educação Básica (SEB), pelo Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE) e pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais (INEP), os quais constituíram um corpus de estudo para esta pesquisa. Tal leitura tem como ferramenta de entrada e organização dos textos o programa computacional WordSmith Tools (versão 5), a partir do qual foi possível focar em significantes identificados como condutores dos sentidos de qualidade. A análise desse corpus de estudo é relacionada ainda aos programas de governo divulgados pelo Partido dos Trabalhadores na ocasião das campanhas eleitorais de 2002, 2006 e 2010, com vistas a uma maior compreensão do contexto político partidário ao qual a política curricular se conecta. A pesquisa se fundamenta na Teoria do Discurso de Ernesto Laclau, articulada às teorias do currículo produzidas por Alice Lopes e Elizabeth Macedo e à abordagem do ciclo de políticas de Stephen Ball e colaboradores. Com essa filiação teórica entende-se as políticas de currículo como produção cultural discursiva em múltiplos contextos, marcada pela contingência do social. A tese apresentada é a de que, na política Lula/Dilma, o significante educação de qualidade é tendencialmente vazio, representando, no que se refere ao currículo, tanto demandas por um ensino voltado para a distribuição igualitária do conhecimento, visto como possibilidade de promover a justiça social, quanto demandas por um ensino voltado para resultados estipulados e mensurados por meio de sistemas de avaliação nacional que atestam sua eficiência e que representam o discurso da qualidade que se pretende total, segundo o qual a educação é um investimento que precisa dar retornos. A equivalência entre demandas, aparentemente, antagônicas, é possibilitada pelo vínculo que o significante qualidade estabelece com a demanda por justiça social, ao ser adjetivado como social, dando origem ao discurso da qualidade social. A política de qualidade social da educação, portanto, constrói um discurso de promoção da justiça social por meio do currículo comum e da centralidade do conhecimento (verificável), lançando mão do vocabulário das perspectivas críticas e ao mesmo tempo utilizando-se de ações das perspectivas instrumentais, que reduz o currículo às dimensões instrucionais. São, portanto, duas cadeias de equivalência em disputa no cenário educacional: a cadeia da qualidade social, representada pelo projeto de poder Lula/Dilma, que se justifica pela demanda da justiça social e opera a ressignificação das lógicas da centralização curricular e suas formas de avaliar, e a cadeia da qualidade que se pretende total, representada pelo projeto de poder FHC, que condiciona a educação às demandas de produtividade do mercado / The present research analyzed the quality of education discourse in the Brazilian Elementary Education curricular policies between 2003 and 2011 under the Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and the beginning of Dilma Roussefs administrations, while trying to establish links between curriculum and quality. Therefore, the context of policy text production: Ministério da Educação (MEC) - is investigated by reading fifty-seven documents signed and/or ordered by the Secretaria de EducaçãoBásica (SEB), Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE) and Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais (INEP), which became the corpus of study for this research. The documents were entered and organized using the software WordSmith Tools (version 5), which allowed us to focus on signifiers identified as conductors of meanings of quality. This corpus of study was also analyzed with respect to the Partido dos Trabalhadores administrations programs announced during the electoral campaigns of 2002, 2006 and 2010, in order to better understand the political party context to which the curricular policies are connected. This research is based on the Theory of Discourse by Ernesto Laclau, linked to the curricular theories produced by Alice Lopes and Elizabeth Macedo and the policy cycle approach by Stephen Ball and collaborators. According to this theoretical background, the curricular policies are treated as a discursive cultural product in multiple contexts, defined by the social contingencies. The thesis presented is that the quality of education signifier for the curriculum is empty for the administrations of Lula/ Dilma; therefore it represents demands for both teaching as a way of equally sharing knowledge and promoting social justice, as well as demands for teaching to expected results measured by national evaluation systems that attest efficacy and represent the pretense total quality discourse, which views education as an investment that needs to provide returns. The quality signifier and its link with the demands for social justice allows for the equivalency between seemingly opposite demands, since the descriptor social