Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Various design guidelines have been published over the past four decades to calculate the minimum submergence required at pump intakes to prevent vortex formation. These design guidelines also require the suction bell to be located not higher than 0.5 times the suction bell diameter (D) above the floor. Sand trap canals are an integral part of large river abstraction works, with the pump intakes located at the end of the sand trap canals. The canals need to be flushed by opening a gate, typically 1.5 m high, that is located downstream of the pump intake. This requires the suction bell be raised to not interfere with the flushing operation, which leads to the question – what impact does the raising of the suction bell have on the minimum required submergence? A physical hydraulic model constructed at 1:10 scale was used to determine the submergence required to prevent types 2, 5 and 6 vortices for prototype suction bell inlet velocities ranging from 0.9 m/s to 2.4 m/s, and for suction bells located at 0.5D, 1.0D and 1.5D above the floor. The tests were undertaken for four suction bell configurations with a conventional flat bottom suction bell, fitted with a long radius bend, being the preferred suction bell configuration in terms of the lowest required submergence levels. The experimental test results of the preferred suction bell configuration were compared against the published design guidelines to determine which published formula best represents the experimental test results for raised pump intakes. It became evident from the experimental test results that the required submergence increased markedly when the suction bell was raised higher than a certain level above the floor. It was concluded that this “discontinuity” in the required submergence occurred for all the suction bell configuration types when the ratio between the prototype bell inlet velocity and the approach canal velocity was approximately 6.0 or higher. It is recommended that, for pump intakes with a similar geometry to that tested with the physical hydraulic model, critical submergence is calculated using the equation published by Knauss (1987), i.e. S = D(0.5 + 2.0Fr), if the prototype bell inlet velocity/approach canal velocity ratio is less than 6.0, and that the equation published by the Hydraulic Institute (1998), i.e. S = D(1 + 2.3Fr), can be used where the ratio, as determined with Knauss’ (1987) equation, exceeds 6.0. It is also recommended that prototype bell inlet velocities be limited to 1.5 m/s. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oor die afgelope vier dekades is verskeie ontwerpriglyne vir die berekening van minimum watervlakke, om werwelvorming by pompinlate te voorkom, gepubliseer. Hierdie ontwerpriglyne vereis dat die klokmond van die pompinlaat nie hoër as 0.5 keer die deursnee van die klokmond (D) bokant die kanaalvloer geleë moet wees nie. Sandvang kanale vorm ‘n integrale deel van groot riveronttrekkingswerke, met pompinlate wat aan die einde van hierdie kanale geleë is. Die kanale word aan die stroomaf kant van die pompinlaat voorsien met sluise sodat die kanale gespoel kan word. Hierdie sluise is tipies 1.5 m hoog. Dit is derhalwe nodig om die hoogte onder die klokmond dieselfde te maak as die hoogte van die sluis sodat die klokmond die spoelwerking nie beïnvloed nie. Die vraag is egter – wat is die impak op die minimum vereiste watervlakke indien die klokmond op ‘n hoër vlak installeer word? ‘n Fisiese hidrouliese model met ‘n 1:10 skaal is gebruik om die minimum watervlakke te bepaal waar tipes 2, 5 en 6 werwels aangetref word vir prototipe inlaatsnelhede van 0.9 m/s tot 2.4 m/s en klokmond hoogtes van 0.5D, 1.0D en 1.5D bokant die kanaalvloer. Vier klokmond konfigurasies is getoets. Die minimum vereiste watervlakke was die laagste vir die tradisionele plat klokmond met ‘n lang radius buigstuk en was dus die voorkeur klokmond. Die eksperimenttoetsresultate vir die voorkeur klokmond is met die gepubliseerde ontwerpriglyne vergelyk om te bepaal watter van die ontwerpsriglyne van toepassing sal wees vir verhoogde klokmond installasies. Uit die eksperimenttoetsresultate is dit duidelik dat die vereiste watervlakke skielik verhoog sodra die klokmond installasie ‘n seker hoogte bokant die kanaal vloer oorskry. Daar is bevind dat hierdie verskynsel by al vier klokmond konfigurasies voorkom sodra die verhouding tussen die prototipe klokmond inlaatsnelheid teenoor die snelheid in die kanaal hoër as 6.0 is. Daar word aanbeveel dat die minimum vereiste watervlak vir pompinlate met dieselfde geometrie as die fisiese model, met Knauss (1987) se vergelyking bereken word, naamlik S = D(0.5 + 2.0Fr), waar die snelheidsverhouding tussen die klokmond en kanaal 6.0 nie oorskry nie, en dat die vergelyking gepubliseer deur die Hydraulic Institute (1998), S = D(1 + 2.3Fr), gebruik word waar die snelheidsverhouding 6.0, so bereken met Knauss (1987) ser vergelyking, wel oorskry. Die prototipe klokmond inlaatsnelheid moet ook beperk word tot 1.5 m/s.

