Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-95).

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第20459号 / 人博第809号 / 新制||人||194(附属図書館) / 28||人博||809(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 瀬戸口 浩彰, 教授 加藤 眞, 教授 市岡 孝朗 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) is a major food resource of much of the world. Sweetpotato production is damaging to the soils in which it is grown due to the nature of production and the condition the soil is left to overwinter. There is potential for future regulation on the production of sweetpotato as related to runoff and nonpoint source pollution as the sediment from runoff erosion is easy to pinpoint in nearby waterways. Two studies were carried out to determine the effect of a reduced tillage practice and cover crops on the accumulation of nutrients in cover crops and yield of sweetpotato. The use of stale seed beds will reduce the number of tillage operations in a field and will allow earlier access to the field. Cover crops will benefit the soil with cover during rains while accumulating and recycling nutrients that may otherwise be lost and improving soil structure with the addition of organic matter.

Este trabalho objetivou determinar as modificações ambientais causadas pelo uso de filme de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD), em túneis baixos com perfurações de 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% e 20% no desempenho da cultura da rúcula (Eruca vesicaria sativa (Mill) Thell) durante o verão e o outono e da cultura do rabanete (Raphanus sativus L.) durante o inverno e a primavera. Como variáveis resposta analisaram-se a umidade relativa do ar, a temperatura ambiente, a temperatura do solo, a radiação solar, além das características morfológicas da cultura: a massa seca, a massa verde, número de folhas (altura, peso, largura da planta), além da produtividade por área em cada tratamento. Os resultados mostraram que as variáveis climáticas envolvidas não apresentaram resultados significativamente diferentes entre os diversos níveis de perfuração pesquisados (5%, 10%, 15% e 20%). No entanto, as alterações microclimáticas ocorridas pela influência das perfurações no filme plástico tornaram o microclima no interior dos túneis baixos propício ao melhor desenvolvimento da cultura da rúcula (Eruca vesicaria sativa (Mill)Thell), e do rabanete (Raphanus sativus L.), resultando em maior produtividade. / The purpose of this research was to determine the environmental changes that the low density polythylene with different perforated film area (5, 10, 15, 20%) may cause on the rocket press culture (Eruca vesicaria sativa (Mill) Thell) during summer and fall time and radish culture (Raphanus sativus L.) during winter and spring time in low tunnel conditions. The climate variables analyzed were the humidity and air temperature, soil temperature and solar radiation. The culture parameters used to compare the treatments were dry matter, green matter, morphologicals characteristics of the plants (number, height, width and weight of leaves) and productivity. The results showed that find any significative differences between the climate variables inside the low tunnel with different perforated film area (5, 10, 15, 20%). However, the modification caused by the low tunnel with perforated plastic did provide performance of rocket press culture (Eruca vesicaria sativa (Mill) Thell) development in summer and fall time, and radish culture (Raphanus sativus L.) development in winter and spring, had better productivity and marketable characteristics.

Raphanus raphanistrum L. (wild radish) is a widespread and economically problematic weed of winter crops including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in southern Australia. Management of the weed is achieved by a range of non-chemical and chemical techniques. Current management is failing to contain the weed, which is increasing in abundance and distribution. The characteristics of staggered recruitment, dormancy, rapid growth, competitive ability and high levels of seed production contribute to its persistence. The literature review concludes that weeds formed the basis for perpetuation of R. raphanistrum, a claim further investigated by simulation modeling. The effective management of R. raphanistrum should aim to achieve declining populations and this requires the integration of all factors that regulate seed production. Reducing seed production of R. raphanistrum in wheat can be achieved by applying herbicides at reproductive stages of development. This technique has been demonstrated to be an effective, safe and practical method of reducing seed production of R. raphanistrum in wheat. Reducing seed production of R. raphanistrum by herbicides applied at reproductive stages of development is a technique that can be incorporated into an integrated weed management program to improve control / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Genetic variation exists in <i>Raphanus</i> that could be of use to <i>Brassica</i> breeders. Of particular interest is the Ogura system of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) which has been worked on extensively in a <i>Brassica napus</i> background. Problems have been experienced in <i>B. napus</i>restorer lines due to the inheritance of a large segment of <i>Raphanus</i> chromosome containing the fertility restoring locus. This restorer introgression is located on the <i>Brassica</i> C genome making it only of use for <i>B. napus</i> and not