Cette recherche porte sur l’expérience socio-scolaire des jeunes adultes issus de l’immigration d’origine coréenne au Québec, et ce, étudié à travers la question des processus d’identification ainsi que leur rapport à la culture. L’enquête met notamment en évidence l’ambiguïté reliée à l’identité des jeunes coréens et coréennes de minorité modèle. La problématique étudiée porte plus spécifiquement sur le vécu de frontières avec le groupe majoritaire et le sentiment d’appartenance des jeunes adultes issues d’une minorité racisée ayant rarement fait l’objet d’une étude spécifique. Le concept de processus d’identification, avec son caractère dynamique, permet, dans le cadre de cette recherche, de reconnaître le travail de négociation entre, d’une part, la catégorisation et, d’autre part, l’auto-identification. Cette négociation par l’acteur prend notamment place entre les multiples influences ethnoculturelles et les rapports d’oppression raciale auxquels ces jeunes adultes peuvent être confrontés dans leur expérience. En effet, ceux-ci se retrouvent ainsi à la croisée d’un Québec francophone, d’un Canada anglophone, d’une communauté ethnique coréenne, mais également devant divers préjugés racisant contribuant à inférioriser leur origine ethnique. En allant au-delà des portraits statistiques, l’originalité de cette étude tient dans l’analyse exploratoire de l’expérience socio-scolaire – et le sens attribué à cette expérience par les individus – à travers leurs discours construits par l’entremise d’entretiens qualitatifs. La recherche a su montrer que les individus forment des rapports complexes hybrides à leur identification et que la catégorisation par le groupe dominant est constamment négociée en des formes variées de résistance. Cette catégorisation a été vécue par les participant·es sous la forme de pressions ethniques et sociales, d’invalidation et d’exclusion sociale. Les résultats de nos analyses suggèrent également que les transitions d’institution scolaire marquent des moments importants de renégociation des frontières, tout comme la (re)découverte culturelle du pays d’origine de la Corée du Sud. Finalement, le rapport à la culture des participant·es a révélé la place centrale du français et de la blanchité dans l’identité québécoise et le potentiel de remise en question des préjugés et d’ouverture sur la culture que porte la nouvelle vague de culture populaire sud-coréenne à l’étranger. / This research focuses on the socio-educational experience of young adults with an immigration background of Korean origin in Quebec studied through the question of their identification processes as well as their relationship to culture. In particular, the research highlights the ambiguity surrounding the identity of young Koreans from model minority groups. The problematic concerns more specifically the lived experience of borders with the majority group and the feeling of belonging of young adults from a racialized minority that have rarely been the subject of a specific study. The concept of identification process, by its dynamic nature, allows us, within the context of this research, to recognize the work of negotiation between, on one hand, categorization and, on the other hand, self-identification. This negotiation by the actor particularly takes place between the multiple ethnocultural influences and the racial oppressive relationships that these young adults may face in their experience. Indeed, they thus find themselves at the crossroads of a French-speaking Quebec, an English-speaking Canada, a Korean ethnic community, but also faced with various racial prejudices that contribute to inferiorize their ethnic origin. By searching beyond statistical portraits, the originality of this study lies in the exploratory analysis of school experiences – and the meaning attributed to this experience by the individuals – through their discourse constructed with qualitative interviews. This research has shown that individuals form complex hybrid relationships with their identification and that categorization by the dominant group is constantly negotiated through various forms of resistance. This categorization was experienced by the participants as ethnic and social pressures, invalidation, and social exclusion. The results of our analyzes further suggest that transitions between school institutions mark important moments of borders’ renegotiation, and so does the cultural (re)discovery of their origin country of South Korea. Finally, the participants’ relationship to culture revealed the central place of French and whiteness in Quebec’s identity and the potential to question prejudices and to open to culture that holds the new wave of South Korean popular culture South Korean overseas.

Black males’ quality of life indicators are at a crisis level. This has been the perception of Black males for many years. The purpose of this study is to understand how exposure to positive prototypes of Black maleness impacts other Black males’ initial perception of their own collegiate academic experiences. This study addresses the following overarching research question: How does the exposure to positive images of prototypes of Black maleness influence fellow Black males’ initial perceptions of their own collegiate academic experiences? This study employs the conceptual framework that is a hybrid of Africana Critical Theory (ACT) and Critical Race Theory (CRT). I used the methods of historicizing of knowledge and the CRT tenets of permanence of racism and counter-narrative accounts. The symbiotic use of the conceptual framework, methods, and research design assists the inquiry into how exposure to positive prototypes of Black maleness may impact academic experiences. The research around Black males has conveyed pejorative findings for over 30 years. The study findings were interesting. The three participants were positively impacted by exposure to positive prototypes of Black maleness. They all conveyed that associations with positive prototypes of Black maleness are necessary; however, the academic impact that these prototypes have is still very much undetermined. A longer span of research might determine how impactful the positive prototypes of Black maleness are to other Black males. One finding was very apparent among the three participants- Black males do like to learn affirmative history about other Black males.

