Esta tese busca pensar o desfuncional latente em toda escritura, linguagem e vida: suas potências não dominadas, nem domináveis, pelo corte finalista, utilitarista, entre funcional e disfuncional, e o devir-poesia destes interditos quando revertidos em afirmação de possibilidades para além das determinadas pelos códigos fixados e modelos de composição existentes. As obras de Jacques Derrida e Gilles Deleuze (parte com Felix Guattari) são as referências centrais para a constituição deste pensamento, que constantemente se volta ao fazer poético. O trabalho, porém, é conduzido pela extravagante figura que ele livremente se cria do engenhoso fidalgo e cavaleiro Dom Quixote de la Mancha, por seu modo errante de atuar, sua andante poesia. Sua relação com a morte iminente; o papel da leitura em sua fantasia, cuja extensão se mostra incontornável a quem quer que se aproxime; sua irredutibilidade a qualquer juízo que se possa tentar de sua sanidade mental; sua constante construção de uma equívoca e fugidia identidade; e seu permanente e delirante improviso no teatro do mundo configuram uma escritura lúdica, inventiva, aberta, consciente de sua formação, de seu contexto e de seus percursos, o que possibilita a construção da noção de uma poética da existência, sugerida pelas especulações teóricas preliminares. / This thesis seeks to think the latent defunctional in every writing, as language and life: its potencies not dominated by the finalist and utilitarian cut between functional and dysfunctional, and the becoming-poetry of this interdicts when reversed in the affirmation of possibilities beyond those determined by fixed codes and existing composition models. The works of Jacques Derrida and Gilles Deleuze (part with Felix Guattari) are the central references to the constitution of this thought, constantly turned to the poetic making. The work, however, is conducted by the extravagant figure that it freely creates of the ingenious gentleman and knight Don Quixote of la Mancha, by his errant acting mode, his walking poetry. His relationship with imminent death; the role of reading in his fantasy, which extension shows up inescapable to whoever gets close to it; his irreducibility to any judgment that could be tried on his mental sanity; his constant construction of an equivocal and elusive identity; and his permanent and delirious improvisation in the theatre of the world configure a ludic, inventive and open writing, aware of its formation, its context and its routes, which enables the construction of the notion of a poetics of existence, suggested by preliminary theoretical speculations.

Este trabalho tem como ponto de partida as relações entre os protagonistas do Quixote, do escritor espanhol Miguel de Cervantes, e Triste fim de Policarpo Quaresma do romancista carioca Lima Barreto observadas pela fortuna crítica barretiana. De acordo com esses estudos, Policarpo Quaresma seria um Dom Quixote brasileiro, por apresentar uma série de traços quixotescos. A partir dessa consideração, o objetivo desta dissertação é o de realizar um estudo comparativo entre o Cavaleiro da Triste Figura e o Major Quaresma, de modo a buscar, mais do que as semelhanças, as diferenças que delineiam suas singularidades. Para efetuar tal comparação, escolheu-se como parâmetro de análise a temática da loucura. Sendo assim, o exame das duas obras tem como preocupação central o modo como Cervantes e Lima Barreto se apropriam do referido tema na construção de suas respectivas personagens. / This work presents as its starting point the relations between the main characters of Don Quijote de la Mancha (Don Quixote), by the Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes, and of Triste Fim de Policarpo Quaresma (Tragic Death of Policarpo Quaresma), by the Brazilian writer Lima Barreto, noted by the critics of Barreto´s book. According to them, Policarpo Quaresma is a kind of Brazilian Don Quixote, because the character presents a series of quixotic traits. Taking it into consideration, this dissertation aims to carry out a comparative study between the Knight of the Sad Countenance and Major Quaresma in order to search the differences in this case, more significant than the similitudes which delineate both characters´ singularities. The madness theme has been chosen as the analysis approach to carry out such comparison. Therefore, the examination of the two works has as its central theme the way both writers, Cervantes and Barreto, borrow from the madness theme in the creation of their characters.