for <i>B. rapa</i> or <i>B. juncea</i>. This thesis describes the development of the materials necessary for the introgression into the <i>Brassica</i> A genome of a defined segment of <i>Raphanus</i> chromosome containing a restorer locus. Defined genetic stocks of <i>Raphanus</i> were developed that contained specific loci controlling restoration of Ogura CMS. This material was used to develop populations segregating for specific restorer loci. Extensive RFLP maps of three <i>Raphanus</i> populations were developed and aligned, resulting in a robust consensus map of the entire <i>Raphanus</i> genome. Three restorer loci were accurately mapped on three separate linkage groups. The segment of <i>Raphanus</i> that is implicated in the restoration of Ogura CMS in a <i>B. napus</i> restorer line developed by INRA was identified and it did not correspond to any of the regions containing the three mapped restorer loci, suggesting the presence of more restorer loci in <i>Raphanus</i>. Comparative mapping between the <i>Raphanus</i> genome map and previously generated <i>Brassica</i> A genome RFLP maps demonstrated large regions of collinearity between segments of chromosomes of the two species. Preliminary examination of the two genome maps suggest they contain essentially the same overall genetic content but with large segments of the genomes rearranged with respect to each other. Likely sites of <i>Raphanus</i> restorer introgression into the <i>Brassica</i> A genome were predicted. Trigenomic tetraploids were developed in which pairing and recombination between homoeologous segments of <i>Raphanus</i> and <i>Brassica</i> A chromosomes should result. Progeny of these individuals will allow an assessment of the pattern and extent of recombination that occurs between the chromosomes of the <i>Raphanus</i> and <i>Brassica</i> A genomes and should lead to the development of 'B. napus' lines carrying Ogura CMS restorer alleles from <i>Raphanus</i>.

Fundamental to the future of space exploration is the development of advanced life support systems capable of maintaining crews for significant periods without re-supply from Earth. Bioregenerative life support systems harness natural ecosystem processes and employ plant photosynthesis and transpiration to produce food, supply oxygen, and regenerate water while consuming carbon dioxide. Proposed Lunar and Martian exploration has prompted interest into the effects of hypobaria on plant development. Reduced atmospheric pressure conditions will reduce the pressure gradient between the structure and the local environment thereby decreasing the engineering requirements, leakage and mass required to construct the growth facility. To establish the optimal conditions for reduced pressure plant growth structures it is essential to determine the atmospheric pressure limits required for plant development and growth. Due to its physiological importance, oxygen will compose a significant portion of this atmosphere. The effects of reduced atmospheric pressure and decreased oxygen partial pressures on plant germination, growth and development were assessed in the University of Guelph’s hypobaric plant growth chambers. Treatments included a range of total pressures from 10 to 98 kPa and oxygen partial pressures from 2 to 20 kPa. Results demonstrated that reduced atmospheric pressure had minimal effect on plant growth, net carbon exchange rate and transpiration if the physiologically important gases including carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapour, were maintained above threshold levels. The reduction of oxygen partial pressures below 7 kPa had drastic consequences across all atmospheric pressures with poor germination, seedling establishment and growth. It is evident that the response of plants grown at reduced pressures from young seedlings differs from that of older plants that were established at ambient conditions and then subjected to the atmospheric adjustment. The young plant tissues adapt in response to the extreme conditions and maintain productivity despite the limited atmosphere. / Natural Science and Engineering Research Council, Canadian Space Agency, Ontario Graduate Student Program, Canadian Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Innovation Trust

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:32:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissABG.pdf: 2489261 bytes, checksum: 65c0d87f1aabe3f9693bdb8719c132fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-09-11 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The objective of this work was analyze the effects of aqueous extracts of Aristolochia esperanzae organs in the germination and early growth of lettuce and radish. All the prepared extracts obeyed the ratio of 100g of plant material + 300 mL of distilled water to produce an extract 100% concentrated. This extract was diluted with distilled water to produce final concentrations of 75, 50 and 25%. In the germination tests the extracts of leaf, stem, root, fruit and flower, with concentration of 100, 75, 50, 25% were evaluated. In the seedlings growth, extracts of leaf, stem and root were used in the concentration of 100 and 50%. In the germination tests, four replicates of 30 seeds were distributed in Petri dishes with two filter paper moistened with 5 mL of the extracts, dried during 12 hours and moistened again with 4,5 mL of distilled water. In the first test, the rate and germination percentage was evaluated. In the growth test, the seeds were