In news reports, journalists often make references to what spokespersons from public organizations have announced. While doing so, reporting verbs are not an uncommon occurrence (Li, Zhao &amp; Lou, 2023: 2). This study, analyzes reporting verbs that occur with either Greenpeace and WWF, also referred to as green organizations, or with British Petroleum and Exxon, also referred to as oil companies. Over the years, the trends of reporting verb utilization have changed, turning more colloquial than before (Mair 1998: 153). A strong indicator of this is the increase of the verb say that is also one of the most common reporting verbs in this study. It should be noted that out of 22 266 verb occurrences, the verb say peaked at 13808 (62,01 percent). The oil companies represented 47.18 percent of all the instances and the green organizations peaked at 52.82 percent. Another noteworthy finding is the difference in reporting verb usage, where urgency verbs such as call and warn were more frequently occurring with the green organizations. The RVs that occurred with oil companies, on the other hand, were more neutral discourse verbs such as report, announce and say. / <p>Examinationen ägde rum online via Zoom. </p>

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Yes / Polysialic acid (polySia) is a linear polysaccharide comprised of N-acetylneuraminic acid residues and its over-expression in cancer cells has been correlated with poor clinical prognosis. An assay has been developed for quantitative analysis of cellular polySia expression. This was achieved by extracting and purifying released polySia from glycoproteins by mild acid hydrolysis and optimised organic extraction. The polySia was further hydrolysed into Sia monomers, followed by fluorescent labelling and quantitative analysis. The assay was qualified utilising endoneuraminidase-NF to remove polySia from the surface of C6-ST8SiaII cancer cells (EC50 = 2.13 ng/ml). The result was comparable to that obtained in a polySia-specific cellular ELISA assay. Furthermore, the assay proved suitable for evaluation of changes in polySia expression following treatment with a small molecule inhibitor of polysialylation. Given the importance of polySia in multiple disease states, notably cancer, this is a potentially vital tool with applications in the fields of drug discovery and glycobiology.

O ácido elágico é um composto fenólico responsável por diversas atividades biológicas tais como antioxidante e/ou anticarcinogênica e está presente algumas frutas e nas nozes. As bagas, mais conhecidas como berries e a romã são as fontes mais conhecidas de ácido elágico, porém, não são alimentos usualmente consumidos na dieta brasileira. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um screening em frutas e sementes em relação aos seus teores de ácido elágico e a partir do screening, selecionar uma fruta para estudo dos teores de ácido elágico durante sua maturação. Um total de 35 variedades de frutas (21 famílias botânicas) e 11 tipos de sementes (9 famílias botânicas) foram avaliadas por CLAE quanto ao teor de ácido elágico livre e total. O ácido elágico total foi quantificado após hidrólise dos elagitaninos utilizando TFA 2N a 120&#186;C por 90 minutos. O ácido elágico foi encontrado em 10 das 35 variedades de frutas e em 3 das 11 variedades de sementes avaliadas. Em frutas, seus teores variaram entre 0,28 e 8,5 mg/100 g b.u. de ácido elágico livre e entre 21,5 e 311 mg/100 g b.u. de ácido elágico total, sendo a jabuticaba, a grumixama e o cambuci (família Myrtaceae) as frutas que apresentaram os maiores teores. Entre as sementes, 3 amostras apresentaram entre 0,37 e 41 mg/100 g e entre 149 e 823 mg/100 g respectivamente de ácido elágico livre e total, sendo as nozes e a pecan (família Juglandaceae), as principais fontes. Em frutas que apresentaram ácido elágico, realizou-se ainda uma caracterização quanto aos teores de fenólicos totais, vitamina C e capacidade antioxidante. A partir destes resultados, a jabuticaba foi a fruta selecionada para estudo dos teores de ácido elágico em função dos estágios de maturação, onde se observou em todas as porções casca, polpa e semente, decréscimo nos seus teores com a maturação. / Ellagic acid is a phenolic compound present in fruis and nuts which acts as potent anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic. Berries and pomegranate are the main sources of ellagic acid, however, these fruits are not commonly consummed in the Brazilian diet. Thus, the objective of this work was screened fruits and nuts for content of ellagic acid and according to this, one fruit was selected for studing the ellagic acid content during maturation. Thirty five varieties of fruits (21 bothanical families) and eleven nut samples (9 bothanical families) were evaluated for content of ellagic acid by HPLC. Total ellagic acid content was quantified after ellagitannins hydrolysis using 2N TFA 120&#186;C for 90 min. Ellagic acid was detected in 10 of 35 fruits and in 3 of 11 nuts. The content of free ellagic acid in fruits varied from 0.28 to 8.5 mg/100 g (FW) and the total ellagic acid varied from 21.5 to 311 mg/100g (FW), whereas jabuticaba, grumixama and cambuci (Myrtaceae family) showed higher ellagic acid content. Among nuts, three samples showed free and total ellagic acid content ranging from 0.37 to 41 and from 149 to 823 mg/100 g (FW) respectively. Among them, walnut and pecan (Juglandaceae family) were the main sources. Total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and ascorbic acid content were also evaluated in fruits which contained ellagic acid. According these results, jabuticaba was selected for determine the content of ellagic acid during maturation and it was observed decreasing in all parts - skin, pulp and seed - during maturation.