originates the social quality discourse. The education social quality policy builds a discourse that promotes social justice via a communal curriculum and centralization of knowledge (verifiable), while at the same time utilizing the critical perspectives vocabulary and instrumental perspective actions, which reduce the curriculum to instructional dimensions. These are two competing chains of equivalences in the educational scene: the social quality chain, represented by the Lula/ Dilma administrations, which is justified by the demands for social justice and operates the re-signification of the curricular centralization and its evaluation styles and the pretense total quality chain, represented by the FHC administration, which conditions education to the market demands of productivity

A escola de tempo integral tem feito parte de discursos políticos, documentos e metas educacionais do país como uma possível (e promissora) proposta para o alcance de uma educação de qualidade. Considerando isso, este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o Projeto Escola de Tempo Integral, criado pela Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo em 2005. Este Projeto incentivou a participação de escolas de tempo parcial da rede estadual de ensino que tivessem salas de aula em número suficiente para atendimento em período integral, além do interesse da comunidade escolar em aderir à iniciativa. Neste modelo, crianças e adolescentes do 1º ao 9º ano do ensino fundamental teriam a possibilidade de realizar atividades em período integral dentro da própria escola, cuja Matriz Curricular era composta por aulas comuns às escolas de tempo parcial e por oficinas, de diversas áreas temáticas, na Parte Diversificada do currículo. Tendo este Projeto como norteador, essa pesquisa buscou aprofundar questões referentes ao ensino fundamental em tempo integral e ao direito à educação de qualidade por meio de pesquisas documental e bibliográfica, com consulta e análise de documentos oficiais, bem como com a realização de pesquisa de campo, para conhecimento da dinâmica deste Projeto numa escola da rede estadual de São Paulo. Foram realizadas entrevistas com crianças, pais/responsáveis, professores, gestores e responsáveis pelo Projeto em nível central. Verificou-se que a escola pesquisada não passou por nenhuma reestruturação para o atendimento de crianças em período integral, não recebeu recursos financeiros diferenciados e as orientações para implementação do Projeto foram insuficientes, influenciando, negativamente, o clima escolar e o trabalho pedagógico. A participação da comunidade foi, praticamente, inexistente e a única prioridade pedagógica explícita, os resultados a serem alcançados nas provas do SARESP, visando atingir a meta do indicador de avaliação estadual de desempenho escolar dos alunos o IDESP. / The term full-time school has been part of political speeches, documents and educational goals in Brazil as a possible (and promising) proposal to achieve quality education. Taking this into consideration, this thesis had the purpose of analyzing the Full-Time School Project, devised by the Sao Paulo State Education Department in 2005. Such Project encouraged the participation of part-time schools from the state system which had sufficient classrooms to operate in full-time scheme, in addition to the interest of the school community in taking on the initiative. According to this model, children and teenagers from 1st through 9th grade of elementary/middle school would have the possibility of performing activities full time within the school, whose curriculum matrix consisted of the same classes taught in the part-time schools and workshops, from several subject areas, in the diversified portion of the curriculum. Taking this Project as a guiding element, my research sought to take an in-depth look into the issues concerning full-time elementary/middle school and the right to a quality education through documental and bibliographical review, consulting and analyzing official documents, as well as a field research, in order to get to know the dynamics of this Project in a school of the Sao Paulo state education system. Interviews were conducted with children, parents/guardians, teachers, managers and the officers in the charge of Project on the central level. I have found that the school being researched did not go through any restructuring process in order to serve the children in a full-time routine, did not get extra financial funds and guidance to implement the Project were insufficient. This adversely affected the school ambience and the pedagogical work. The involvement of the community was virtually non-existent and the only explicit pedagogical priority was the results that should be achieved in the SARESP (institutional assessment) tests, whose goal was to reach the score of state assessment of the students´ academic achievement IDESP.