<p>In my dissertation I propose that the detailed representation of food and eating in seventeenth-century Spanish art and literature has a double purpose: to reaffirm a state of well-being in Spain, and to show a critical position, because artistic creations emphasize those subjects who, because of social status or cultural background, do not share such benefits. This double purpose explains why literature and painting stress the distance between foodstuffs and consumers, turning food into a commodity that cannot be consumed directly, but through its representation and value. Cervantes's writing is invoked because, especially in Don Quixote, readers can see how the protagonist rejects food for the sake of achieving higher chivalric values, while his companion, Sancho Panza, faces the opposite problem: having food at hand and not being able to enjoy it, especially when he achieves his dream of ruling an island. The principle is similar in genre painting: food is consumed out of the picture in still lifes, or out of the hands of the represented characters in kitchen scenes, for they are depicted cooking for others. Because of the distance between product and consumer, foodstuffs indicate how precedence and authority are established and reproduced in society. In artistic representations, these apparently unchangeable principles are mimicked by the lower classes and used to establish parallel systems of authority such as the guild of thieves who are presented around a table in a scene of Cervantes's exemplary novel "Rinconete and Cortadillo." Another problem to which the representation of foodstuffs responds is the inclusion of New Christians from different origins. In a counterpoint with the scenes in which precedence is discussed, and frequently through similar aesthetic structures, Cervantes and his contemporaries create scenes where the Christian principle of sharing food and drinking wine together is the model of inclusion that dissolves distinctions between Old and New Christians. I argue that this alternative project of community can be related to the expulsion of the Moriscos from Spain, decreed in 1609, because this event made many subjects interrogate themselves about their own status and inclusion. An artistic model of response to these interrogations about belonging is the figure of the roadside meal, which appears as the main motif of a meal shared by Sancho and a self-proclaimed Christian Morisco in the second part of Don Quixote, and reappears in a painting by Diego de Velázquez, which presents in the foreground a dark-skinned servant working in a kitchen, and in the background another roadside meal: the Supper at Emmaus. Both in literature and painting the way of preparing meals, eating and drinking creates ties, establishes a different principle of belonging, and promotes unity. In this alternative model characters are recognized as subjects of the kingdom as long as they eat and drink the way Christians do. Even though this model still leads to a single Christian kingdom, paintings and writings suggest a different form of cohesion, in which subjects are considered equal and recognize each other because of their participation.</p> / Dissertation

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First functioning as image based text and then as a widely illustrated book, the impact of the literary figure Don Quixote outgrew his textual limits to gain near-universal recognition as a cultural icon. Compared to the relatively small number of readers who have actually read both extensive volumes of Cervantes´ novel, an overwhelming percentage of people worldwide can identify an image of Don Quixote, especially if he is paired with his squire, Sancho Panza, and know something about the basic premise of the story. The problem that drives this paper is to determine how this Spanish 17^(th) century literary character was able to gain near-univeral iconic recognizability. The methods used to research this phenomenon were to examine the character´s literary beginnings and iconization through translation and adaptation, film, textual and popular iconography, as well commercial, nationalist, revolutionary and institutional appropriations and determine what factors made him so useful for appropriation. The research concludes that the literary figure of Don Quixote has proven to be exceptionally receptive to readers´ appropriative requirements due to his paradoxical nature. The Quixote’s “cuerdo loco” or “wise fool” inherits paradoxy from Erasmus of Rotterdam’s In Praise of Folly. It is Don Quixote´s paradoxy that allows readers and viewers to choose the aspects of the protagonist that they find most useful. Some of that difference in interpretation has been diachronic, starting with a burlesque view of Don Quixote as the insane hidalgo, later developing a romantic interpretation of the protagonist as a noble knight. Much of that difference has been geographical, with Spanish appropriators tending to reflect Don Quixote as a heroic reflection of national character, and many outside of Spain choosing to use the knight as a symbol of impracticality and failure. Ultimately, Don Quixote´s long lasting influence has been due to his ability to embody the best of the human spirit; the desire to fashion oneself into a more noble identity and achieve greater deeds than one´s cultural environment would normally allow.