Extremamente conhecida, a obra de José Saramago é comumente lida por certos vieses: às vezes em seu caráter social (quando não sociológico) que aproxima seus textos de uma perspectiva marxista, utópica ou empenhada, relegando suas qualidades literárias em segundo plano; outras em seu caráter imanentista, que avalia os processos de composição interna e/ou artifícios de que se vale o escritor, quando não seu caráter intertextual, intratextual ou em comparação a outros textos e escritores; por fim, há a tentativa de pensar sua obra como um conjunto gradual em construção, um sistema processual que apresenta a cada novo texto um elemento em crescimento, como se sua escrita fosse evolutiva. Filiados a uma corrente teórica literária que busca pensar a produção escrita, nosso intuito é a de pensar a obra de Saramago dando valor a seus elementos intrínsecos, sem nos esquecermos de suas relações sociais, engajadas e (inter)textuais. A partir dessa problematização inicial, nos propomos a apresentar uma ideia do que seja literário em seu imbricamento social, mimético e ficcional para, a partir desse viés, avaliar a ligação da obra em análise com o social através do conceito de épistémè. A isso acresceremos uma leitura de como esses dois elementos se juntam ao mito para formar um todo coeso e significativo. A fim de delimitar o objeto da pesquisa, a parte central de nossas análises se divide em três seções: a primeira analisa Levantado do chão, em cujas linhas temos a mescla de uma configuração míticoliterária ao engajamento social marxista, a segunda aprecia O evangelho segundo Jesus Cristo, que pensa a releitura mítica da figura de Cristo em forma trágica e, por fim, a terceira seção analisa Caim, romance de linhas abertas a tal ponto que possibilita uma flutuação de leituras. Por meio das reflexões alcançadas, intentamos fornecer um solo concreto para a exploração de uma hipótese: que a literatura saramaguiana privilegia a produção de uma épistémè ficcional, elemento básico para compreensão de seu projeto enquanto fenômeno literário, social e, ainda, (inter)textual. / Extremely well-known, José Saramago\'s work is still read only by certain slants: sometimes in its social (if not sociological) character that approaches its texts from a Marxist, utopian or committed perspective, relegating its literary qualities to the background; others in its immanentist character, that assesses the processes of internal composition and/or artifices of which the writer is worth, if not its intertextual, intratextual character or in comparison to other texts and writers; Finally, there is the attempt to think his work as a gradual set in construction, a processual system that presents in each new text a growing element, as if its writing were evolutionary. Affiliated to a literary theoretical chain that seeks to think about written production, our intention is to think of Saramago\'s work giving value to its intrinsic elements, without forgetting its social relations, engaged and (inter) textual. From this initial discuss, we propose to present an idea of what is literary in its social, mimetic and fictional imbrication to, from this bias, to evaluate the connection of the work in analysis with the social through the concept of épistémè. It is added on this, a reading that seeks how these two elements join the myth to form a cohesive and meaningful whole. In order to delimit the object of the research, the central part of our analysis is divided into three sections: the first analyzes \"Raised from the ground\", in whose lines we have the merge of a mythical-literary configuration to Marxist social engagement, the second refer to \"The gospel according to Jesus Christ\", that carries througth a mythical re-reading of the Christ´s figure in a tragic way, and finally the third section analyzes Cain, a novel with open lines to such an extent that it allows a fluctuation of readings. Through the reflections achieved, we try to provide a concrete ground for the exploration of a hypothesis: that the Saramaguian literature favors the production of a fictional epistemic, a basic element for understanding its project as a literary, social, and (inter)textual phenomenon.