O ácido elágico é um composto fenólico responsável por diversas atividades biológicas tais como antioxidante e/ou anticarcinogênica e está presente algumas frutas e nas nozes. As bagas, mais conhecidas como berries e a romã são as fontes mais conhecidas de ácido elágico, porém, não são alimentos usualmente consumidos na dieta brasileira. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um screening em frutas e sementes em relação aos seus teores de ácido elágico e a partir do screening, selecionar uma fruta para estudo dos teores de ácido elágico durante sua maturação. Um total de 35 variedades de frutas (21 famílias botânicas) e 11 tipos de sementes (9 famílias botânicas) foram avaliadas por CLAE quanto ao teor de ácido elágico livre e total. O ácido elágico total foi quantificado após hidrólise dos elagitaninos utilizando TFA 2N a 120&#186;C por 90 minutos. O ácido elágico foi encontrado em 10 das 35 variedades de frutas e em 3 das 11 variedades de sementes avaliadas. Em frutas, seus teores variaram entre 0,28 e 8,5 mg/100 g b.u. de ácido elágico livre e entre 21,5 e 311 mg/100 g b.u. de ácido elágico total, sendo a jabuticaba, a grumixama e o cambuci (família Myrtaceae) as frutas que apresentaram os maiores teores. Entre as sementes, 3 amostras apresentaram entre 0,37 e 41 mg/100 g e entre 149 e 823 mg/100 g respectivamente de ácido elágico livre e total, sendo as nozes e a pecan (família Juglandaceae), as principais fontes. Em frutas que apresentaram ácido elágico, realizou-se ainda uma caracterização quanto aos teores de fenólicos totais, vitamina C e capacidade antioxidante. A partir destes resultados, a jabuticaba foi a fruta selecionada para estudo dos teores de ácido elágico em função dos estágios de maturação, onde se observou em todas as porções casca, polpa e semente, decréscimo nos seus teores com a maturação. / Ellagic acid is a phenolic compound present in fruis and nuts which acts as potent anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic. Berries and pomegranate are the main sources of ellagic acid, however, these fruits are not commonly consummed in the Brazilian diet. Thus, the objective of this work was screened fruits and nuts for content of ellagic acid and according to this, one fruit was selected for studing the ellagic acid content during maturation. Thirty five varieties of fruits (21 bothanical families) and eleven nut samples (9 bothanical families) were evaluated for content of ellagic acid by HPLC. Total ellagic acid content was quantified after ellagitannins hydrolysis using 2N TFA 120&#186;C for 90 min. Ellagic acid was detected in 10 of 35 fruits and in 3 of 11 nuts. The content of free ellagic acid in fruits varied from 0.28 to 8.5 mg/100 g (FW) and the total ellagic acid varied from 21.5 to 311 mg/100g (FW), whereas jabuticaba, grumixama and cambuci (Myrtaceae family) showed higher ellagic acid content. Among nuts, three samples showed free and total ellagic acid content ranging from 0.37 to 41 and from 149 to 823 mg/100 g (FW) respectively. Among them, walnut and pecan (Juglandaceae family) were the main sources. Total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and ascorbic acid content were also evaluated in fruits which contained ellagic acid. According these results, jabuticaba was selected for determine the content of ellagic acid during maturation and it was observed decreasing in all parts - skin, pulp and seed - during maturation.

This thesis adopts a mixed-method approach of quantitative and qualitative analysis to discuss the role of women, especially female speakers and addressees, in Valerius Flaccus’ Argonautica. In addition to the traditional individual mortal and divine speech roles, discourse categories such as the influence of the Muses, the presentation of female personifications, female collectives, frame and inserted speakers, and goddesses in disguise are also taken into consideration. The study shows that, despite the shared subject matter and greatly overlapping ensemble of speakers, Valerius makes significant changes in nearly all categories of female speech representation. Valerius entirely omits some of Apollonius’ female speech acts, reduces speeches from oratio recta to mere speech summaries, replaces Greek goddesses with similar, but not equivalent Roman speakers, assigns new speech roles to previously silent female characters, adds important new episodes with female speakers that do not occur in Apollonius’ epic, changes the speech contexts, the conversational behaviour and the overall characterization of speakers – in isolated individual instances as well as in more complex character portrayals. Valerius even modifies or transfers entire discourse patterns such as conversational deceit in speech and silence, or divine disguise, from one speaker group to another, usually of the opposite sex. Valerius transforms the Apollonian arrangement of a male-dominated, 'epic' first half following the invocation of Apollo and a second female, 'elegiac' half with many female speech acts and epiphanies, after a revision of the narrator’s relationship with the Muses, into a more traditional portrayal of the Muses and a much more balanced occurrence and continued influence of female speakers. The different female voices of the Argonautica, especially Juno, can continuously be heard in the Flavian epic and provide the reader with an alternative perspective on the events. Even the less prominent female speakers are part of a well-balanced and refined structural arrangement and show influences of several pre-texts, which they sometimes self-consciously address and use to their advantage. There can be no doubt that, like Apollonius, Valerius does not merely use female speech acts to characterise the male protagonists, but follows a clear structuring principle. Whereas Apollonius in accordance with his revised invocation of the Muses concentrates the female speech acts in the second half of his epic, especially the final book, Valerius links episodes and individual characterizations through same-sex and opposite-sex speaker doublets and triplets that can be ascribed to and explained by Jupiter’s declaration of the Fata. From Juno’s unofficial opening monologue to Medea’s emotional closing argument, the female voice accompanies and guides the reader through the epic. The female perspective is not the dominant view, but rather one of many perspectives (divine, mortal, female, male, old, young, servant, ruler, et al.) that complement the primary viewpoint of the poet and the male, mortal protagonists and offer an alternative interpretation.

