The ethnic-racial relations in Brazil are contained in unequal contexts that reflect the ways in which the country was formed from enslavement. Thus the country was marked by racism and especially the exclusion of blacks. Thus, social institutions, especially the school is not exempt from this reality, since the racial conflicts are present in society due to the inheritance of a past forged by our shared values and habits in a process that favors a single racial segment. Therefore, the school is a space in which they live subjects of different ethnicities, genders and subjectivities. In this perspective we can observe the importance of checking the relationship of students from a public school in order to analyze how they relate to other subjects in the school environment, given the racial differences, since through coexistence develop actions in this space. Thus, the purpose of this work is to investigate the ethnic-racial relations experienced in the daily life of a classroom of 5th year of elementary school of a state school in Maceio, in order to analyze the relationships between black students in the everyday classroom in order to identify racist and prejudiced manifestations. The results indicate that black students are daily oppressed in school, discrimination and racism manifest through name calling, teasing and depreciation. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As relações étnico-raciais no Brasil estão contidas em contextos de desigualdades que refletem as formas pelas quais o país se constituiu desde a escravização. Diante disso, o país ficou marcado pelo racismo e, especialmente, pela exclusão dos negros. Desse modo, as instituições sociais, especialmente a escola não está isenta desta realidade, visto que os conflitos raciais estão presentes na sociedade devido à herança de um passado forjado por hábitos e valores pautados em um processo que privilegia um único segmento racial. Logo, a escola constitui um espaço no qual estão inseridos sujeitos de diferentes etnias, gêneros e subjetividades. Nesta perspectiva, observa-se a importância de verificar as relações dos alunos, de uma escola pública estadual com o intuito de analisar como estes se relacionam com os outros sujeitos do ambiente escolar, diante das diferenças raciais, já que, por meio da convivência, desenvolvem ações neste espaço. Dessa forma, a finalidade desta dissertação é investigar as relações étnico-raciais vivenciadas no cotidiano de uma sala de aula do 5º ano do ensino fundamental I, em uma escola pública estadual de Maceió, com o propósito de analisar as relações dos alunos negros no cotidiano da sala de aula, a fim de identificarmos manifestações racistas e preconceituosas. Os resultados obtidos apontam que os alunos negros são oprimidos cotidianamente na escola, a discriminação e o racismo se manifestam por meio de xingamentos, gozações e depreciações.

Suicidality rates are far higher among gender minority individuals than in the general population. This study sought to determine if intersecting identities and social support play a role in these rates. There were no differences in suicidality among gender minorities with an intersecting sexual minority identity. For intersecting racial/ethnic identities, it was found that White individuals were more likely to report past suicidal ideation than racial/ethnic minority individuals. Family support was independently associated with less suicidal ideation, whereas gender minority friend support was independently associated with an increase in suicidal ideation.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to examine how nursing home (NH) characteristics, specifically racial composition of nursing homes residents, influences the use of physical restraints. As the population ages and becomes more diverse, it is essential to mitigate/eliminate racial/ethnic disparities in quality care. Methods: This is cross-sectional study using a 2010 national data set from Brown University Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research. This study employs Donabedian's Structure-Process-Outcome (SPO) conceptual framework. Statistical analysis includes univariate, bivariate, and a logistic regression model. It is hypothesized that nursing homes with higher proportions of black residents, more Medicaid residents, and for-profit ownership status will be associated with higher prevalence of physical restraint use. Results: Findings show that nursing homes with high proportions of blacks have a lower likelihood of high physical restraint use. Nursing homes with a higher proportion of Medicaid-reliant residents have a higher likelihood of restraint use, as does for-profit nursing homes. Discussion: The findings indicate that there are no racial/ethnic disparities present in the use of physical restraints in nursing homes. There is indication of socio-economic disparities, since nursing homes with higher Medicaid-reliant residents are associated with greater restraint. There are policy implications associated with these findings, including raising Medicaid per diem or implementing a quality performance payment incentive. Further research will be needed to determine ways to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in nursing homes. This research, adds to the nursing home literature focused on socio-economic disparities.

Victims of racial discrimination often experience negative consequences that extend into all aspects of well-being (e.g., psychological, subjective, social). Racial microaggressions describe a series of verbal and non-verbal behaviors that cause harm, perpetuate negative stereotypes, and negate the experience of racial/ethnic minorities. Research has found a negative relationship between experiencing racial discrimination and psychological well-being, as well as a potential buffering effect of racial/ethnic identity. However, less information is available about the existence of these relationships with social well-being. The purpose of this dissertation is to fill a gap in the literature in regard to racial microaggressions, racial/ethnic identity, and social well-being in 453 racially diverse undergraduate students. Quantitative results indicated that African Americans reported higher levels of racial microaggressions and racial/ethnic identity than other groups, racial microaggressions were negatively associated with sense of belonging, racial/ethnic identity was positively associated with sense of belonging, and the association between racial microaggressions and sense of belonging was not moderated by racial/ethnic identity. Qualitative analyses using the conventional content analysis revealed two clusters of facilitative behavioral expressions of university/community inclusion: (a) interpersonal expressions of inclusion and (b) systemic expression of inclusion. I conclude by discussing limitations, areas for future research, and implications for counseling.

