A intensificação da produção brasileira tem contribuído para a redução da importação de sementes de hortaliças devido, principalmente, à atuação de empresas multinacionais. O elevado valor comercial e o aumento da utilização de sementes híbridas têm justificado o uso de sementes de qualidade diferenciada, cuja oferta tem sido crescente. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a eficiência de diferentes métodos para a avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de rabanete (Raphanus sativus L.), visando à identificação dos mais promissores para a utilização em programas de controle de qualidade. Utilizaram-se lotes de três cultivares de rabanete, a saber: Gigante Siculo (4 lotes), Cometa (3 lotes) e Saxa (2 lotes). A avaliação da viabilidade e do vigor das sementes foi realizada mediante a condução de testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, deterioração controlada, condutividade elétrica, lixiviação de potássio e emergência de plântulas, sendo estudadas variações nos procedimentos para condução dos testes de envelhecimento acelerado, deterioração controlada, condutividade elétrica e lixiviação de potássio. Concluiu-se que o teste de envelhecimento acelerado com procedimento tradicional, destacando o binômio temperatura/período de exposição de 41ºC/48 horas, é suficientemente sensível para detectar diferenças entre lotes de sementes de rabanete. Os testes de condutividade elétrica e lixiviação de potássio podem constituir alternativas promissoras para a avaliação do vigor de sementes de rabanete, mas há necessidade de estudos adicionais para determinação dos procedimentos mais adequados para sua condução. / The increase in Brazilian production seeds has contributed to reduce the import of vegetable seeds mainly by international companies. The commercial value and the preferential use of hybrids instead of open pollinated cultivars has justified the demand for high quality seeds. In this context, this research was conducted with the objective to study the efficacy of different methods to evaluate the physiological potential of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds. Three cultivars were evaluated: Siculo Giant (four lots), Comet (three lots) and Saxa (two lots). Seed viability and vigor seed lots were determined by germination, germination first count, accelerated aging, controlled deterioration, electrical conductivity, potassium leachate and seedling emergence tests, including alternative procedures for the accelerated aging, controlled deterioration, electrical conductivity and potassium leachate tests. It was concluded that traditional accelerated aging (48 hours/41ºC, was sensitive to identify different levels of physiological potential in the studied lots. The electrical conductivity and potassium leachate are promising options for vigor testing of radish seeds, but research is still necessary to define the most effective procedures to perform these tests.

A intensificação da produção brasileira tem contribuído para a redução da importação de sementes de hortaliças devido, principalmente, à atuação de empresas multinacionais. O elevado valor comercial e o aumento da utilização de sementes híbridas têm justificado o uso de sementes de qualidade diferenciada, cuja oferta tem sido crescente. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a eficiência de diferentes métodos para a avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de rabanete (Raphanus sativus L.), visando à identificação dos mais promissores para a utilização em programas de controle de qualidade. Utilizaram-se lotes de três cultivares de rabanete, a saber: Gigante Siculo (4 lotes), Cometa (3 lotes) e Saxa (2 lotes). A avaliação da viabilidade e do vigor das sementes foi realizada mediante a condução de testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, deterioração controlada, condutividade elétrica, lixiviação de potássio e emergência de plântulas, sendo estudadas variações nos procedimentos para condução dos testes de envelhecimento acelerado, deterioração controlada, condutividade elétrica e lixiviação de potássio. Concluiu-se que o teste de envelhecimento acelerado com procedimento tradicional, destacando o binômio temperatura/período de exposição de 41ºC/48 horas, é suficientemente sensível para detectar diferenças entre lotes de sementes de rabanete. Os testes de condutividade elétrica e lixiviação de potássio podem constituir alternativas promissoras para a avaliação do vigor de sementes de rabanete, mas há necessidade de estudos adicionais para determinação dos procedimentos mais adequados para sua condução. / The increase in Brazilian production seeds has contributed to reduce the import of vegetable seeds mainly by international companies. The commercial value and the preferential use of hybrids instead of open pollinated cultivars has justified the demand for high quality seeds. In this context, this research was conducted with the objective to study the efficacy of different methods to evaluate the physiological potential of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds. Three cultivars were evaluated: Siculo Giant (four lots), Comet (three lots) and Saxa (two lots). Seed viability and vigor seed lots were determined by germination, germination first count, accelerated aging, controlled deterioration, electrical conductivity, potassium leachate and seedling emergence tests, including alternative procedures for the accelerated aging, controlled deterioration, electrical conductivity and potassium leachate tests. It was concluded that traditional accelerated aging (48 hours/41ºC, was sensitive to identify different levels of physiological potential in the studied lots. The electrical conductivity and potassium leachate are promising options for vigor testing of radish seeds, but research is still necessary to define the most effective procedures to perform these tests.