This dissertation intervenes in debates in Media Studies, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Canadian Immigration Studies, and Critical Race Studies to explore how shifting news media and political representations of Muslim families reflect the complexities of what it means to be Canadian beyond holding citizenship. In the post-9/11 era, the Muslim family has re-emerged in Canadian English-language news media and Canadian political debates as a site of inherent violence. Drawing on orientalist narratives of the Muslim family, news media and political conversations tend to frame these homes as being headed by patriarchal fathers and oppressed mothers, and children seeking to break from families and traditions, yet always holding the potential to become violent themselves. Even though Canada identifies as a multicultural nation, Muslim families are often presented in media as undeserving of the rights of Canadian citizenship, and even deserving of state violence. While news media play a key role in reproducing orientalist framings of Muslim families, news media can also take the government to task when it comes to the violation of immigrant and racialized Canadians’ rights as citizens. Some news media coverage counter orientalist narratives by producing “positive” representations of Muslim families, however, these “positive” representations frequently frame Muslims who are worthy of the rights of citizenship as adhering to heteronormative family dynamics, productive citizenship, and normative Western gender roles and kinship formations. These “positive” portrayals produce varying representations of Muslim families, but such framings can also labour in the way of reifying Canada’s multicultural ideals and Canada’s idea of itself as “civilized.” Drawing on the news media coverage of the family of Maher Arar, the Khadrs, and the Shafias, I argue that such representations still produce the norms of the settler-colonial Canadian nation, where some racialized bodies, in this case Muslim families, can be granted the rights of Canadian citizenship if they are able to proximate normative Canadian kinship formations. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / In the wake of 9/11, many Canadian English-language news media have framed Muslim men as violent and Muslim women as oppressed. This dissertation analyzes the shifting Canadian news media portrayals of the Muslim family. Muslim homes in Canada are often portrayed as spaces for the perpetuation of violence that threatens the Canadian nation. Simultaneously, news media also portray some Muslim homes as spaces of purportedly “good” Canadian citizens, if these Muslim families are able to conform to Canadian “values.” I examine how Canadian news media mobilize heteronormativity, middle-class status, productive citizenship, among others, to portray some Muslims as ascribing to Canadian values, and therefore worthy of the rights of citizenship. Drawing on the news media coverage of the cases of Maher Arar and Monia Mazigh, Ahmed and Omar Khadr and Maha Elsamnah, and Mohammed Shafia, Rona Mohammed, and Tooba Yahya, I analyze how Muslims who are viewed as not assimilating to Western ideals of family are deemed as undeserving of the rights of citizenship, and, in addition, may even deserve violence.