<p>The increasing data rates in digital television networks increase the demands on data capacity of the current transmission channels. Through new standards, the capacity of exisiting channels is increased with new methods of error correction coding and modulation.</p><p>This thesis presents the design and implementation of a modulator for transmission of digital terrestrial television according to the Chinese DTMB standard.</p><p>The system is written in VHDL and is intended for implementation on an FPGA.</p>

The increasing data rates in digital television networks increase the demands on data capacity of the current transmission channels. Through new standards, the capacity of exisiting channels is increased with new methods of error correction coding and modulation. This thesis presents the design and implementation of a modulator for transmission of digital terrestrial television according to the Chinese DTMB standard. The system is written in VHDL and is intended for implementation on an FPGA.

PURPOSE. Gait during obstacle negotiation is adapted in visually normal subjects whose vision is temporarily and unilaterally blurred or occluded. This study was conducted to examine whether gait parameters in individuals with long-standing deficient stereopsis are similarly adapted. METHODS. Twelve visually normal subjects and 16 individuals with deficient stereopsis due to amblyopia and/or its associated conditions negotiated floor-based obstacles of different heights (7-22 cm). Trials were conducted during binocular viewing and monocular occlusion. Analyses focused on foot placement before the obstacle and toe clearance over it. RESULTS. Across all viewing conditions, there were significant group-by-obstacle height interactions for toe clearance (P < 0.001), walking velocity (P = 0.003), and penultimate step length (P = 0.022). Toe clearance decreased (similar to 0.7 cm) with increasing obstacle height in visually normal subjects, but it increased (similar to 1.5 cm) with increasing obstacle height in the stereo-deficient group. Walking velocity and penultimate step length decreased with increasing obstacle height in both groups, but the reduction was more pronounced in stereo-deficient individuals. Post hoc analyses indicated group differences in toe clearance and penultimate step length when negotiating the highest obstacle (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS. Occlusion of either eye caused significant and similar gait changes in both groups, suggesting that in stereo-deficient individuals, as in visually normal subjects, both eyes contribute usefully to the execution of adaptive gait. Under monocular and binocular viewing, obstacle-crossing performance in stereo-deficient individuals was more cautious when compared with that of visually normal subjects, but this difference became evident only when the subjects were negotiating higher obstacles; suggesting that such individuals may be at greater risk of tripping or falling during everyday locomotion. / RCUK (Research Councils, UK)

