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91	Investigating Rainwater Harvesting as a Stormwater Best Management Practice and as a Function of Irrigation Water Use Shannak, Sa'D Abdel-Halim 2010 December 1900 (has links) Stormwater runoff has negative impacts on water resources, human health and environment. In this research the effectiveness of Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) systems is examined as a stormwater Best Management Practice (BMP). Time-based, evapotranspiration-based, and soil moisture-based irrigation scheduling methods in conjunction with RWH and a control site without RWH were simulated to determine the effect of RWH as a BMP on a single-family residence scale. The effects of each irrigation scheduling method on minimizing water runoff leaving the plots and potable water input for irrigation were compared. The scenario that reflects urban development was simulated and compared to other RWH-irrigation scheduling systems by a control treatment without a RWH component. Four soil types (sand, sandy loam, loamy sand, silty clay) and four cistern sizes (208L, 416L, 624L, 833L) were evaluated in the urban development scenario. To achieve the purpose of this study; a model was developed to simulate daily water balance for the three treatments. Irrigation volumes and water runoff were compared for four soil types and four cistern sizes. Comparisons between total volumes of water runoff were estimated by utilizing different soil types, while comparisons between total potable water used for irrigation were estimated by utilizing different irrigation scheduling methods. This research showed that both Curve Number method and Mass-Balance method resulted in the greatest volumes of water runoff predicted for Silty Clay soil and the least volumes of water runoff predicted for Sand soil. Moreover, increasing cistern sizes resulted in reducing total water runoff and potable water used for irrigation, although not at a statistically significant level. Control treatment that does not utilize a cistern had the greatest volumes of predicted supplemental water among all soil types utilized, while Soil Moisture-based treatment on average had the least volume of predicted supplemental water. Rainwater harvesting Best Management Practices Cistern Irrigation Soil type Zoysia grass Landscape Stormwater Runoff Depletion Irrigation Scheduling Potable water Supplemental water Flood control Urbanization Curve Number Mass Balance Model Effectiveness Soil Moisture, Evapotranspiration Time Rainfall Soil depth Cistern size Turfgrass Simulation
92	Mateřská škola / Kindergarten Frieb, Vilém January 2022 (has links) The aim of this master project is to design a nearly zero-energy building of kindergarten. The kindergarten is designed as one storey building with capacity of 40 children split into two playrooms. Playrooms are separated and each of them has own sanitary facilities and locker room. Playrooms have large windows with external blinds on the south to provide solar gains. There is horizontal sun breaker above the windows which prevent overheating in summer. Load bearing walls are made of sand lime blocks. Walls are insulated with mineral wool board. Roof ceiling is made of prestressed concrete slabs. The building has a flat extensive green roof. The second task of the project includes design of lighting, rainwater harvesting, HVAC, source of heat and photovoltaic system. The third part is theoretical and includes searching for an ideal source of energy for the building. There are two types of heating compared such as gas boiler and a groundwater heating pump. The main software used for the project is Revit.
93	The feasibility of rainwater and stormwater harvesting within a winter rainfall climate context: a commercial building focus Viljoen, Nina Susara 18 November 2014 (has links) Cape Town, South Africa, falls within a winter rainfall region, making it difficult to assess the feasibility of rain- and stormwater harvesting. The reason for this is because the region’s high water demand period coincides with the low rainfall summer season, thereby limiting the availability of this alternative water resource when most needed. During this study, rainwater harvesting for toilet flushing purposes, collected from roof surfaces, was practically assessed by means of inserted flow meters at a pilot study site in Kommetjie, Cape Town. The combined and single system roof- and land surface runoff yields and savings of commercial buildings within the Kommetjie business area, were also theoretically assessed by making use of a mathematical roof- and land surface runoff model specifically developed during this study. The statistical testing of the hypotheses statements relating to the pre- and post-harvesting savings at the pilot study building, compared against the average actual municipal water usage, were performed. Hypotheses testing were also performed in order to compare the theoretical rain- and stormwater runoff yields for the commercial business area against the average actual municipal water consumption. The conclusions drawn from this study indicated that valuable potable water, as well as related financial savings, can be achieved within a winter rainfall region, thereby making rain- and stormwater harvesting a feasible option for commercial businesses in Cape Town. / Environmental Sciences / M.Sc. (Environmental Management) Below-surface reservoir Catchment surface Collection tank Electronic rain gauge Garden irrigation Measurement Non-potable uses Potable top-up system Rainwater harvesting Runoff model Stormwater channelling Stormwater harvesting Stormwater runoff Toilet demand Toilet flushing 333.91230968735
94	The feasibility of rainwater and stormwater harvesting within a winter rainfall climate context: a commercial building focus Viljoen, Nina Susara 18 November 2014 (has links) Cape Town, South Africa, falls within a winter rainfall region, making it difficult to assess the feasibility of rain- and stormwater harvesting. The reason for this is because the region’s high water demand period coincides with the low rainfall summer season, thereby limiting the availability of this alternative water resource when most needed. During this study, rainwater harvesting for toilet flushing purposes, collected from roof surfaces, was practically assessed by means of inserted flow meters at a pilot study site in Kommetjie, Cape Town. The combined and single system roof- and land surface runoff yields and savings of commercial buildings within the Kommetjie business area, were also theoretically assessed by making use of a mathematical roof- and land surface runoff model specifically developed during this study. The statistical testing of the hypotheses statements relating to the pre- and post-harvesting savings at the pilot study building, compared against the average actual municipal water usage, were performed. Hypotheses testing were also performed in order to compare the theoretical rain- and stormwater runoff yields for the commercial business area against the average actual municipal water consumption. The conclusions drawn from this study indicated that valuable potable water, as well as related financial savings, can be achieved within a winter rainfall region, thereby making rain- and stormwater harvesting a feasible option for commercial businesses in Cape Town. / Environmental Sciences / M.Sc. (Environmental Management) Below-surface reservoir Catchment surface Collection tank Electronic rain gauge Garden irrigation Measurement Non-potable uses Potable top-up system Rainwater harvesting Runoff model Stormwater channelling Stormwater harvesting Stormwater runoff Toilet demand Toilet flushing 333.91230968735

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