Computed tomography is a very useful technic which allow non-invasive diagnosis in many applications for example is used with success in industry and medicine. However, manual analysis of the interesting structures can be tedious and extremely time consuming, or even impossible due its complexity. Therefore in this thesis we study and develop discrete geometry and topology algorithms suitable for use in many practical applications, especially, in the problem of automatic quantitative analysis of the human airway trees based on computed tomography images. In the first part, we define basic notions used in discrete topology and geometry then we showed that several class of discrete methods like skeletonisation algorithms, medial axes, tunnels closing algorithms and tangent estimators, are widely used in several different practical application. The second part consist of a proposition and theory of a new methods for solving particular problems. We introduced two new medial axis filtering method. The hierarchical scale medial axis which is based on previously proposed scale axis transform, however, is free of drawbacks introduced in the previously proposed method and the discrete adaptive medial axis where the filtering parameter is dynamically adapted to the local size of the object. In this part we also introduced an efficient and parameter less new tangent estimators along three-dimensional discrete curves, called 3D maximal segment tangent direction. Finally, we showed that discrete geometry and topology algorithms can be useful in the problem of quantitative analysis of the human airway trees based on computed tomography images. According to proposed in the literature design of such system we applied discrete topology and geometry algorithms to solve particular problems at each step of the quantitative analysis process. First, we propose a robust method for segmenting airway tree from CT datasets. The method is based on the tunnel closing algorithm and is used as a tool to repair, damaged by acquisition errors, CT images. We also proposed an algorithm for creation of an artificial model of the bronchial tree and we used such model to validate algorithms presented in this work. Then, we compare the quality of different algorithms using set of experiments conducted on computer phantoms and real CT dataset. We show that recently proposed methods which works in cubical complex framework, together with methods introduced in this work can overcome problems reported in the literature and can be a good basis for the further implementation of the system for automatic quantification of bronchial tree properties

In this thesis, we present novel software technology for the analysis of wireless networks, an emerging area of computer science. To address the widely acknowledged lack of formal foundations in this field, probabilistic model checking, a formal method for verification and performance analysis, is used. Contrary to test and simulation, it systematically explores the full state space and therefore allows reasoning about all possible behaviours of a system. This thesis contributes to design, modelling, and analysis of ad-hoc networks and randomised distributed coordination protocols. First, we present a new hybrid approach that effectively combines probabilistic model checking and state-of-the-art models from the simulation community in order to improve the reliability of design and analysis of wireless sensor networks and their protocols. We describe algorithms for the automated generation of models for both analysis methods and their implementation in a tool. Second, we study spatial properties of wireless sensor networks, mainly with respect to Quality of Service and energy properties. Third, we investigate the contention resolution protocol of the networking standard ZigBee. We build a generic stochastic model for this protocol and analyse Quality of Service and energy properties of it. Furthermore, we assess the applicability of different interference models. Fourth, we explore slot allocation protocols, which serve as a bandwidth allocation mechanism for ad-hoc networks. We build a generic model for this class of protocols, study real-world protocols, and optimise protocol parameters with respect to Quality of Service and energy constraints. We combine this with the novel formalisms for wireless communication and interference models, and finally we optimise local (node) and global (network) routing policies. This is the first application of probabilistic model checking both to protocols of the ZigBee standard and protocols for slot allocation.

Title of Work: Analysis of team game performance of basketball representation of the Czech Republic at the European Championship 2013 in Slovenia. Objectives of Thesis: The main goal of our work is to compare team game performances of Group C and compare the final results of the Czech Republic representation in detail with its rivals at the European Championship in 2013. Partial target is a comparison of average merits between groups of teams which made it to the second round of the tournament of the European Championship 2013 which didn't succeed. Methods of Work: The chief method of the writing was a quantitative analysis of video records of all of the games of Group C, European Championship 2013 with detailed final results of the Czech Republic and its rivals. While using the method of observation, we registered the characteristics of the games and then compared it within the participating teams. In the second part, we compared the final results of pointers of the moving teams to the qualification and teams which didn't' succeed in Group C, European Championship 2013 in Basketball. Results of Work: Based on our work, we found out that the Czech Republic Team presented itself at the European Championship 2013 with different performance in individual games. The basic element of the Czech Team was...