O lançamento de poluentes no ambiente tem estado sobre severo controle nos países desenvolvidos e vem crescendo a importância dada ao problema nos países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil e Cabo Verde. Uma alternativa viável para a destinação de resíduos é a sua aplicação na agricultura, como recondicionante do solo, podendo se tornar relevante do ponto de vista econômico e ambiental. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos causados pelo uso do lodo de esgoto em solo cultivado com rabanete (Raphanus sativus L.). O trabalho foi conduzido em área experimental situada na Comunidade Famílias Unidas, no bairro de Santa Mônica, município de Camaragibe, Pernambuco, Brasil, em solo ARGISSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (zero, 25, 50 e 75 Mg ha-1 de lodo de esgoto mais 25 Mg ha-1 de lodo de esgoto vermicompostado com a Vermelha da Califórnia Eisenia foetida) e três repetições. Os canteiros de alvenaria mediram 1 m de largura por 6 m de comprimento e 0,20 m de profundidade, com 21 fileiras espaçadas de 0,35 m entre fileiras e 0,15 m entre plantas. A colheita do rabanete foi realizada 30 dias após semeadura, observando-se, após análise estatística, uma produção em torno de 18 t/ha na dose equivalente a 25 Mg ha-1 de lodo de esgoto. Os demais parâmetros analisados também responderam de acordo com os limites da legislação à presença do lodo de esgoto / The release of pollutants in the environment has been under severe control in developed countries. In developing countries like Brazil and Cabo Verde this control has also been increasing. A viable alternative for the purpose of this waste is its application in agriculture as reconditionant soil, thus becoming important from the economic and environmental points of view. This study aimed to evaluate the effects caused by the use of sewage sludge on land cultivated with radish (Raphanus sativus L.). The work was conducted in an experimental area located in the United Families Community, in the district of Santa Monica, City of Camaragibe, Pernambuco, Brazil, using Dystrophic RED ARGISOIL soil. A randomized block experimental design with five treatments (zero, 25, 50 and 75 Mg ha-1 of sewage sludge and 25 Mg ha-1 of humus California red - Eisenia foetida) and three repetitions was used. The masonry plots measured 1 m wide, 6 m long and 0.20 m deep, with 21 rows spaced between rows of 0.35 m and 0.15 m between plants. The harvest of the radish was held 30 days after sowing. It was observed, after statistical analysis, a production of around 18 t / ha in the dose equivalent to 25 Mg ha-1 of sewage sludge. The other examined parameters had also a positive behaviour in the presence of sewage sludge

Resumo: O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo, avaliar a variabilidade genética de nabo forrageiro cultivar CATI AL 1000 por meio de progênies de meios irmãos, e obter estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para as características: ciclo das plantas, altura das plantas, produtividade de grãos, massa de 1000 grãos, e teor de óleo no grão, sendo conduzido na Fazenda Experimental da UNESP em São Manuel, campus de Botucatu - SP. Foram avaliadas 100 progênies de meios irmãos, distribuídas em Látice triplo 10x10, parcialmente balanceado. Para as características ciclo das plantas, produtividade de grãos, massa de 1000 grãos e teor de óleo no grão, foi detectado diferença significativa para o quadrado médio de progênies, pelo teste F. Para a característica ciclo das plantas, o valor médio e a amplitude de variação das progênies foram, 137 dias, 121 - 158 dias respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade e ganho de seleção apresentaram os seguintes valores, 45,90 % e 1,09 %. Para característica produtividade de grãos, a média e amplitude de variação de progênies foram, 7,40 g, 0,78 - 18,55 g, (49,40 kg/ha, 5,20 - 123,70 kg/ha) respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade e ganho de seleção esperado, foram superiores em relação aos encontrados na literatura, comparando-se com populações de milho, para característica produtividade de grão, com valores de 90,70 % e 19,30 % respectivamente. A massa de 1000 grãos apresentou valores para a média e amplitude de variação de progênies de, 7,95 g, 3,35 - 13,51 g, respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade e ganho de selção apresentaram os seguintes valores, 56,80 % e 4,80 %. Para a característica teor de óleo no grão, a média e amplitude de variação de progênies foram 34,42 %, 26,98 - 41,67 %, respectivamente...