previously germinated (2-4mm root length) and transferred to plastic boxes containing the filter paper or coconut fiber, moistened with the extracts. The aerial part height, root length, dry mass and the presence of abnormalities in the seedlings were evaluated. Both tests were maintained at constant temperature (27ºC). The obtained results showed that the leaf extracts affected strongly the germination percentage and all the extracts, in different concentrations, delayed the germination of lettuce and radish seeds. In the growth test could be verified that the stem and root extracts caused abnormalities in the seedlings. The seedlings grown in filter paper presented bigger growth inhibition in relation to seedlings from coconut fiber. The extract concentration was the main responsible for the incentive or inhibition caused on lettuce and radish seedlings growth. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os efeitos de extratos aquosos de diferentes órgãos de Aristolochia esperanzae na germinação e crescimento de alface e rabanete. Todos os extratos preparados obedeceram à proporção de 100g de material vegetal para 300 mL de água destilada, que produziu o extrato considerado 100% concentrado. A partir deste, foram feitas diluições com água destilada para 75, 50 e 25%. Nos testes de germinação foram avaliados os efeitos dos extratos obtidos de folha, caule, raiz, fruto e flor a 100, 75, 50 e 25% Para o teste de crescimento foram utilizados extratos de folha, caule e raiz na concentração de 100 e 50%. Nos testes de germinação foram utilizadas quatro repetições de 30 sementes distribuídas em placas de Petri forradas com duas folhas de papel de filtro umedecidas com 5 mL dos referidos extratos, secas durante 12 horas e reumedecidas com 4,5 mL de água destilada. No primeiro teste avaliou-se a porcentagem e velocidade de germinação das sementes. No teste de crescimento, as sementes foram previamente germinadas (2-4 mm de radícula) e depois transferidas para caixas plásticas contendo os substratos papel de filtro e fibra de coco umedecidos com os respectivos extratos. Avaliou-se a altura das plântulas, o comprimento radicular, a massa seca das plântulas, e a presença de anormalidades nas plântulas. Os testes foram mantidos a temperatura constante de 27ºC. Através dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que os extratos de folha foram os que mais afetaram a porcentagem de germinação e que todos os extratos e as diferentes concentrações retardaram a germinação de sementes de alface e de rabanete. Quanto ao teste de crescimento pode-se verificar que os extratos de caule e raiz causaram anormalidades nas plântulas. As plântulas crescidas no substrato papel de filtro apresentaram maior inibição do crescimento, em relação àquelas crescidas no substrato fibra de coco. A concentração dos extratos foi a principal responsável pelo estímulo ou inibição causada no crescimento das plântulas de alface e rabanete.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:07:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rezende_bla_me_jabo.pdf: 266492 bytes, checksum: 47bd9434bd29cae6bf67c6950ad8a1ba (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O trabalho foi conduzido na UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, no período de setembro de 2003 a janeiro de 2004, com objetivo de avaliar a produtividade e rentabilidade das culturas de pimentão, repolho, rúcula, alface e rabanete em cultivo consorciado. O experimento constou de 15 tratamentos, correspondentes a 10 cultivos consorciados e cinco monocultivos, instalado sob delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com seis repetições. Foram utilizados os híbridos Magali R e Kenzan, respectivamente, para pimentão e repolho, e as cultivares Vera, Cultivada e Crimson Gigante, respectivamente, para alface, rúcula e rabanete. A determinação do custo de produção do cultivo consorciado foi realizada com base na metodologia do custo operacional de produção, no mês de agosto de 2003. As produtividades de pimentão e repolho em cultivo consorciado não diferiram significativamente das obtidas em monocultivo. Maior massa fresca de parte aérea de plantas de alface (438,86 g/planta) foi observada quando a alface foi consorciada com pimentão, diferindo estatisticamente dos demais cultivos que obtiveram em média 323,05 g/planta de alface. Aumento na produtividade de raízes comerciais de rabanete foi observada quando o rabanete foi consorciado com pimentão, porém, foi significativamente superior apenas ao cultivo consorciado de pimentão+repolho+rabanete. A massa fresca da parte aérea da rúcula mostrou diferença apenas entre os consórcios de pimentão+rúcula+alface e pimentão+repolho+rúcula. Exceto o consórcio pimentão+repolho que obteve índice de uso eficiente da terra (UET) de 1,93; todos os outros consórcios apresentaram UET superior a 2, com maior UET (2,64) obtido no consórcio pimentão+alface. Os custos operacionais totais dos cultivos consorciados foram inferiores à soma dos custos das respectivas culturas em monocultivo... . / This work was carried out at UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, in the period of September 2003 to January 2004, with objective to evaluate the yields and profitability of pepper, cabbage, rocket, lettuce and radish in intercropping, in relation to their monocultives. The experiment appraised 15 treatments, corresponding to 10 intercropping and five monocultives. The experimental design was a radomized block with six replications. The hybrid