La maladie de Kienböck fragilise le lunatum, qui souvent évolue vers la fracture et le collapsus. Divers facteurs ont été évoqués pour en expliquer l’origine, principalement anatomiques, comme l’index radio-ulnaire distal négatif, la structure trabéculaire du lunatum ou la pente de la glène radiale. Le carpe est soumis à des forces de compression qui tendent à le disloquer ou à l’écraser. Cette compression transmise par les métacarpiens se concentre dans le carpe vers l’espace radio-scapho-lunaire.La prise en charge chirurgicale la plus courante de la maladie de Kienböck avant le collapsus arthrosique est la décompression du lunatum par raccourcissement osseux de voisinage. Si l'ostéotomie transversale de raccourcissement du radius est la plus répandue, d’autres ostéotomies ont été proposées: l'ostéotomie de soustraction externe du radius, de soustraction interne du radius, d’accourcissement du capitatum, parfois étendue à l’hamatum. Ces différentes ostéotomies ayant un résultat différent sur l’anatomie, on peut supposer un effet de décompression variable sur le lunatum.Notre point de vue est que pour éviter la fracture du lunatum, il faut le soustraire durablement aux contraintes, en les déviant vers le scaphoïde ou le triquetrum. L’espace radio-scaphoïdien paraît moins à risque de conflit par hyperpression que l’espace ulno-carpien. Notre hypothèse est que pour dévier les contraintes vers le scaphoïde, il ne faut pas que le raccourcissement concerne la colonne externe du carpe, et l’espace radio-scaphoïdien. Nous avons envisagé de planifier une ostéotomie du radius pour ne pas décomprimer le scaphoïde. L’ostéotomie “Camembert” consiste à réséquer un coin osseux délimité entre le bord ulnaire du radius et le centre de la glène radiale.La technique est réalisée par voie dorsale, avec une résection contrôlée sous ampli, et une ostéosynthèse par une agrafe. Les résultats sont rapportés sur une série de 11 poignets opérés à sept ans de recul. Ils sont excellents et bons dans huit cas, corrects dans 2 cas, et mauvais une fois.Nous avons mené une analyse biomécanique par éléments finis, comparant la décompression du lunatum suivant différentes ostéotomies. Certaines ostéotomies peuvent entraîner une surcharge du lunatum, une surcharge au niveau de la STT avec hyperflexion scaphoïdienne, ou une surcharge ulno-carpienne, possiblement péjoratives. L'ostéotomie Camembert semble éviter ces écueils. Combinée à une ostéotomie ulnaire de Sennwald, que nous proposons lorsque la variance du cubitus est neutre ou positive, elle semble être celle qui décomprime le mieux le lunatum. La voie d’abord postérieure préserve la vascularisation palmaire du radius accompagnant le muscle carré pronateur. Elle ne nécessite pas d’incision de la capsule radiocarpienne, au contraire de l’ostéotomie du capitatum, ce qui préserve la vascularisation et les ligaments stabilisateurs du carpe. Nous proposons d'utiliser cette procédure pour les stades Lichtman 1-2-3A s'il n'y a pas de lésions du cartilage ou des ligaments, ce qui peut être vérifié au mieux par arthroscopie avant de confirmer l’indication. / Kienböck's disease weakens the lunate, which often evolves to fracture and collapse. Various factors, mainly anatomical, have been suggested to explain its origin, such as the negative distal radioulnar index, the trabecular structure of the lunate or the slope of the radial glenoid. The carpus is subjected to compressive loads that tend to dislocate or collapse it. This load transmitted by the metacarpals is concentrated through the carpus towards the radio-scapho-lunate space.The most common surgical management of Kienböck's disease prior to osteoarthritic collapse is decompression of the lunate by neighbourhood bone shortening. While transverse osteotomy for radius shortening is the most common, other osteotomies have been proposed: lateral radius shortening osteotomy, medial radius shortening osteotomy, capitate shortening, sometimes extended to the hamate. As these different osteotomies have a different result on the anatomy, a variable unloading effect of the lunate can be assumed.Our point of view is that to avoid a lunate fracture, it must be durably relieved from stresses by diverting it towards the scaphoid or the triquetrum. The radio-scaphoid space seems less at risk of hyperpressure than the ulno-carpal space. Our hypothesis is that to deviate the stresses towards the scaphoid, the shortening must involve neither the external column of the carpus, nor the radius facing the scaphoid. The "Camembert" osteotomy consists in resecting a bone wedge delimited between the ulnar edge of the radius and the centre of the radial glenoid.The technique is performed dorsally, with controlled bone resection under fluoroscopy. Osteosynthesis is completed with a staple. The results are reported on a series of 11 wrists with seven years follow-up. They are excellent and good in 8 cases, correct in 2 cases, and bad once.We conducted a biomechanical finite element analysis comparing the decompression of the lunate following different osteotomies. Some osteotomies may result in lunate overload, STT overload with scaphoid hyperflexion, or ulnocarpal overload, possibly pejorative. The Camembert osteotomy seems to avoid these pitfalls. Combined with a Sennwald ulnar osteotomy, notably when the ulnar index is neutral or positive, it seems to be the one that best unloads the lunate. The posterior approach preserves the palmar vascularization of the radius accompanying the pronator quadratus muscle. It does not require any incision of the dorsal radiocarpal capsule, unlike the capitate shortening, which preserves the vascularization and stabilizing ligaments of the carpus. We propose to use Camembert osteotomy for Lichtman 1-2-3A stages if there is no cartilage or ligament damage, which can best be verified arthroscopically before confirming the indication. / Doctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