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate fodder radish genetic variability, cultivar CATI AL 100, by using half-sib progenies, and to obtain estimates of genetic parameters for the characteristics: plant cycle, plant height, grain yield, mass of 1000 seeds, and seed oil content, being carried out at UNESP Experimental Farm in São Manuel municipal districtal, Botucatu campus (São Paulo State, Brazil). A hundred half-sib progenies were distributed in triple latice scheme 10x10, partially balanced. For the characteristics plant cycle, grain yield, mass of 1000 seeds, and seed oil content, was detected, for the progenies medium square, significant difference, by F test. For the characteristic plant cycle, the average value and progenies range were 137 days and 121 - 158 days, respectively. The estimates of the inheritability coefficients and selection gain presented the following values: 45,90 % e 1,09 %. For grain yield character, the average value and progenies range were 7,40 g, 0,78 - 18,55 g (49,40 kg ha-1, 5,20 - 123,70 kg ha-1) respectively. The estimates of the inheritability coefficients and expected selection gain, were higher than those ones found in literature, being compared with maize populations, for grain yield, with values of 90,70 % and 19,30 % respectively. The mass of 1000 seeds presented values for the average and progenies range of 7,95 g, 3,35 - 13,51 g, respectively. The estimates of inheritability coefficients and selection gain showed the following values: 56,80 % e 4,80 % For the characteristic seed oil content, the average and progenies range were 34,42 %, 26,98 - 41,67 % respectively...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Maurício Dutra Zanotto / Coorientador: José Geraldo Carvalho do Amaral / Banca: Juliana Parisotto Poletine / Banca: João Paulo Teixeira Whitaker / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sa_ro_me_botfca.pdf: 322008 bytes, checksum: ee9da95a6159f5e5fc33c0c3b613a125 (MD5) / Bayer S.A. / O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo, avaliar a variabilidade genética de nabo forrageiro cultivar CATI AL 1000 por meio de progênies de meios irmãos, e obter estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para as características: ciclo das plantas, altura das plantas, produtividade de grãos, massa de 1000 grãos, e teor de óleo no grão, sendo conduzido na Fazenda Experimental da UNESP em São Manuel, campus de Botucatu - SP. Foram avaliadas 100 progênies de meios irmãos, distribuídas em Látice triplo 10x10, parcialmente balanceado. Para as características ciclo das plantas, produtividade de grãos, massa de 1000 grãos e teor de óleo no grão, foi detectado diferença significativa para o quadrado médio de progênies, pelo teste F. Para a característica ciclo das plantas, o valor médio e a amplitude de variação das progênies foram, 137 dias, 121 - 158 dias respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade e ganho de seleção apresentaram os seguintes valores, 45,90 % e 1,09 %. Para característica produtividade de grãos, a média e amplitude de variação de progênies foram, 7,40 g, 0,78 - 18,55 g, (49,40 kg/ha, 5,20 - 123,70 kg/ha) respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade e ganho de seleção esperado, foram superiores em relação aos encontrados na literatura, comparando-se com populações de milho, para característica produtividade de grão, com valores de 90,70 % e 19,30 % respectivamente. A massa de 1000 grãos apresentou valores para a média e amplitude de variação de progênies de, 7,95 g, 3,35 - 13,51 g, respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade e ganho de selção apresentaram os seguintes valores, 56,80 % e 4,80 %. Para a característica teor de óleo no grão, a média e amplitude de variação de progênies foram 34,42 %, 26,98 - 41,67 %, respectivamente... / The objective of the present study was to evaluate fodder radish genetic variability, cultivar CATI AL 100, by using half-sib progenies, and to obtain estimates of genetic parameters for the characteristics: plant cycle, plant height, grain yield, mass of 1000 seeds, and seed oil content, being carried out at UNESP Experimental Farm in São Manuel municipal districtal, Botucatu campus (São Paulo State, Brazil). A hundred half-sib progenies were distributed in triple latice scheme 10x10, partially balanced. For the characteristics plant cycle, grain yield, mass of 1000 seeds, and seed oil content, was detected, for the