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore how individuals from different multiracial/multiethnic groups experience and process the phenomenon of parental racial ethnic socialization (RES). Critical multiracial race theory, critical race theory, and bioecological systems theory offered a conceptual framework to how RES is often presented and processed. This study was guided by two research questions: (1) What are the experiences of RES among multiracial individuals? and (2) How do multiracial individuals process the parental racial ethnic socialization they were offered? Nine qualitative, one-on-one, semistructured interviews were conducted with individuals from three different multiracial/multiethnic groups. Results revealed that experiences of RES varied along with how participants processed RES. Three subthemes and one theme emerged related to the RES experiences of participants. For some participants lack of conversations were evident in their RES, which meant that conversations surrounding multiraciality and other racialized topics were not present. Other participants disclosed the subtheme of preparedness as part of their RES experience, while others mentioned the importance of environment to their RES experience. Additionally, the theme of changes over time arose, demonstrating how different life events can impact RES experiences. As for how multiracial/multiethnic individuals process RES experiences, the main theme of identity arose with three subthemes. Participants felt that the lack of awareness/knowledge parents had about potential multiracial experiences left them feeling confused about how to navigate their multiple heritages.

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<p dir="ltr">Recent years have brought significant advances in interventions for developmental disabilities, emphasizing family-centered strategies and highlighting the importance of sociocultural context and family structures for providing context-specific interventions. Despite these advances, many families continue to struggle with understanding or accepting developmental disabilities, complicating intervention progress. This complexity is exacerbated for racially and ethnically diverse caregivers adapting to a new culture, as cultural differences influence how disabilities are perceived and managed.</p><p dir="ltr">This dissertation investigates the role of culture in the experiences of diverse caregivers of children with developmental disabilities. Guided by Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological systems theory and Berry’s acculturation theory, it examines how cultural adaptation impacts caregiving. Study 1 captures caregivers' lived experiences, revealing the dual challenges of stigma and negative community attitudes. Despite these obstacles, their resilience shines through, supported by culturally sensitive coaches. Study 2 examines the relationship between caregivers' acculturation strategies and parenting stress, finding that marginalization and separation increase stress, while integration and assimilation do not significantly impact it. Notably, longer residency in the U.S. correlates with lower satisfaction with interventions, regardless of acculturation strategies.</p><p dir="ltr">These findings underscore the urgent need for culturally sensitive support systems and the establishment of trustful relationships between service providers and caregivers. Recommendations include the involvement of translators, educators, and community resources to deliver holistic, culturally attuned support. Policymakers are urged to design flexible programs that cater to the unique needs of diverse families, enhancing their interaction with healthcare services and interventions.</p><p dir="ltr">In essence, this dissertation underscores the critical role of cultural context in shaping caregiving experiences. It passionately argues for a comprehensive support approach that embraces the rich diversity and distinct challenges faced by caregivers, paving the way for more effective and empathetic care strategies.</p><p><br></p>

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Esta pesquisa buscou realizar uma análise de alguns trabalhos que articulavam a categoria raça ao campo da educação visando verificar a relevância do papel desempenhado pela instituição escolar no que esta se relaciona à questão étnico-racial no Brasil. Buscando atingir tal objetivo realizou-se um mapeamento dos trabalhos apresentados em duas das principais associações nacionais de pesquisa e pós-graduação das Ciências Sociais e da Educação, a Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Ciências Sociais (ANPOCS) e a Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPEd), no período de 1988 a 2003. A observação do mapeamento citado permitiu identificar que os conceitos identidade e cidadania apresentavam-se diretamente relacionados às questões étnico-raciais e a educação nos textos analisados. Tanto este mapeamento quanto o acompanhamento da literatura contemporânea das Ciências Sociais e da Educação, relacionadas às questões étnico-raciais, informaram a necessidade do estudo das relações que se estabelecem entre a educação formal, o movimento negro e as políticas públicas educacionais. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar as interconexões entre as produções teóricas que articulam raça e educação na ANPOCS e ANPEd apontando para a compreensão do espaço e da educação escolar enquanto lugares centrais na constituição e rediscussão dos parâmetros da cidadania e/ou como o lugar da construção dos processos de identificação dos sujeitos aos quais se destinam os processos educacionais por meio da pertença étnico-racial. Por fim, buscou-se uma aproximação entre os instrumentos normativos/legais que institucionalizam as políticas públicas educacionais no país: a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (LDB), o Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) e o Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação (PDE) e os debates apresentados pelos trabalhos analisados. / This research aimed to conduct a few works that articulated the category race to the field of education in order to verify the relevance of the role played by the school institution as it relates to ethnic-racial issue in Brazil. Seeking to achieve this objective it is a mapping of the papers presented at two major national associations of research and graduate of Social Sciences and Education, the National Association of Graduate Studies and Research in Social Sciences (ANPOCS) and the National Association of Graduate Studies and Research in Education (ANPEd) during 1988-2003. The observation of the aforementioned mapping identified the concepts of identity and citizenship presented directly related to ethnic and racial issues and education in the analyzed texts. Both this mapping as the monitoring of the contemporary literature of Social Sciences and Education, issues related to ethnicity, race, reported the need to study the relationships established between the formal education, the black movement and educational policies. In this sense, the research aimed to examine the interconnections between theoretical treatises that articulate race and education in ANPOCS ANPEd and pointing to the understanding of space and school education as central places in the constitution and re-discussion of the parameters of citizenship and / or as construction place processes to identify the persons to whom they are intended educational processes through the racial-ethnic membership. Finally, we sought a rapprochement between the normative instruments / legal policies that institutionalize public education in the country: the Law of Guidelines and Bases of Education (LDB), the National Education Plan (NEP) and the Development Plan for Education (PDE) and discussions presented by the works analyzed.