There is increasing attention to the security challenges of IT-OT networks. Mitigating these challenges needs sophisticated methods to secure such networks, especially by securing access to the network. One valuable strategy that provides security to the network access level is Port-Based Authentication. Any authentication method within the IEEE 802.1x that can be adapted to current network complexity to minimize the attack surface related to the network access level is an area of interest. RADIUS has been a well-known leading protocol for a few decades while Diameter is newly developed from RADIUS as an unknown protocol; there is a lack of resources on the practical level. This thesis analyzes and evaluates RADIUS & Diameter protocols regarding authentication timeand their functionalities. The hardware used for the implementation phase consists of two Raspberry Pi as a server and supplicant, one IEEE 8021.x supporting switch (Ubiquity EdgeSwitch 24 Lite) and two Virtual Machinesalong with the software freeRADIUS & freeDiameter. Analyzing the fact for each protocol by literature study and the implementation result of this thesis, Diameter protocol requires more time to process the authentication than RADIUS. However, there were issues on the implementation that have affected the measurement of authentication time for Diameter. Based on the results, Diameter provides reliability, scalability, and more security than RADIUS. RADIUS shows a stable authentication time as promised. The RADIUS protocol is easy to implement and provides stable authentication, while Diameter still needs more software and documentation improvements.

This diploma thesis deals with authentication using RADIUS protocol and authentication methods in accordance with standard IEEE 802.1X. At the beginning there are shortly characteristics of chosen authentication methods, such as CHAP, PAP and some EAP types. Document includes summary of RADIUS protocols implementations, especially the FreeRADIUS server. Our goal is to implement a management tool to adminitrate FreeRADIUS server.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18098号 / 理博第3976号 / 新制||理||1573(附属図書館) / 30956 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻 / (主査)教授 吉村 一良, 教授 北川 宏, 教授 寺西 利治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

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This Master's thesis investigates a method to measure atomic nuclei with record precision using muonic atom X-ray spectroscopy. In particular, 6Li is measured experimentally. The method used is independent from the previous most precise measurement of the 6Li nuclear charge radius which uses electron scattering. Measuring low-Z elements using muonic X-ray transitions requires excellent detectors which have so far been mostly optimised for higher energies. This project investigates methods to reach precision requirements for low-Z elements which can yield insight into nuclear structure models, and uses a Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) which is here characterised in detail and found to allow for significantly improved results over previous attempts. So far, the SDD and developed calibration scheme demonstrates a 3.7 eV precision compared to the target 0.5 eV. It appears to be limited by detector resolution, which also makes curve fitting difficult for complex line structures. A new method for generating calibration lines, X-ray fluorescence, is tested and shows good promise for future use. The planned use of a Metallic Magnetic Microcalorimeter will potentially improve results significantly, having a much-improved resolution over SDD's. Preliminary experimental results find ΔEµLi-6, 2p-1s = 18780.6 ± 15.7 eV, which is a factor of 4 improvement over the previous best measurement of this transition and the world's most precise measurement to date. While the uncertainty is larger than seen in designated calibration runs, it demonstrates the ability to perform high-precision muonic atom spectroscopy. With new detector technologies, this thesis finds no immediate obstacles to the target 0.5 eV precision.

The electromagnetic form factors in elastic electron-proton scattering are used to determine the finite size of the proton. Through the use of Feynman Diagrams and Fermi's "golden rule", several key results for cross sections of elastic electron scattering will be re-derived. This will ultimately lead to the calculation for the Rosenbluth formula, that describes in detail the process of electron-proton scattering. Furthermore, the process used for determining the size of the proton from the form factors will be shown. In addition, a recent paper by R. Jaffe, which argues the validity of this process, will be discussed in detail. / Physics

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Globular clusters are found in the halos of all types of galaxies, and have been shown to play major roles in the formation of stars and galaxies. The purpose of this thesis is to advance our level of understanding of the dynamical evolution of globular clusters through N-body simulations of clusters with a range of circular, eccentric, and inclined orbits. Theoretical studies have historically assumed that globular clusters experience a static tidal field, however the orbits of globular clusters are all non-circular and the tidal field of most galaxies is not symmetric. Understanding how clusters evolve in realistic potentials allows for them to be used to constrain the formation, merger history, and evolution of a host galaxy and even map out the current size, shape, and strength of a galaxy's gravitational field. We find that dense and compact clusters evolve as if they are in isolation, despite being subject to a non-static tidal field. For larger clusters, tidal shocks and heating inject energy into the cluster and significantly alter its evolution compared to previous studies. We describe how a non-static field alters the mass loss rate and relaxation time of a cluster, and propose methods for calculating a cluster's size and orbit. We then apply our work to clusters in the giant galaxies M87, NGC 1399, and NGC 5128. We consider each cluster population to be a collection of metal poor and metal rich clusters and generate models with a range of orbital distributions. From our models we constrain the orbital anisotropy profile of each galaxy, place constraints on their formation and merger histories, and explore the effects of nearby galaxies on cluster evolution. By advancing studies of globular cluster evolution to include the effects of a non-static tidal field, we have made an important step towards accurately modelling globular clusters from birth to dissolution. Our work opens the door for globular clusters to be used as tools to study galaxy formation, evolution, and structure. Future studies will explore how galaxy formation and growth via the hierarchical merger of smaller galaxies will affect cluster evolution. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)