Fictional characters who mistake reality for fiction can be considered as parodies, beings invented by the author to denounce the illusions of which they are victims. But this viewpoint is not valid if the novels in which those "mistaken readers" exist suggest, to the contrary, that reality is problematic; it is therefore impossible to judge the characters without "afterthoughts", since these characters, in a way, are pointing to the fact that the reality they live in is "unreal". / Such is the case with Madame Bovary and Don Quijote. These two novels, as a result of different "techniques", essentially tell their readers to be suspicious about what is "true" and what is "false". These are novels without a strong authorial voice, novels that speak more about how characters conceive reality than about reality itself, which remains in both cases a complete mystery. / This viewpoint can be extended into a definition of the novel, in terms of what it says (or doesn't say) about the world. And in fact, a novel doesn't say anything about the world, at least not directly. It could be described as "a machine" made from what the characters say. Obviously, such a machine cannot be taken too seriously, since nobody (that is to say no real person) is actually saying what is being said in its pages. But at the same time, by refusing to show the fictional world in itself, (by always showing it through the eyes of fictional characters), the novelist reminds his reader that the real world itself is inescapably ambiguous.

abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the materiality of a unique text, Random House and The Illustrated Modern Library’s 1946 Don Quixote, illustrated by Catalonian painter Salvador Dalí. It analyzes Dalí’s classical trajectory, how Dalí and the text were received in mid-twentieth century North America, and how they both fit into the print history of illustrated editions of Don Quixote. Each is revealed to be unique in comparison with the history of the genre due to the publishing house’s utilization of Dalí’s high-quality illustrations in a small-sized text. Lavish illustrations traditionally have been reserved for larger, collectible editions. The contemporary material significance of the 1946 edition is revealed by examining organizations, people, and circumstances that were necessary for its production in the United States, and by contextualizing the text’s reception by North American popular culture, high art echelons, and art critics. The overarching history of illustrated editions of Don Quixote is examined, comparing Dalí and his illustrations with important thematic and methodological benchmarks set by illustrators within this 400-year period, especially regarding renderings of reality and fantasy. Analyses of the first three watercolor illustrations of Dalí’s 1946 Don Quixote reveal how the painter forms mythological imagery and composes the quixotic dichotomy of reality and fantasy through the metaphoric gaze of an inanimate figure representing the protagonist. Dalí at times renders the “real” Don Quixote as incapacitated, omitting from his illustrations universalized iconography utilized in previous centuries achieved by rendering Don Quixote’s perspective, gaze, and heroic interpretation of events. In these three illustrations, Dalí forms Don Quixote as a deflated figure based in burla (mockery) and engaño (self-deception) by negating Don Quixote’s gaze within the compositions, without compromising the painter’s trademark surrealist style. The text therefore challenges the genre’s print history while Dalí challenges French and German Romantic illustrators’ universalized iconography that traditionally highlights the nobility of the knight errant. By focalizing fantastic madness as interacting with burlesque reality, Dalí creates a new episteme within the genre of illustrated editions of Don Quixote, establishing his unique niche as an illustrator in this genre. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Spanish 2017

In order to disseminate the taste for the literary reading it is necessary to find out which genres provide this contact between readers and the literary narratives. This research brings out the analysis of reading reception in Dom Quixote das Crianças, a Monteiro Lobato’s adaptation of Cervantes’ El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de La Mancha for children’s literature in the mid-twentieth century and which was also adapted for comics in the 21th century by André Simas. This study presents the historical contextualization of children’s book, the presence of Monteiro Lobato and his adaptations, having Dona Benta as a reading mediator character between the children in the Sítio do Picapau Amarelo (Yellow Woodpecker Farm) and the young readers who are in touch with Lobato’s narrative. ¨There is also an analysis of the book studied and the story adapted for comics, having its