Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_ecm_me_ilha.pdf: 1777300 bytes, checksum: f5e35375b4a1e9e034ae9b487436cef5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho descreve detalhadamente uma metodologia alternativa para o cálculo dos parâmetros longitudinais e transversais de um condutor múltiplo genérico, com base na configuração de um condutor equivalente. A metodologia proposta considera precisamente o acoplamento mútuo entre os subcondutores que compões o feixe, a natureza distribuída dos parâmetros e a distribuição da corrente, uniforme ou desigual, através dos subcondutores. São calculados e analisados os parâmetros utilizando a metodologia alternativa proposta e o procedimento clássico baseado na obtenção de um condutor equivalente aplicando o conceito do Raio Médio Geométrico (RMG), para diversos condutores múltiplos, sendo eles simétricos ou não simétricos, convencionais ou não-convencionais. Posteriormente, são comparados os resultados obtidos por ambos os métodos e a partir desses é possível comprovar a eficácia da metodologia proposta e eventuais situações em que a metodologia clássica, envolvendo o conceito do RMG, apresenta algumas imprecisões derivadas da distribuição não uniforme da corrente em condutores múltiplos assimétricos ou pouco convencionais / The present work describes an alternative methodology to evaluate the longitudinal and transversal parameters of a generic bundled conductor, based on the configuration of an equivalent conductor. The proposed methodology considers precisely the mutual coupling among subconductors of the bundle, the distributed nature of parameters and the current distribution through subconductors. The parameters are calculated and analyzed using the proposed alternative methodology and the classic procedure, based on equivalent conductor applying the concept of Geometric Mean Radius (GMR), for several bundled conductors, symmetric or nonsymmetric, conventional or non-conventional. Subsequently, the obtained results are compared to both methods and then it is possible to verify the efficacy of the proposed methodology and eventual situations where the classic methodology, based on RMG concept, presents inaccuracies due to the non-uniform distribution of the current in non-symmetric or non-conventional bundled conductors

Fractures of the distal radius are the most common fractures treated at our clinics . It accounts for around 16 % of all fractures. Most often we meet them in two age groups - children and especially in postmenopausal women. In this group the fractures are frequently associated with osteoporosis. The most common cause of fracture is a fall on the outstretched extremity. Together with fractures of the proximal humerus, proximal femur and vertebral fractures they are the most common gerontotraumatologic fractures. The frequency of fractures of the distal radius gradually increasing. The reason is the increasing average age of the population and their active way of life. Our group consists of 5,359 patients treated for a fracture of the distal radius in 1998 and from 2001 to 2013 . During this time , the frequency of fractures increased by 19,7%. For women with distal radius fractures occur 3 times more frequently, the average age of treated was 59,1 years. About 80 % of distal radius fractures are treated conservatively. The surgical treatment of seniors decide not only the type and stability of the fracture, bone quality, but especially the overall condition of the patient and his claims to a final functional outcome. Long-term functional results after conservative treatment in the elderly are nearly the...

Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-09-30T14:23:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Washington Luiz Pinto Filho.pdf: 8211076 bytes, checksum: 5b0146ee71fe71f4ffea30a9fca0f822 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-10-02T20:44:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Washington Luiz Pinto Filho.pdf: 8211076 bytes, checksum: 5b0146ee71fe71f4ffea30a9fca0f822 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-10-06T19:53:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Washington Luiz Pinto Filho.pdf: 8211076 bytes, checksum: 5b0146ee71fe71f4ffea30a9fca0f822 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-06T19:53:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Washington Luiz Pinto Filho.pdf: 8211076 bytes, checksum: 5b0146ee71fe71f4ffea30a9fca0f822 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-29 / Não informada / The city of Manaus has the highest average growth rates of the fleet, according to the DENATRAN. Over the past 10 years, the fleet of cars rose from 124,840 (2003) to 297,473 cars (2013) and 3,179 buses (2003) to 7,398 buses (2013). This equates to a 138% increase. Moreover, although, according to DENATRAN in 2003, Manaus was 220,816 vehicles. In 2013, Manaus already has 551,455 registered vehicles in its municipal fleet, which equates to an increase of almost 150%. As a result of this growth, the city roads are presented with its ability to flow and dead, visually, with their decks completely deformed. In this sense, we tried to carry this research, a structural evaluation of pavements of the main streets of the town (Av. Constantino Nery, Avenida Djalma Batista, Recife Av, Av and Av Efigênio Sales Paraíba), employing the technique FWD (Falling Weight Deflectometer) in the diagnosis of the pavement structures of these pathways. The results showed that the structures of those decks still have the condition to withstand the demands of traffic load applied to them, since their structural quality obtained by the mentioned technique, presented in good condition, according to the floors they presented deflections smaller than the allowed maximum, and radii of curvature much greater than 100 m. In addition, analysis was performed of the safety of the coating with respect to tire-pavement grip, which presented values for microtexture and macrotexture well outside the ranges recommended by the standards. / A cidade de Manaus apresenta uma das maiores taxas de crescimento médio da frota de veículos, segundo dados do DENATRAN. Nos últimos 10 anos, a frota de automóveis aumentou de 124.840 (2003) para 297.473 automóveis (2013) e 3.179 ônibus (2003) para 7.398 ônibus (2013). Isto equivale a um aumento de 138 %. Ademais, ainda, segundo o DENATRAN, em 2003, Manaus tinha 220.816 veículos. Em 2013, Manaus já possui 551.455 veículos registrados na sua frota municipal, o que equivale a um aumento de quase 150 %. Como consequência deste crescimento, as vias da cidade apresentam-se com sua capacidade de fluxo inoperante e, visualmente, com seus pavimentos totalmente deformados. Neste sentido, procurou-se realizar, nesta pesquisa, uma avaliação estrutural dos pavimentos das principais vias da cidade (Av. Constantino Nery, Av. Djalma Batista, Av. Recife, Av. Paraíba e Av. Efigênio Sales), empregando a técnica FWD (Falling Weight Deflectometer) no diagnóstico das estruturas dos pavimentos das referidas vias. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as estruturas daqueles pavimentos ainda apresentam a condição de suportar as solicitações de carga de tráfego a elas aplicadas, visto que sua qualidade estrutural, obtida pela técnica mencionada, apresentou-se em boas condições, em função dos pavimentos terem apresentado deflexões máximas inferiores às admissíveis, bem como raios de curvatura muito superiores a 100 m. Como complemento à análise estrutural, realizou-se análise das condições funcionais do revestimento com relação à aderência pneu-pavimento, a qual apresentou valores para microtextura e macrotextura bem fora dos intervalos recomendados pelas normas.

This thesis investigates how Ericsson AB should do to achieve fast and secure handover when roaming in a WLAN. It also provides a security analysis of the system that the wireless access point is part of. The reason for this is that Ericsson is selling an access point called the ABS 2200 aimed at the public hotspot market. The premise was that they wanted a standardized way of handling the roaming issue. At the outset the 802.11F standard looked like a good alternative (in fact the only standardized alternative). Towards last stages of the work though, it was discovered that the 802.11F standard is no longer supported by IEEE. Despite this fact, the conclusion is that secure and fast roaming can be attained if 802.11F is combined with the security standard 802.11i. The security analysis concludes that Denial Of Service is a major threat to WLAN hotspots. It also points out the link between the access point and authentication server is the weakest link in the system. The recommendation is that this link receives an additional layer of protection through IPsec withESP. The algorithm recommendations for ESP are AES for confidentiality and SHA-1 for integrity. This thesis can also be used as a primer on security in WLAN and contains an extensive glossary making it useful as a reference when reading 802.11 standards.