Esta tese busca pensar o desfuncional latente em toda escritura, linguagem e vida: suas potências não dominadas, nem domináveis, pelo corte finalista, utilitarista, entre funcional e disfuncional, e o devir-poesia destes interditos quando revertidos em afirmação de possibilidades para além das determinadas pelos códigos fixados e modelos de composição existentes. As obras de Jacques Derrida e Gilles Deleuze (parte com Felix Guattari) são as referências centrais para a constituição deste pensamento, que constantemente se volta ao fazer poético. O trabalho, porém, é conduzido pela extravagante figura que ele livremente se cria do engenhoso fidalgo e cavaleiro Dom Quixote de la Mancha, por seu modo errante de atuar, sua andante poesia. Sua relação com a morte iminente; o papel da leitura em sua fantasia, cuja extensão se mostra incontornável a quem quer que se aproxime; sua irredutibilidade a qualquer juízo que se possa tentar de sua sanidade mental; sua constante construção de uma equívoca e fugidia identidade; e seu permanente e delirante improviso no teatro do mundo configuram uma escritura lúdica, inventiva, aberta, consciente de sua formação, de seu contexto e de seus percursos, o que possibilita a construção da noção de uma poética da existência, sugerida pelas especulações teóricas preliminares. / This thesis seeks to think the latent defunctional in every writing, as language and life: its potencies not dominated by the finalist and utilitarian cut between functional and dysfunctional, and the becoming-poetry of this interdicts when reversed in the affirmation of possibilities beyond those determined by fixed codes and existing composition models. The works of Jacques Derrida and Gilles Deleuze (part with Felix Guattari) are the central references to the constitution of this thought, constantly turned to the poetic making. The work, however, is conducted by the extravagant figure that it freely creates of the ingenious gentleman and knight Don Quixote of la Mancha, by his errant acting mode, his walking poetry. His relationship with imminent death; the role of reading in his fantasy, which extension shows up inescapable to whoever gets close to it; his irreducibility to any judgment that could be tried on his mental sanity; his constant construction of an equivocal and elusive identity; and his permanent and delirious improvisation in the theatre of the world configure a ludic, inventive and open writing, aware of its formation, its context and its routes, which enables the construction of the notion of a poetics of existence, suggested by preliminary theoretical speculations.

Este trabalho tem como ponto de partida as relações entre os protagonistas do Quixote, do escritor espanhol Miguel de Cervantes, e Triste fim de Policarpo Quaresma do romancista carioca Lima Barreto observadas pela fortuna crítica barretiana. De acordo com esses estudos, Policarpo Quaresma seria um Dom Quixote brasileiro, por apresentar uma série de traços quixotescos. A partir dessa consideração, o objetivo desta dissertação é o de realizar um estudo comparativo entre o Cavaleiro da Triste Figura e o Major Quaresma, de modo a buscar, mais do que as semelhanças, as diferenças que delineiam suas singularidades. Para efetuar tal comparação, escolheu-se como parâmetro de análise a temática da loucura. Sendo assim, o exame das duas obras tem como preocupação central o modo como Cervantes e Lima Barreto se apropriam do referido tema na construção de suas respectivas personagens. / This work presents as its starting point the relations between the main characters of Don Quijote de la Mancha (Don Quixote), by the Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes, and of Triste Fim de Policarpo Quaresma (Tragic Death of Policarpo Quaresma), by the Brazilian writer Lima Barreto, noted by the critics of Barreto´s book. According to them, Policarpo Quaresma is a kind of Brazilian Don Quixote, because the character presents a series of quixotic traits. Taking it into consideration, this dissertation aims to carry out a comparative study between the Knight of the Sad Countenance and Major Quaresma in order to search the differences in this case, more significant than the similitudes which delineate both characters´ singularities. The madness theme has been chosen as the analysis approach to carry out such comparison. Therefore, the examination of the two works has as its central theme the way both writers, Cervantes and Barreto, borrow from the madness theme in the creation of their characters.