historicity mentioned as well. The theoretical background review is based on the Theory of Aesthetics Reception considering its important for the reading reception analysis of a group of students at the age of 12 years old. Then, the study presents the analyses of a Reading Workshop carried out during the research, including a reading circle, narrative illustrations made by students and a questionnaire for further data analysis. Finally, the analysis of students’ answers are presented, they are the reflection of the reading activities. Thus, the present research aims at contributing to young readers’ education, favoring young readers’ encouragement and taste for literary reading with the purpose of promoting and improving children’s cultural and communicative performances as well as suggesting new ways to practice reading inside and outside classrooms. Keywords: Children’s book; Reading Reception; Dom Quixote das Crianças. / Submitted by Rogele Pinheiro (rogele.pinheiro@unisul.br) on 2018-01-17T17:01:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 102501_Fernanda.pdf: 24917660 bytes, checksum: 91250177a710181a785e8a3ed5cf0d6d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gheovana Figueiredo (gheovana.figueiredo@unisul.br) on 2018-01-17T17:21:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 102501_Fernanda.pdf: 24917660 bytes, checksum: 91250177a710181a785e8a3ed5cf0d6d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-17T17:21:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 102501_Fernanda.pdf: 24917660 bytes, checksum: 91250177a710181a785e8a3ed5cf0d6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Para disseminar o gosto pela leitura literária entre os jovens leitores é necessário averiguar os gêneros que oportunizam o contato do leitor com as narrativas literárias. Esta pesquisa traz à cena a análise da recepção leitora de Dom Quixote das crianças, título adaptado por Monteiro Lobato em prosa, que consiste num projeto de leitura embasado na narrativa cervantina El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de La Mancha para a literatura infantil em meados do século XX e que é redesenhado para as histórias em quadrinhos (HQs) em pleno século XXI, por André Simas. Estão presentes às linhas deste trabalho a contextualização histórica da literatura infantil, a presença de Monteiro Lobato enquanto adaptador de narrativas direcionadas à literatura para infância, tendo Dona Benta como a personagem mediadora da leitura entre a turma do Sítio e dos jovens leitores que estão em contato com a narrativa lobatiana. Há uma análise do título em estudo em prosa, bem como, do texto (re)adaptado para as HQs, que tem sua historicidade também mencionada. O embasamento teórico está vinculado à teoria da Estética da Recepção por ser primordial à análise da recepção leitora de um grupo de estudantes cuja faixa etária está enquadrada aos 12 anos. Logo, seguem as análises oportunizadas pela Oficina de Leitura proposta para a realização desta pesquisa com o círculo de leitura, ilustrações da narrativa por parte dos estudantes e aplicação de questionários para posterior análise dos dados. Por fim, encontra-se a análise das respostas dos alunos que são reflexos das atividades das leituras realizadas. Assim, a presente pesquisa visa a contribuir para a formação de jovens leitores, favorecendo o incentivo e apreço pela leitura literária entre o público infantil e juvenil com o intuito de oportunizar a ampliação dos desempenhos comunicativos e culturais das crianças, bem como vislumbra novos olhares para a prática leitora dentro e fora da sala de aula.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-15T01:01:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000462644-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 2877024 bytes, checksum: c3a47b766e9e7930fa5c7f2082e46855 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / From the literary works of the twentieth century with projects for rewriting El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de La Mancha, novel by Miguel de Cervantes, this study aims to delineate the map of intertextual relations that Rayuela, a novel by Julio Cortázar, established with such literary projects. Two narratives listed as the rewriting projects of Don Quixote in the twentieth century are focused: (1) Museo de la Novela de la Eterna, novel by Macedonio Fernández, and (2)"Pierre Menard, Autor del Quijote", tale by Jorge Luis Borges. The idiosyncrasies of the narrative modes - tale and romance - are addressed from theoretical and critical perspective that writers have formulated about the genera to theories on the novel by Mikhail Bakhtin and Georg Lukács. The reader that reverses its reading to writing, the reader as a character and as a textual element of narrative structure was taken as a central discussion element among the literary works. For this question, the theoretical