I dagsläget ligger oftast fokus för datasäkerhet hos de flesta företag och organisationer på att skydda gränsen mellan det egna interna datanätverket och det yttre publika. Detta kan leda till att skyddet på insidan försummas och öppna upp möjligheter för olika typer av obehörig användning. Företag X har ett stort datanätverk med behov av skydd på insidan. Detta beror på att fysisk tillgång till nätverket är svår att begränsa på grund av att det till största del är placerat i öppna miljöer. Detta examensarbete behandlar en implementation av standarden 802.1x hos detta företag. 802.1x gör det möjligt att begränsa användandet av datanätverket baserat på vilka premisser ändutrustningen verifierar sig med. Åtkomst till nätverket sätts redan på den fysiska porten i nätverket där utrustningen kopplas in. Kraven och önskemålen från företaget har varit att ta fram och genomföra test av en lösning som innehåller verifieringsmetoder för olika typer av ändutrustning. Kraven har inkluderat metoder för att verifiera ordinarie användare, besökare och övrig utrustning. Dessutom fanns krav på att lösningen inte skulle påverka nuvarande produktionssystem nämnvärt samt vara redundant för att garantera kontinuerlig tillgänglighet. För att ta fram denna lösning utfördes laborationer i en miljö som motsvarar företagets produktionsmiljö. Lösningen som togs fram bygger i månt och mycket på befintliga komponenter i företagets datasystem. En radiusserver tar emot inloggningsförfrågningar från ändutrustning och verifierar mot katalogtjänsten. För att passa in i nuvarande system har FreeRADIUS använts för detta ändamål då funktionalitet finns för samarbete gentemot företagets befintliga katalogtjänst som är Novell eDirectory. Olika sorters användare och ändutrustning får sedan tillgång till rätt resurser dynamiskt beroende på deras förutbestämda rättigheter. / In today’s computer networks, the companies and organisations concerns of security mostly are about protecting the border between the internal and external networks. This can lead to neglecting the inside protection which creates opportunities for unauthorized usage of the companies resources. The company that this thesis discusses have a large computer network with protection needed on the inside as physical access to the network is hard to limit due to open environments. This thesis focuses on an implementation of the 802.1x standard at the above mentioned company. 802.1x make it possible to limit usage of the computer network based on the credentials delivered from the connected devices. The devices get validated on the physical port that they connect to the network through. The company requested a solution which included methods for authentication of different kinds of users and equipment. This could be regular users, visitors and other devices. Part from that there were demands of a minimal influence on the existing environment and redundancy to guarantee highest possible availability. To reach the solution, a test setup was implemented in an environment corresponding to the company’s production system. The final solution was mainly built on components already existing at company’s site. Authentication requests made by users or devices are passed to a radius server which in turn asks the directory service for authentication validation. FreeRADIUS have been the solution of choice for this as it fits the requirements to cooperate with the company’s already existing Novell eDirectory. The end users and devices then dynamically get access to appropriate resources based on their assigned rights.

La mesure précise de la fréquence de la transition 1S-3S de l'atome d'hydrogène est d'un grand intérêt pour l'énigme du rayon de charge du proton, qui a pour origine les résultats récents de la spectroscopie de l'hydrogène muonique. Nous excitons la transition à deux photons 1S-3S, dans un jet d'atomes d'hydrogène, à l'aide d'un laser continu à 205 nm obtenu par somme de fréquences dans un cristal non-linéaire. La fréquence de la transition est mesurée par rapport à l'horloge à césium du LNE-SYRTE à l'aide d'un peigne de fréquence. L'enregistrement du signal pour différentes valeurs d'un champ magnétique appliqué permet d'estimer la distribution de vitesse des atomes du jet et d'en déduire l'effet Doppler du deuxième ordre. Les autres effets systématiques qui déplacent la transition ont été pris en compte : interférence quantique, déplacement lumineux, collisions. Une étude systématique en fonction de la pression a permis de montrer que la distribution de vitesse ne dépend pas de la pression et de déterminer le déplacement collisionnel. Finalement, une valeur de la fréquence de transition 1S-3S est obtenue avec une incertitude d'environ 5 kHz, ou 1,7 10^-12 en valeur relative. Elle est en très bon accord avec la valeur recommandée par le CODATA. Cette nouvelle mesure contribue à la recherche autour de l'énigme du rayon du proton. / The precise measurement of the 1S-3S transition frequency of hydrogen could have a great impact on the proton charge radius puzzle, which results from the recent spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen. In our experiment, the two-photon 1S-3S transition is excited in a hydrogen atomic beam, with a continuous-wave 205-nm laser which is obtained by sum frequency generation in a non-linear crystal. The transition frequency is measured with respect to the LNE-SYRTE Cs clock by means of a frequency comb. Recording the signal for several values of an applied magnetic field allows to estimate the velocity distribution of the atoms in the beam and deduce the second-order Doppler shift. Other frequency-shifting systematic effects have been taken into account: cross-damping, light shift, collisions. A complete study has shown that the velocity distribution does not depend significantly on the pressure, and allowed to determine the collisional shift. Eventually, a value of the 1S-3S transition frequency is obtained with an uncertainty of about 5 kHz, or a relative uncertainty of 1.7 10^-12. It is in very good agreement with the CODATA recommended value. This new measurement contributes to the ongoing search to solve the proton radius puzzle.