O propósito desta dissertação de mestrado é examinar um procedimento específico utilizado por Miguel de Cervantes na construção de sua obra El ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de La Mancha: o paralelismo entre episódios como meio de proporcionar coesão à narrativa longa. Tal recurso indica uma solução encontrada pelo escritor, voltada à estrutura textual, com intenção de equilibrar a narrativa longa/linear e a episódica/fragmentada, unindo as partes da sua composição e dando totalidade a ela. Para isso, o autor se vale de preceptivas de retórica e poética da antiguidade e de sua época, sendo os autores mais expressivos: Aristóteles, Cícero, Quintiliano, Horácio e Alonso López Pinciano. No que diz respeito especificamente ao uso do paralelismo entre episódios no Quixote, esta dissertação se beneficia dos trabalhos dos críticos Edward Riley e Knud Togeby; contudo, esses autores não analisaram detalhadamente o efeito de tal uso na unidade da obra, o que configura este trabalho como uma extensão da observação feita por eles a respeito dos episódios paralelos. Por fim, a análise demonstra que Cervantes compõe um recurso poético próprio, resultante da combinação de diversas fontes de conhecimento. A demonstração desse procedimento se faz pela leitura comparativa de quatro trios de episódios, cada trio composto por um episódio da primeira parte e dois da segunda parte, discutindo-se a maneira como o paralelismo entre eles interfere na composição geral do Quixote promovendo um tipo de unidade da narrativa diverso do que se vê prescrito nas poéticas antigas e nas do século XVII. / The purpose of this master\'s thesis is to examine a specific procedure used by Miguel de Cervantes in the construction of his work El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de La Mancha: the parallelism between episodes as a means of providing cohesion to the long narrative. This feature indicates a solution found by the writer, focused on the textual structure, with the intention of balancing the long / linear narrative and the episodic / fragmented narrative, uniting the parts of its composition and giving totality to it. For this, the author uses precepts of rhetoric and poetics of antiquity and of his time, being the most expressive authors: Aristotle, Cícero, Quintiliano, Horácio and Alonso López Pinciano. With specific regard to the use of parallelism between episodes in the Quixote, this thesis benefits from the contributions of the literary critics: Edward Riley and Knud Togeby. However, these authors did not analyze in detail the effect of such use on the unit of the work, which configures this work as an extension of their observation of parallel episodes. Finally, the analysis shows that Cervantes composes a poetic resource of his own, which results from the combination of several sources of knowledge. The demonstration of this procedure is done by comparing four trios of episodes, each of them composed of one episode of the first part and two of the second part. Then discussing how the parallelism between them interferes in the general composition of Quixote by promoting a different type of narrative unity from the ones prescribed in the ancient Poetics and in the seventeenth century.

Readers have associated Don Quixote and St Ignatius of Loyola for centuries. Many have inferred an intentional parody of Loyola in Cervantes’ classic novel, El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha. The first part of this thesis traces reader associations of Don Quixote and St Ignatius since the publication of Part I of Don Quixote in 1605. The second part analyzes two texts commonly cited as sources for reader associations of St Ignatius and Don Quixote, Loyola’s Autobiografía (1555) and Pedro de Ribadeneyra’s Vida de Ignacio de Loyola (1583), and proposes a hypothesis for how Cervantes may have intended to parody the founder of the Society of Jesus. The third part analyzes narrative, substantive and thematic parallelisms in Don Quixote, the Autobiografía and Vida and discusses the likelihood of Cervantes intentionally parodying Loyola in his most famous and enduring work. / Graduate / 0679 / 0401 / 0318 / pdavidso@uvic.ca

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese investiga as relações que vinculam o significado da leitura e o sentido da religiosidade em Dom Quixote de La Mancha, um dos romances fundadores da literatura moderna, escrito por Miguel de Cervantes. A primeira parte, além de mostrar que a leitura é um elemento constitutivo na tessitura da obra de Cervantes, analisa o ato de ler em suas múltiplas dimensões. A leitura é considerada uma prática social que se desenvolve historicamente e que se efetiva de modo diverso na esfera pública (leitura oral) e na esfera privada (leitura silenciosa). A segunda parte da tese apresenta uma reconstrução do percurso cervantino para a criação do romance, tomando como referência a questão da religiosidade. Ao apresentar elementos sócio-históricos e biográficos, mostra como Cervantes incorpora em seu texto literário uma crítica à mentalidade da época, discutindo especialmente os problemas da origem e do pertencimento de Quixote ao catolicismo. A terceira parte analisa a relação entre a oralidade e a leitura pública, considerando principalmente as figuras cervantinas do cura e do Sancho Pança como representantes de uma concepção religiosa de mundo que vive da tradição oral. Sancho representa o conhecimento produzido, conservado e transmitido pela cultura oral. Já o cura vive uma religiosidade institucionalizada e representa o protagonista da leitura pública, meio para a transmissão das crenças e dogmas da doutrina católica. A quarta e