[pt] A presente tese apresenta uma análise do Sistema de Justiça Juvenil brasileiro, com foco nos aminhos percorridos pelos adolescentes na fase de apuração do ato considerado infracional. A pesquisa foi construída com uma abordagem qualitativa e fundamentou-se no materialismo histórico-dialético, com base nos estudos da criminologia crítica. Foram utilizadas como fontes de investigação: observação participante; análise de relatórios técnicos sobre as unidades socioeducativas de acautelamento, elaborados pela equipe técnica de Serviço Social do Ministério Público do RJ e entrevista com profissional do Sistema Socioeducativo do DEGASE. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é analisar o Sistema de Justiça Juvenil, a fim de compreender como o funcionamento, condições de atendimentos, rotinas, fluxos, decisões e demais ações são operacionalizados pelos órgãos do Sistema de Justiça Juvenil, à luz dos instrumentos normativos vigentes. Os resultados demonstraram como o Estado, mesmo com o avanço dos instrumentos normativos de proteção à infância e juventude, criminaliza os adolescentes mais pobres e impõe uma seletividade punitiva racializada para absorvê-los no Sistema de Justiça Juvenil. Uma vez inseridos nas engrenagens do sistema, foi possível constatar a dimensão da violência institucional que atravessa todos os caminhos da apreensão, internação provisória, até a realização das audiências - período em que ainda estão sob a garantia constitucional de presunção de inocência. Nesses casos, opera-se uma punição antecipada de uma infração ainda não julgada, que se naturaliza no cotidiano dos órgãos que compõem esse sistema e se materializa em um cenário de violação de direitos individuais e coletivos, que reforça o processo de desumanização e a banalização de suas vidas. / [en] This Thesis presents an analysis of the Brazilian Juvenile Justice System, focusing on the paths taken by teenagers in the investigation phase of the act considered infraction. The research was built with a qualitative approach and was based on historical-dialectical materialism, based on critical criminology studies. The following research sources were used: participant observation; analysis of technical reports on the socio-educational precautionary units, prepared by the technical team of Social Service of the Public Ministry of RJ and interview with a professional from the Socio-educational System of DEGASE. The general objective of the research is to analyze the Juvenile Justice System, to understand how the functioning, conditions of services, routines, flows, decisions, and other actions are operated by the Juvenile Justice System bodies, in the light of the normative instruments in force. The results showed how the State, even with the advance of normative instruments to protect children and youth, criminalizes the poorest adolescents and imposes a racialized punitive selectivity to absorb them in the Juvenile Justice System. Once inserted into the gears of the system, it was possible to verify the dimension of institutional violence that crosses all paths from apprehension, provisional internment, until the holding of hearings - a period in which they are still under the constitutional guarantee of presumption of innocence. In these cases, there is an early punishment of an infraction not yet judged, which is naturalized in the daily life of the bodies that make up this system and materializes in a scenario of violation of individual and collective rights, which reinforces the process of dehumanization and the trivialization of their lives.

L’objectif de cette étude est de comprendre les pratiques des intervenants oeuvrant dans l’évaluation et le suivi de la libération des justiciables racisés. À travers des entrevues semi-dirigées, nous nous sommes intéressées aux propos de 16 intervenants oeuvrant dans l’évaluation (milieu carcéral) et dans le suivi (milieu communautaire) de la libération des justiciables. À l’aide de la théorie des représentations sociales, nous avons analysé le regard que les participants portent sur les justiciables racisés ainsi qu’au regard qu’ils portent sur leurs pratiques et sur leurs relations avec ces derniers. Il ressort des analyses que les représentations sociales des intervenants concernant ces justiciables sont assez justes, puisqu’ils semblent conscients de leurs difficultés au sein du système pénal. Toutefois, ces représentations ne sont pas vraiment ancrées dans leurs représentations sociales. La grande incompréhension et confusion auxquelles ils font face entrainent des pratiques frileuses concernant l’adaptation culturelle de leurs interventions. / The objective of this study is to understand the professional practices of professionals working in the release assessment and follow-up of inmates who are members of racialized groups. By conducting semi-directed interviews, we focused on the takes of 16 professionals working in the release assessment (prison) and follow-up (community setting) of inmates. We used the social representations theory to analyze the participants’ views on inmates who are members of racialized groups and also on their practices and relationship with them. It appears that their social representations about those inmates are quite corrects because they seem aware of their difficulties in the criminal justice system. However, these practices aren’t really anchored in their social representations. The important misunderstanding and confusion that they face, cause overcautious practices when it concerns the cultural adaptation of their interventions.

No description available.