progenies medium square, significant difference, by F test. For the characteristic plant cycle, the average value and progenies range were 137 days and 121 - 158 days, respectively. The estimates of the inheritability coefficients and selection gain presented the following values: 45,90 % e 1,09 %. For grain yield character, the average value and progenies range were 7,40 g, 0,78 - 18,55 g (49,40 kg ha-1, 5,20 - 123,70 kg ha-1) respectively. The estimates of the inheritability coefficients and expected selection gain, were higher than those ones found in literature, being compared with maize populations, for grain yield, with values of 90,70 % and 19,30 % respectively. The mass of 1000 seeds presented values for the average and progenies range of 7,95 g, 3,35 - 13,51 g, respectively. The estimates of inheritability coefficients and selection gain showed the following values: 56,80 % e 4,80 % For the characteristic seed oil content, the average and progenies range were 34,42 %, 26,98 - 41,67 % respectively...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:20:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_maria_dos_anjos.pdf: 1182770 bytes, checksum: 90c7d8b9f47af0c48d80db63f4d6dc62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-17 / The release of pollutants in the environment has been under severe control in developed countries. In developing countries like Brazil and Cabo Verde this control has also been increasing. A viable alternative for the purpose of this waste is its application in agriculture as reconditionant soil, thus becoming important from the economic and environmental points of view. This study aimed to evaluate the effects caused by the use of sewage sludge on land cultivated with radish (Raphanus sativus L.). The work was conducted in an experimental area located in the United Families Community, in the district of Santa Monica, City of Camaragibe, Pernambuco, Brazil, using Dystrophic RED ARGISOIL soil. A randomized block experimental design with five treatments (zero, 25, 50 and 75 Mg ha-1 of sewage sludge and 25 Mg ha-1 of humus California red - Eisenia foetida) and three repetitions was used. The masonry plots measured 1 m wide, 6 m long and 0.20 m deep, with 21 rows spaced between rows of 0.35 m and 0.15 m between plants. The harvest of the radish was held 30 days after sowing. It was observed, after statistical analysis, a production of around 18 t / ha in the dose equivalent to 25 Mg ha-1 of sewage sludge. The other examined parameters had also a positive behaviour in the presence of sewage sludge / O lançamento de poluentes no ambiente tem estado sobre severo controle nos países desenvolvidos e vem crescendo a importância dada ao problema nos países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil e Cabo Verde. Uma alternativa viável para a destinação de resíduos é a sua aplicação na agricultura, como recondicionante do solo, podendo se tornar relevante do ponto de vista econômico e ambiental. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos causados pelo uso do lodo de esgoto em solo cultivado com rabanete (Raphanus sativus L.). O trabalho foi conduzido em área experimental situada na Comunidade Famílias Unidas, no bairro de Santa Mônica, município de Camaragibe, Pernambuco, Brasil, em solo ARGISSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (zero, 25, 50 e 75 Mg ha-1 de lodo de esgoto mais 25 Mg ha-1 de lodo de esgoto vermicompostado com a Vermelha da Califórnia Eisenia foetida) e três repetições. Os canteiros de alvenaria mediram 1 m de largura por 6 m de comprimento e 0,20 m de profundidade, com 21 fileiras espaçadas de 0,35 m entre fileiras e 0,15 m entre plantas. A colheita do rabanete foi realizada 30 dias após semeadura, observando-se, após análise estatística, uma produção em torno de 18 t/ha na dose equivalente a 25 Mg ha-1 de lodo de esgoto. Os demais parâmetros analisados também responderam de acordo com os limites da legislação à presença do lodo de esgoto