última parte mostra como a leitura silenciosa constitui em Dom Quixote uma prática que serve para justificar a vida contemplativa e para promover a defesa de valores cristãos. Dado ao fato que a leitura silenciosa proporciona mais intimidade com os textos, ela possibilita uma pluralidade de interpretações, muitas vezes conflitantes. Quixote interpreta suas leituras de um modo muito particular e assim também vive sua religiosidade. Mostra-se que, para Quixote, a leitura das novelas de cavalaria permite o encontro das virtudes cristãs, que ele exalta não somente pelas palavras mas também pelas ações. Conclui-se que em Dom Quixote de La Mancha a relação entre religiosidade e leitura é reciprocamente constitutiva. / This dissertation thesis has investigated the relations that have connected the meaning of reading and the sense of religiosity in Dom Quixote de La Mancha, one of the novels founders of the modern literature, by Miguel de Cervantes. The first part, beyond demonstrating that reading is a constitutive element for Cervantes work, has analyzed reading in its multiple dimensions, considering it as a social practice that has developed historically and has been effective differently in the public sphere (oral reading) and in the private one (silent reading). The second part has presented a reconstruction of Cervantes course for creating the novel, taking as reference the religiosity question. When regarding socio-historical and biographic elements, they have demonstrated how Cervantes incorporated, in his text, a critic to the ecclesial mentality and the place in which his book was written, especially discussing the problems of origin and belonging of Quixote to the only religious tradition. The third part has analyzed the relation between orality and public reading, especially concerning Cervantes figures, the cure and Sancho Pança, as representatives of the conception of the world living the oral tradition. Moreover, Sancho represents the produced knowledge, preserved and transmitted by the oral culture, and, in this tradition, religiousness has expressed genuinely; however, in the case of the cure, representative of oral reading, the religiosity is represented through an institutionalized way, since he must transmit beliefs and dogmas of the catholic doctrine. The fourth and last part has indicated how silent reading has constituted in Dom Quixote a practice which is valid for justifying the contemplative life, promoting the defense of Christian values. Thus, once silent reading provides more intimacy with the texts, it makes also possible some plurality of interpretations, and, many times, conflicting ones. Quixote interpreted his readings in a very particular means, and, in the same way, lived his religiosity. Therefore, it seems that, for Quixote, reading the novels of chivalry allowed him to find Christian virtues, as well as to exalt them, not only in his words, but also in his actions. In this investigation, it follows that, in Dom Quixote de La Mancha, the relation between religiosity and reading is reciprocally constitutive.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de verificar a presença do conceito de discrição em três capítulos da obra Don Quijote de la Mancha, de Miguel de Cervantes. Tais capítulos estão localizados na segunda parte da obra e se referem aos conselhos dados por Dom Quixote ao seu fiel escudeiro, Sancho Pança, antes que este assumisse seu governo na ilha Barataria. O conceito de discrição é bastante amplo e complexo. Fazem parte dele atitudes morais e sociais que visam a uma adequada atuação social do indivíduo no universo em que ele se encontra. O exercício da discrição requer o conhecimento de alguns elementos que funcionam como uma espécie de pré-requisito para a sua prática. Entre eles estão a prudência, o discernimento, a cultura e a erudição. Contribuem para a apreensão do conceito de discrição os tratados sobre comportamento social dos séculos XVI e XVII, sobre os quais teceremos comentários específicos, relacionando-os, sempre que possível, ao Quixote de Cervantes. Em nossas considerações, também verificaremos a maneira específica como Cervantes trabalha o conceito de discrição em sua narrativa. Por vezes, o autor subverte as regras do decoro literário, promovendo a quebra da rigidez do conceito, utilizando-o de uma maneira que demonstra variedade em sua aplicação. / This dissertation aims at examining the presence of the concept of discretion in three chapters of Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes. Such chapters belong to the second part of mentioned book and they refer to the pieces of advice given by dom Quixote to Sancho Pança, before his faithful squire assumed the government of Barataria island. The concept of discretion is quite vast and complex. It includes moral and social attitudes wich provide for the individual\'s proper social behavior within the universe where he lives. In order to be put into practice, the exercise of discretion demands the knowledge of some elements that function as a kind of pré-requirements, such as prudence, discernment, education and erudition. Treatises on social behavior in the 16th and 17th centuries contribute to the understanding of the concept of discretion, and we are making specific comments on them in search, as far as posible, of their connections with Cervantes\'s Quixote. Along this study we are also examining the specific way Cervantes deals with the concept of discretion in his narrative. There are instances in which the writer subverts the rules of literary decorum causing a rupture in the rigidity of the concept by using it in such a way that demonstrates variety in its application.