contribution of Wolfgang Iser was taken into account with the Implied Reader theory, and Umberto Eco, with the Reading Model theory. The 'intertextual relations' matter is subsidized by the theories of Gérard Genette with Palimpsests, and by Linda Hutcheon with A Theory of Parody. / Partindo de obras do século XX que tiveram por projetos a reescritura do romance O Engenhoso Fidalgo Dom Quixote de la Mancha, de Miguel de Cervantes, este estudo procura delinear o mapa das relações intertextuais que O Jogo da Amarelinha, romance de Julio Cortázar, estabeleceu com tais projetos literários. Focalizamos duas narrativas que figuram como projetos de reescritura do Quixote no século XX: o romance Museu do Romance da Eterna, de Macedonio Fernández, e o conto “Pierre Menard, autor do Quixote”, de Jorge Luis Borges. As idiossincrasias das modalidades das narrativas – conto e romance – são abordadas desde a perspectiva teórico-crítica que os escritores formularam sobre os gêneros, às teorias sobre o romance de Mikhail Bakhtin e Georg Lukács. Tomamos como elemento central de discussão entre as obras o leitor que reverte sua leitura em escritura, o leitor como personagem e como elemento textual da estrutura narrativa. Para esta questão, contamos com o aporte teórico de Wolfgang Iser, com a teoria do leitor implícito, e de Umberto Eco, com a teoria do Leitor-Modelo. A matéria ‘relações intertextuais’ está subsidiada pelas teorias de Gerárd Genette, com Palimpsestos, e de Linda Hutcheon, com Uma Teoria da Paródia.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, 2010. / Submitted by Thaíza da Silva Santos (thaiza28@hotmail.com) on 2011-02-11T18:06:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_KarlaCalasansdeMello.pdf: 1915506 bytes, checksum: e2d7fe4a711d8968e3dcb1966f2f4c88 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Daniel Ribeiro(daniel@bce.unb.br) on 2011-02-12T00:12:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_KarlaCalasansdeMello.pdf: 1915506 bytes, checksum: e2d7fe4a711d8968e3dcb1966f2f4c88 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-02-12T00:12:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_KarlaCalasansdeMello.pdf: 1915506 bytes, checksum: e2d7fe4a711d8968e3dcb1966f2f4c88 (MD5) / O sujeito de estudo desta cantata é Dulcinea Del Toboso, a Dama sem-par criada por Dom Quixote na narrativa intitulada O Engenhoso Fidalgo Dom Quixote de La Mancha, escrita por Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra nos anos de 1605 (Livro primeiro) e 1615 (Livro segundo). A investigação dá-se a partir de dois princípios: o silêncio e o feminino em Dulcinea, que são cantados em diferentes melodias “Nos En(tre)cantos de Dulcinea Del Toboso- uma cantata cênica”. Ademais, a pesquisa ganha corpo a partir do jogo com a palavra canto, da qual derivam en(tre)cantos, recantos, encantada, decantada, cantada e cantata, que acabam constituindo os títulos de cada ária desta manifestação musical e textual dedicada à Dulcinea.Na ária de n°I, a Dama é cantada nos recônditos recantos de alguns estudiosos e pesquisadores de Dom Quixote. Na ária de n° II, ela é encantada pelos discursos de Dom Quixote, Sancho Pança e Duquesa. Na ária de n° III, Dulcinea passa a ser decantada por questões políticas, históricas, sociais e ideológicas da Idade Média. Na ária de n° IV, enquanto canto, a Dama é vista como o silêncio de uma música cantada em parceria com Dom Quixote, e juntos criam uma melodia arquetípica que ecoa ao longo de toda a trajetória da alma humana – a conjunção entre o masculino e o feminino. E por fim, em anexo, Dulcinea em cantata, a criação de uma performance cênica e paródica elaborada para cantar os recantos e os encantos, decantados e cantados ao longo desta cantata. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The study subject of this cantata is Dulcinea del Toboso, the peerless Lady created by Don Quixote in the narrative called The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote de la Mancha, written by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra in the years 1605 (first book) and 1615 (second book). The research is based on two principles: the concepts of “silence” and “female” extracted from the Dulcinea character. These principles are sung in different melodies of a scenic cantata (“Nos En(tre)cantos de Dulcinea Del Toboso- uma cantata cênica”). The research develops using the multiple meanings of the Portuguese word “canto”. The ideas of “songs”, “nooks”, “enchanted”, “decanted” and “cantata” are derived from the word “canto”. These ideas are used to create the titles of each aria of this musical and textual work dedicated to Dulcinea. In the first aria, the Lady is “sung” through the perspective of the innermost recesses of some scholars and researchers of Don Quixote. In the second aria, she is “enchanted” by the speeches of Don Quixote, Sancho Panza and the Duchess. In the third aria, Dulcinea is “decanted” from the Middle Age point of view of political, historical, social and ideological issues. In the fourth aria the Lady is represented as the silence of a song sung in partnership with Don Quixote. These two characters create an archetypal melody that echoes throughout the history of the human soul - the conjunction of “male” and “female” concepts. Finally, Dulcinea in the cantata, the creation of a theatrical performance, a parody, singing the nooks and charms decanted and sung along this cantata.