The doctoral thesis deals with comparison between copper uptake by radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and concentration of copper measured by a DGT-device and concentration of copper obtained by extraction with generally used extraction agents (HNO3, NaNO3 and water). Plants were cultivated in pot experiments on a tested non-treated and gradually spiked soil. The amount of copper was determined in various part of radish (whole plant, above- and below-ground part) after mineralization in the APION mineralizer by ET – AAS. The highest concentration was in belowground part, especially in root tissues and sheel of root bulb. It confirms copper is associated with cell walls. The amount of copper taken by radish up does not pass beyond sanitary standards not even in spiked soils and consummation of radish is not unhealthy. Good correlations were found between copper concentration in radish and the amount of copper extracted with HNO3, NaNO3 and water and the amount found in soil solution. Results of extraction with HNO3 confirmed the amount of copper was stable in spiked soils during the pot experiments. The DGT experiments have shown that the rate of resupply from the solid phase to soil solution is constant during the deployment time. Whereas the release of copper decreases after 24 hours in natural soil. Copper added to soil in form of cupric ions is present in the different form after one month-equilibration than copper present in unspiked soils. The results obtained by DGT measurements were approximately up to two orders of magnitude lower than copper concentration obtained by leaching with sodium nitrate. The extraction with sodium nitrate does not provide true reflection of metal availability to plant root system and soil microorganism. High values of correlation coefficients (R2 > 0,9) were found between concentration of copper in radish plant and the concentration of copper in soil solution measured by DGT technique. Concentration of copper in soil solution was three times higher than concentration measured by DGT technique. Soil solution contains species of copper that are not measured by DGT technique and available to plants. Concentration of metals obtained by DGT measurements is more closely to real concentration of bioavailable forms of metal in soil. Therefore it is possible to recommend the DGT technique as a technique for determination of bioavailable forms of copper in soils.

Les nématodes à galles demeurent l'un des problèmes les plus graves des ‎agriculteurs de serres du Liban et du Moyen-Orient. Dans le passé, la fumigation du sol au ‎bromure de méthyle a été considérée comme la meilleure mesure de contrôle contre ces ‎nématodes. Toutefois, à la lumière de l'élimination globale du bromure de méthyle, l'accès ‎aux alternatives efficaces et durables est devenu une nécessité essentielle.‎L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer l'efficacité des deux engrais verts, le radis ‎huileux (Raphanus sativus oleifera) et à la roquette (Eruca vesicaria sativa) appliquées ‎avec ou sans bâche en plastique, séparément et en combinaison avec Oxamyl, dans la ‎gestion des nématodes à galles en cultures de concombres de serre. En outre, cette étude ‎vise à évaluer la faisabilité financière de la technique de biofumigation avec les deux ‎cultures utilisées et de la rentabilité finale de ces engrais verts en termes de taux coût-profit ‎par rapport au bromure de méthyle.‎A cette fin, trois expériences sur le terrain ont été menées dans des serres ‎commerciales, situées sur la zone côtière du Liban.‎Dans les deux expériences A et B, des résultats cohérents ont été enregistrés en ‎termes de production de rendements significativement plus élevés et de la réduction des ‎populations de nématodes avec les engrais verts‎ utilisés avec ou sans bâche en plastique, ‎par rapport au témoin non traité.‎Quant aux résultats obtenus par les engrais verts‎ par rapport ‎ au bromure de ‎méthyle, dans l'expérience A, le rendement produit par le bromure de méthyle était ‎significativement plus élevé que celui du radis huileux avec bâche en plastique. ‎Cependant, la différence n'était pas significative entre la réduction de la population de ‎nématodes résultant du bromure de méthyle et celle du radis huileux avec bâche en ‎plastique. Les différences du rendement ainsi que la réduction des nématodes étaient ‎significatives entre le bromure de méthyle et le radis huileux sans bâche en plastique.‎Dans l'expérience B, aucune différence significative n'a été observée dans le ‎rendement ni la réduction de la population de nématodes entre aucun des deux engrais ‎verts‎ utilisés avec bâche en plastique et le bromure de méthyle. Ces différences étaient ‎significativement en faveur du bromure de méthyle uniquement lorsque le radis huileux a ‎été utilisé sans bâche en plastique.‎Dans l'expérience C, où Vydate (Oxamyl) a été appliqué à la dose de 1 litre par 1,000 ‎m2 à tous les traitements, il n'y avait pas de différence significative dans le rendement ni la ‎réduction de la population de nématodes entre chacun des deux engrais verts utilisés avec ‎ou sans bâche en plastique et le bromure de méthyle.