The aim of this thesis is to offer a comparative analysis of the nineteenth-century translations of Don Quixote into English, which have received little critical attention to date. During this process I will focus on the issue of translating irony, in order to engage in the discussion regarding reader response to Don Quixote in England during the nineteenth century. This reader reception represents another area of research yet to be studied in any significant detail. This thesis will take the following structure: in the first chapter I will provide a background into the existing problems and working concepts as they have been researched so far. In the course of this I will look at the work of Allen (2008) in particular, as the critic who has provided the longest known, though by no means exhaustive, list of examples of irony identified in Don Quixote. This will be followed by a review of reader response along the centuries, beginning with the seventeenth and eighteenth and then an overview of the nineteenth. I will then engage in an analysis of specific examples of irony, using a representative sample taken from Allen’s selection. The conclusions this analysis will offer will shed further light on the importance of studying irony in Don Quixote, and also on how irony can be used as an explanation as to why so many translations of it were produced in such quick succession in the 1880s, after so long without any new versions. This research also considers the question of the transience of irony and the extent to which what constitutes irony changes over time, as reflected by a similar list of examples of irony compiled by Albert Calvert (1905). My analysis will also add further evidence to the two main debates surrounding critical opinion on Don Quixote in the nineteenth century; firstly, that Ormsby’s is justified in being regarded as the best translation of the three produced in that century, if not of all time, and secondly, the ongoing debate over whether or not Don Quixote was or should still have been regarded as a Romantic novel during the 1880s. By tracking trends and shifts in critical thinking down the centuries since Don Quixote first appeared at the start of the seventeenth century, my analysis will also offer some comment on the novel’s subsequent twentieth-century reception. Moreover, as the first study of all three of the nineteenth-century translations of Don Quixote into English, my conclusions make an important and original contribution to the emerging area of study into Cervantes in a transnational context.

My thesis aims to explore the conflict between bourgeois and romance ideologies in Charlotte Lennox¡¦s The Female Quixote in terms of women¡¦s reading, power, and marriage in the eighteenth century. In chapter one, I focus on Arabella¡¦s access to romantic fantasies, offering an overview of women¡¦s position and reading in bourgeois society. Through examining the society¡¦s attitude to and concerns with reading, we can see that in the bourgeois ideal women are voiceless and restrained within the domestic domain, the one that offers no opportunities for the significance that romance heroines enjoy. Also, both women¡¦s motives to read and the society¡¦s eagerness to prohibit it reflect the economical and capitalistic sides of the bourgeoisie. Then, Arabella¡¦s exclusive reading of romance makes her totally subject to it; the canonized romances become the female tradition for Arabella. By comparing the quasi-classicism of romance to the contemporaneity of novel, the discrepancy between Arabella and the outside world is clearly shown. She endeavors to yearn for significance in the prosaic reality which offers no opportunity. Consequently, chapter two examines Arabella¡¦s power on two levels. Arabella, trying to mediate the gap, constructs her romantic counter-reality with the help of the power of imagination. Arabella manipulates her surroundings to make them meet the requirements of the romantic world, which appears to be an autonomous domain governed by love, excluding the laws, morality, and secularity of the reality. Furthermore, in the love-ruled realm the power structure of bourgeois society seems to be reversed. Women have power over their submissive and constant suitors. The typical images of both genders are reversed. However, heroines¡¦ possession of power is at the expense of rejecting and denying female sexuality and desire. Therefore the autonomy and the reversal of power structure proposed by romance are actually illusive; the power only exists by sacrificing female subjectivity. In chapter three I will probe into the double-edged role marriage plays. The marriage between Arabella and Glanville can be seen as the compromise between romance and bourgeois ideologies. With the help of her manipulation of the reality, Arabella¡¦s marriage does exemplify the romantic ideal. Glanville is romantically presented as a hero performing countless actions to win his lover. Their marriage is depicted as an amatory union, which is the essential ending in romances wherein love is sanctified. On the other hand, the marriage ending also satisfies the concerns of middle-class society, wherein marriage is considered as a trade and bears an economic mission rather than connecting two lovers. Hence the marriage plot functions as a happy ending that settles the two confronting ideologies.