Magali R and Kenzan were used, respectively, for pepper and cabbage; and cultivars Vera, Cultivada and Crimson Gigante, respectively, for lettuce, rocket and radish. The determination from the production cost of the intercropping cultivation was carried out by with base in the methodology of the operational cost production, in August 2003.Yields of pepper and cabbage in intercropping didn't differ significantly of the obtained in monocultive. Largest fresh mass of aerial part of lettuce (438.86 g/plant) was observed in lettuce and pepper associated cultive. In the other cultivations, it was obtained 323.05 g/plant of lettuce. Increase at yield of commercial roots of radish was observed in radish and pepper intercropping, however, it was significantly larger to the intercropping cultivation of the pepper+cabbage+radish only. The fresh mass of the aerial part of the rocket was statistical smaller than pepper+rocket+cabbage intercropping. Except to pepper+cabbage intercropping with land efficient use (LEU) of 1.93, all the intercropping cultives showed LEU bigger than 2.0, with largest LEU (2.64) obtained at pepper+lettuce intercropping. The total operational cost of the associated cultivation was lower to the sum of the costs of the cultures in monoculture. It verified larger net revenue (R$48.847,98) in the intercropping cultivation at pepper+lettuce. Considering the index LEU, the quality of the harvested vegetables and net revenue... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

Resumo: O trabalho foi conduzido na UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, no período de setembro de 2003 a janeiro de 2004, com objetivo de avaliar a produtividade e rentabilidade das culturas de pimentão, repolho, rúcula, alface e rabanete em cultivo consorciado. O experimento constou de 15 tratamentos, correspondentes a 10 cultivos consorciados e cinco monocultivos, instalado sob delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com seis repetições. Foram utilizados os híbridos Magali R e Kenzan, respectivamente, para pimentão e repolho, e as cultivares Vera, Cultivada e Crimson Gigante, respectivamente, para alface, rúcula e rabanete. A determinação do custo de produção do cultivo consorciado foi realizada com base na metodologia do custo operacional de produção, no mês de agosto de 2003. As produtividades de pimentão e repolho em cultivo consorciado não diferiram significativamente das obtidas em monocultivo. Maior massa fresca de parte aérea de plantas de alface (438,86 g/planta) foi observada quando a alface foi consorciada com pimentão, diferindo estatisticamente dos demais cultivos que obtiveram em média 323,05 g/planta de alface. Aumento na produtividade de raízes comerciais de rabanete foi observada quando o rabanete foi consorciado com pimentão, porém, foi significativamente superior apenas ao cultivo consorciado de pimentão+repolho+rabanete. A massa fresca da parte aérea da rúcula mostrou diferença apenas entre os consórcios de pimentão+rúcula+alface e pimentão+repolho+rúcula. Exceto o consórcio pimentão+repolho que obteve índice de uso eficiente da terra (UET) de 1,93; todos os outros consórcios apresentaram UET superior a 2, com maior UET (2,64) obtido no consórcio pimentão+alface. Os custos operacionais totais dos cultivos consorciados foram inferiores à soma dos custos das respectivas culturas em monocultivo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: This work was carried out at UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, in the period of September 2003 to January 2004, with objective to evaluate the yields and profitability of pepper, cabbage, rocket, lettuce and radish in intercropping, in relation to their monocultives. The experiment appraised 15 treatments, corresponding to 10 intercropping and five monocultives. The experimental design was a radomized block with six replications. The hybrid Magali R and Kenzan were used, respectively, for pepper and cabbage; and cultivars Vera, Cultivada and Crimson Gigante, respectively, for lettuce, rocket and radish. The determination from the production cost of the intercropping cultivation was carried out by with base in the methodology of the operational cost production, in August 2003.Yields of pepper and cabbage in intercropping didn't differ significantly of the obtained in monocultive. Largest fresh mass of aerial part of lettuce (438.86 g/plant) was observed in lettuce and pepper associated cultive. In the other cultivations, it was obtained 323.05 g/plant of lettuce. Increase at yield of commercial roots of radish was observed in radish and pepper intercropping, however, it was significantly larger to the intercropping cultivation of the pepper+cabbage+radish only. The fresh mass of the aerial part of the rocket was statistical smaller than pepper+rocket+cabbage intercropping. Except to pepper+cabbage intercropping with land efficient use (LEU) of 1.93, all the intercropping cultives showed LEU bigger than 2.0, with largest LEU (2.64) obtained at pepper+lettuce intercropping. The total operational cost of the associated cultivation was lower to the sum of the costs of the cultures in monoculture. It verified larger net revenue (R$48.847,98) in the intercropping cultivation at pepper+lettuce. Considering the index LEU, the quality of the harvested vegetables and net revenue... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Orientador: Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho / Coorientadora: Maria Inez Espagnoli Geraldo Martins / Mestre