‎L'analyse coût-profit menée sur tous les traitements appliqués dans les 3 ‎expériences a montré que dans tous les cas, tous les traitements appliqués, qu'ils soient ‎chimiques, non-chimique (avec ou sans bâche en plastique) ou en association ont produit ‎des bénéfices nets supérieurs au bromure de méthyle, même lorsque le rendement produit ‎par le bromure de méthyle était significativement plus élevée.‎L'utilisation du plastique pour couvrir les radis huileux a généralement produit de ‎meilleurs résultats en termes de production de rendements plus élevés, une meilleure ‎réduction des populations de nématodes à galles dans le sol, ainsi conduisant à des ‎augmentations raisonnables des profits nets.‎A la base de ces résultats et à la lumière de l'élimination globale du bromure de ‎méthyle, on peut conclure que l'utilisation du radis huileux et la roquette comme engrais ‎verts avec bâche en plastique peut être considéré comme un outil alternatif pour la gestion ‎des nématodes à galles dans la production de concombres de serre dans les conditions ‎libanaises.‎ / Root-knot nematodes remain one of the most serious problems faced ‎by ‎greenhouse farmers of Lebanon and the Middle East region. In the past, soil fumigation ‎with methyl bromide has been considered as ‎the best control measure against root-knot ‎nematodes. However, in the light of the global phase out of methyl bromide, finding ‎efficient and viable alternatives is an essential necessity.‎The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the two biofumigation ‎crops ‎Oil Radish (Raphanus sativus oleifera) and Arugula (Eruca vesicaria sativa) applied ‎with ‎and without plastic tarp, separately and in combination with Oxamyl in the ‎management of ‎the root-knot nematodes in greenhouse cucumber crops. Additionally, this ‎study aimed at ‎assessing the financial feasibility of the biofumigation technique with the ‎two cops used ‎and the final profitability of these green manure crops in terms of cost to ‎benefit ratio as ‎compared to methyl bromide.‎For this purpose, three field experiments were carried out in ‎commercial ‎greenhouses situated on the coastal zone of Lebanon.‎In both experiments A & B consistent results were recorded in terms of production ‎of ‎significantly higher yields and reduction of nematode population with the ‎biofumigation ‎crops used whether with or without plastic cover, as compared to untreated ‎fallow.‎As to the results achieved by the biofumigation crops with respect to methyl ‎bromide, ‎in experiment A yield produced by methyl bromide was significantly higher than ‎oil radish ‎with plastic cover. However, no significant difference was found between ‎reduction of ‎nematode population resulting from methyl bromide and oil radish with plastic ‎cover. ‎Difference was significant between methyl bromide and oil radish without plastic ‎cover in ‎both yield and reduction of nematodes.‎In experiment B no significant difference was observed in neither yield nor ‎reduction ‎of nematode population between any of the two biofumigation crops used with ‎plastic ‎cover and methyl bromide. These differences were significantly in favor of methyl ‎bromide ‎only when oil radish was used without plastic cover.‎In experiment C where Vydate (Oxamyl) was incorporated at the rate of 1 liter ‎per ‎‎1,000 m2 to all treatments, there was no significant difference in neither yield nor ‎reduction ‎of nematode population between any of the two biofumigation crops used with or ‎without ‎plastic cover.‎Cost-benefit analysis made on all treatments applied in the 3 experiments ‎showed ‎that in all cases, all treatments applied, whether chemical, non-chemical (with or ‎without ‎plastic cover) or in combination have produced higher net profits than methyl ‎bromide, ‎even when yield produced by methyl bromide was significantly higher.‎Use of plastic for covering oil radish has generally produced ‎better results in terms ‎of ‎production of higher yields, better reduction of soil ‎populations of root-knot nematodes‏‎ ‎and ‎‏leading to ‎‏reasonable increases of net profits.‎Based on these findings and in the light of global phase out of methyl bromide, ‎it ‎can be concluded that the use of oil radish and arugula as biofumigation crops with ‎plastic ‎cover can be considered as ‎an alternative management tool for the root-knot ‎nematode in ‎greenhouse cucumber ‎production under Lebanese conditions.‎