Ce mémoire de maîtrise porte sur les effets politiques des discours médiatiques sur la gouvernance et la régulation des demandeurs d’asile au Canada. À travers une analyse critique des discours de la presse écrite canadienne au sujet de l’arrivée en août 2010 de 492 requérants du statut de réfugié à bord du bateau MV Sun Sea en Colombie-Britannique, l’auteure identifie les principales interprétations de cet évènement ainsi que leurs relations avec la mise en place subséquente de mesures visant à restreindre les possibilités d’accès non autorisés au Canada, notamment par la création d’une nouvelle catégorisation discriminatoire des demandeurs d’asile. L’analyse révèle l’articulation de ces discours autour de deux thématiques distinctes, mais interreliées. Tandis que les discours sécuritaires associent l’arrivée non autorisée des demandeurs d’asile à une menace à la sécurité de la nation, les discours humanitaires interprètent cet évènement comme une demande d’aide de la part d’un groupe de personnes menacées par leur propre pays. Ce mémoire propose une analyse multidimensionnelle de ces deux cadrages et de leurs effets politiques qui considère leurs dimensions discursives, contextuelles et affectives. L’analyse démontre comment ces deux discours en apparence conflictuels partagent en fait un même sous-texte racial qui fait de ce type de spectacle médiatique un dispositif clé de « gouvernementalité racialisée de l’immigration » (Bilge, 2012, 2013). / This master’s thesis addresses the political effects of media discourses on the governance and regulation of asylum seekers in Canada. Through a critical analysis of the Canadian press discourses around the arrival on august 2010 of 492 asylum seekers on the ship MV Sun Sea in British Columbia, the author identify the main interpretations of this event, along with their relations with the subsequent establishment of restrictive measures designed to prevent the possibilities of unauthorised arrivals to Canada, especially through the creation of a new discriminatory categorisation for asylum seekers. Analysis reveals the articulation of these discourses around two distinctive but interconnected themes. While security discourses associate the unauthorised arrival of the asylum seekers as a threat to national security, humanitarian discourses interpret this event as a request for help from a group of persons threatened by their own country. This thesis proposes a multidimensional analysis of these framings and of their political effects that considers their discursive, contextual and affective dimensions. The analysis reveals that these two apparently opposed discourses actually share the same racial subtext making this kind of media spectacle a key device of the “racialised governementality of immigration” (Bilge, 2012, 2013).

Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine the experiences of first-generation, highly educated Iranian women who came to Canada to pursue further education in a ‘just’, ‘safe’, and ‘peaceful’ place. The research has revealed that these women who were fleeing from an ‘oppressive’ and ‘unjust’ Iranian regime face new challenges and different forms of oppression in Canada. This dissertation examines some of the challenges that these women face at their place of work and/or at graduate school. The research findings are based on narratives of eleven Iranian women who participated in in-depth interviews in the summer of 2008. These women, whose ages range from 26 to 55 and are of diverse marital status, all hold an academic degree from Iran. They were also all enrolled in different graduate schools and diverse disciplines in Ontario universities at the time of the interviews. The research findings indicate that their presence in Canada became more controversial after the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade centers in New York. Historically, the social images imposed on Middle Eastern women derive from the Orientalism that arose following the colonization of the Middle East by Western imperialists. The perpetuation of such images after the 9/11 attack has created a harsh environment for the participants in this research. After 9/11 most immigrants from the Middle East were assumed to be Muslim and Arab, which many North Americans came to equate with being a terrorist. In order to analyze the participants’ voices and experiences, I have adopted a multi-critical theoretical perspective that includes Orientalism, anti-colonialism and integrative anti-racist feminist perspectives, so as to be equipped with the tools necessary to investigate and expose the roots of racism, oppression and discrimination of these marginalized voices. The findings of this research fall under six interrelated themes: adaptation, stereotyping, discrimination, being silenced, strategy of resistance, and belonging to Canadian society/ graduate school. One of the important results of this research is that, regardless of the suffering and pain that the participants feel in Canadian graduate school and society, they prefer to stay in Canada because of the socio-political climate in Iran.

This thesis highlights the sociopolitics of English as a dominant/colonial language by focusing on the linkage between language, power, and race. Grounded in critical language theory, comparative education theory, and anti-racism research methodology, this research examines the inextricable relationship between language, power, and race. With this in mind, this thesis argues that language, specifically English, is not a neutral tool of communication but a highly contentious issue that is deeply embedded in sociopolitical ideologies and practices. The contexts of Japan and Trinidad and Tobago are used to illustrate how colonialism continues to impact English language policy, practice, and perceptions. In sum, this research aims to bridge the gap between critical language theory, comparative education theory, and anti-racism studies in a way that (1) highlights the complexity of language politics, (2) explores ideological assumptions inherent in the discourse of the "native" language, and (3) underscores the overlooked ubiquity of race.

This thesis highlights the sociopolitics of English as a dominant/colonial language by focusing on the linkage between language, power, and race. Grounded in critical language theory, comparative education theory, and anti-racism research methodology, this research examines the inextricable relationship between language, power, and race. With this in mind, this thesis argues that language, specifically English, is not a neutral tool of communication but a highly contentious issue that is deeply embedded in sociopolitical ideologies and practices. The contexts of Japan and Trinidad and Tobago are used to illustrate how colonialism continues to impact English language policy, practice, and perceptions. In sum, this research aims to bridge the gap between critical language theory, comparative education theory, and anti-racism studies in a way that (1) highlights the complexity of language politics, (2) explores ideological assumptions inherent in the discourse of the "native" language, and (3) underscores the overlooked ubiquity of race.