Wavelike spiral asymmetries are an intriguing aspect of Tropical Cyclone dynamics. Previous work hypothesized that some of them are Vortex Rossby Waves propagating on the radial gradient of mean–flow relative vorticity. In the Intermittently Forced Vortex Rossby Wave theory, intermittent convection near the eyewall wind maximum excites them so that they propagate wave energy outward and converge angular momentum inward. The waves’ energy is absorbed as the perturbation vorticity becomes filamented near the outer critical radii where their Doppler–shifted frequencies and radial group velocities approaches zero. This process may initiate outer wind maxima by weakening the mean–flow just inward from the critical radius. The waves are confined to a relatively narrow annular waveguide because of their slow tangential phase velocity and the narrow interval between the Rossby wave cut–off frequency, where the radial wavenumber is locally zero, and the zero frequency, where it is locally infinite.

This thesis analyzes the wireless network security of the Internet service provider company Net-Connect s.r.o. It identifies its weak points and suggests measures that lead to the increase of the wireless network security.

The aim of this master´s thesis is the design, proposal and production of a functional jig for technological testing of metal sheet by bending in the pre-production stage to the limit bend radius of the steel sheet up to a thickness of 2 mm, or in case of non-ferrous metal to a thickness of 3 mm. The required bending angle is in the range from zero to ninety degrees. The functionality of the jig will be verified by a practical testing of springing. The proposal will be supported by technological and economic calculations and technical - economic evaluation.

Within this Ph.D. thesis, the optical thickness and particle effective radius of cirrus and deep convective clouds (DCCs) are retrieved using passive remote sensing techniques. For this purpose, airborne and satellite measurements of spectral solar radiation combined with extensive radiative transfer simulations have been conducted. Data analyzed in this study were collected during the ML-CIRRUS and the ACRIDICON-CHUVA campaigns, which aimed to study natural and contrail cirrus over Europe and DCCs over the Amazon rainforest using the German High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), respectively. During the campaigns, HALO was equipped with a comprehensive set of remote sensing and in situ instruments. In particular flights, closely collocated measurements with the overpasses of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard of the Aqua satellite were carried out. A cirrus located above liquid water clouds and a DCC topped by an anvil cirrus are investigated. In general, the research framework can be divided into four parts. In the first part, the spectral upward radiances measured by the Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation Measurement System (SMART)-Albedometer aboard of HALO are compared with those measured by the MODIS. In the second part, a radiance ratio retrieval assuming a vertically homogeneous cloud is applied to obtain the cloud optical thickness and particle effective radius based on the measurements of SMART-Albedometer and MODIS. Multiple near-infrared wavelengths with different absorption characteristics are utilized in the retrieval in order to study the vertical structure of cloud particle sizes. In the third part, the retrieved cloud properties are compared with those derived from the MODIS cloud products. For the cirrus case, the retrieved values of particle effective radius are further compared to in situ data measured by the Cloud Combination Probe (CCP). To allow this comparison, a vertical weighting method is applied. Although the comparison results in a good agreement, retrievals using this conventional technique only provide information on cloud particle sizes from the upper layers, even if spectral measurements have been employed. The retrieved particle effective radius represents a vertically weighted value, where the upper cloud layers are weighted at most. In the fourth part, an extended technique based on Bayesian optimal estimation has been developed to obtain the full vertical profile of particle effective radius. For this purpose, a parameterization assuming the shape of the vertical profile with respect to a vertical coordinate within the cloud is applied. The information content of SMART-Albedometer measurements is analyzed to identify wavelengths that bring the most information pertaining to each retrieval parameter. The new retrieval technique is applied to the cirrus case to infer the profile of particle effective radius as a function of optical thickness. The comparison between the retrieved and the in situ profiles shows a good agreement with a deviation of about 5 % at the cloud top and increases to values of up to 15 % at the cloud base. The new retrieval technique has shown excellent skill in improving the study of the vertical profile of cloud microphysical properties, which can be applied in the future generation of airborne and satellite retrievals based on the measurements of passive remote sensing.:1. Introduction 2. Definitions 3. Measurements 4. Comparison of upward radiance 5. Retrieval of cloud optical thickness and particle effective radius 6. Comparison of cloud optical thickness and particle effective radius 7. Retrieval of the vertical profile of particle effective radius 8. Summary and conclusion