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor um diálogo entre a leitura do Quixote em contexto escolar e os estudos literários, por meio da análise do processo de transferência da obra canônica de Miguel de Cervantes para o sistema literário infantil. Apontamos, neste percurso, as principais questões, enfrentadas tanto por adaptadores da obra quanto por educadores, no que tange à complexa tarefa de colocar a obra ao alcance dos leitores infantojuvenis. Esta pesquisa permite discutir aspectos textuais, históricos e culturais das adaptações, além de sugerir uma abordagem prática da introdução do Quixote em contexto escolar que estimule o empoderamento do leitor infantojuvenil, resgatando seu papel de leitor ativo na própria narrativa cervantina. Palavras-chave: Dom Quixote de la Mancha, Escolarização da leitura, Ensino de espanhol, Adaptação, Literatura infantojuvenil, Formação do leitor, Empoderamento do leitor, Literatura espanhola século de ouro, Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616), Recepção de Quixote / This research aims to propose a dialogue between the reading of Quixote in the school context and the literary studies, analyzing it by the process of transferring the Miguel de Cervantes canonical book to the childrens literary system. We focus on the main issues, faced by adapters and educators, in the complex task of providing the work to the childrens readers. This thesis allows us to discuss textual, historical and cultural aspects of the adaptations, as well as it suggests a practical approach to use of the Quixote in the school context, stimulating the empowerment of the childrens reader, and resignifying their active role in the Cervantes narrative.

En los siglos XVI y XVII, España y Portugal están en el centro de muchas transformaciones en el continente europeo en el ámbito social, político, religioso, cultural y económico. El contacto de los pueblos ibéricos con las culturas americanas desencadena una serie de innovaciones en la vida social; entre ellas, una nueva relación con el dinero provocada, entre otras cosas, por la llegada de los metales preciosos a tierras españolas, lo que engendró dificultades económicas para muchos y abundancia de riquezas para pocos. El desequilibrio social y económico será abordado en varios tratados y arbitrios dedicados al encuentro de posibles salidas para la difícil situación ibérica. En varios textos de la época se observa también la presencia del dinero como punto fundamental en las relaciones sociales. El Quijote, a su vez, tanto en la primera como en la segunda parte, presenta el tema del dinero como elemento estructurador de la parodia de los discursos caballerescos, sobre todo en las relaciones entre el caballero y su escudero. Si la falta de dinero puede representar la pobreza en la vida social, puede correponder también, teniendo en cuenta el artificio literario, a un cuidado ejercicio de producción de la risa, poniendo de relieve perspectivas propias del sistema político, económico y social de los siglos XVI y XVII, en choque con los albores de los nuevos tiempos. / Nos séculos XVI e XVII, Espanha e Portugal estão no centro de muitas transformações no continente europeu nos âmbitos social, político, religioso, cultural e econômico. O contato dos povos ibéricos com as culturas americanas desencadeia uma série de inovações na vida social; entre elas, uma nova relação com o dinheiro provocada, entre outras coisas, pela chegada dos metais preciosos em terras espanholas, o que engendrou dificuldades econômicas para muitos e abundância de riquezas para poucos. O desequilíbio social e econômico será abordado em vários tratados e arbítrios dedicados ao encontro de possíveis saídas para a difícil situação ibérica. Em vários textos literários da época se observa também a presença do dinheiro como ponto fundamental nas relações sociais. O Quixote, por sua vez, tanto na primeira como na segunda parte, apresenta o tema do dinheiro como elemento formador da paródia dos discursos cavalheirescos, em especial nas relações entre o cavaleiro e seu escudeiro. Se a falta de dinheiro pode representar a pobreza na vida social, pode corresponder também, tendo em conta o artifício literário, a um cuidado exercício de produção do riso, pondo em relevo persperctivas própias do sistema político, econômico e social dos séculos XVI e XVII, em choque com o início dos novos tempos.