Graduate

Among the barriers to obtain satisfactory levels in grain yield of irrigated rice, it is highlighted weed resistance. Crop rotation with corn could be a good alternative to reduces seedbank, improves nutrient cycling and breaks the cycle of pathogens and pests.However, this crop presents difficulty to adapt in Planossolo, due presence of a compacted layer, water excess, and water deficit. The objectives of this study were to evaluate corn tillage systems in irrigated rice fields. The experiments was conducted in field conditions, in Planossolos of central region of the Rio Grande do Sul State during 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons. The first experiment was conducted in order to evaluate sowing using shanks, sowing using double disks and sowing using notched disks on soil physics and corn growing, across different locations, Santa Maria and Formigueiro. In the second experiment it was evaluated soil physical parameters on different tillage systems deep tillage, conventional and no-till with raised bed and no-raised bed in two seasons. In both experiments, was evaluated soil physical parameters and explanatory variables in corn. It was observed satisfactory results in soil physical properties for the systems with more soil mobilization.The treatments with lower soil penetration resistance, airspace and macroporosity higher in the root system region produced higher grain yield. Deep tillage, no-till with sowing using shank and sowing with raised bed are the best alternatives to corn sowing in Planossos in irrigated rice fields / Dentre os entraves para obtenção de níveis satisfatórios na produtividade de grãos na cultura do arroz irrigado, destaca-se a resistência de plantas daninhas. A cultura do milho pode ser uma boa alternativa na redução do banco de sementes, além da reciclagem de nutrientes, quebra do ciclo de patógenos e insetos-praga. Porém, a cultura apresenta dificuldades em adaptar-se às condições dos Planossolos, devido à elevada densidade, baixa permeabilidade, reduzida declividade e baixa aeração. Assim, avaliou-se sistemas de implantação para a cultura do milho em Planossolos cultivados com arroz irrigado com o objetivo de proporcionar melhores condições ao desenvolvimento da planta. Conduziram-se experimentos em condições de campo, em Planossolos da região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, nas safras agrícolas 2013/14 e 2014/15. O primeiro experimento foi conduzido a fim de avaliar a utilização dos mecanismos haste sulcadora, disco duplo e disco ondulado como sulcadores de deposição de fertilizante na semeadora nos atributos físicos do solo e o desenvolvimento de plantas de milho, nos munícipios Santa Maria e Formigueiro. No segundo experimento avaliou-se manejos do solo com escarificação, preparo convencional, semeadura direta, com e sem microcamalhão, em duas safras agrícolas. Avaliou-se a densidade, porosidade, macroporosidade e espaçdo solo, resistência do solo à penetração mecânica (RP), distribuição do sistema radicular, massa seca, estatura, área foliar e produtividade de grãos de milho. Com relação a produtividade de grãos, os tratamentos com menor RP, maior espaço aéreo e macroporosidade na região do sistema radicular corresponderam a maior produtividade de grãos. A escarificação do solo, semeadura direta com haste sulcadora e semeadura sobre microcamalhão são as melhores alternativas para a semeadura do milho em Planossolos do Rio Grande do Sul.

No description available.

In this report mark-recapture data are analyzed with the use of weighted log-linear models, mosaics, and computer drawings of fish. The data are from salmon hatcheries, subsequent returns to the hatcheries and commercial catches of salmon. The log-linear models were used to study the effects of several variables on catches and returns. It is shown that these variables may have opposite effects depending on the brood year of the fish, that hatchery returns and commercial catches do not respond in the same way to the variables, and that more research is needed to determine the causes of the brood year differences. The mosaics and fish drawings were used to study the migration of the salmon in the ocean. The results confirm that chinook salmon decrease their food intake during the return trip to the hatchery, and they are consistent with theories of ocean migration of other species of salmon. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

The beginning of the new millennium finds documentary theatre serving as teacher and “healer” to those suffering and in need. By providing a thought provoking awareness of the “other,” it offers a unique lens with which to examine the socio-political similarities and differences between various cultures and ethnicities in order to promote intercultural understanding. Documentary is also used by teachers, therapists, and researchers as a tool for healing. By sharing personal stories of trauma and illness with others who are experiencing similar difficulties, emotional pains are alleviated and fears are assuaged. Documentary theatre has expanded in definition from the “epic dramas” of German playwrights Erwin Piscator and Bertholt Brecht during the height of the German Weimar Republic to the recent “verbatim” scripts of playwrights such as Anna Deveare Smith, Emily Mann, and Robin Soans. The dramaturgical duties of the playwright along with the participatory role of the audience have grown in complexity. In verbatim documentary the playwright must straddle a fine line between educating and entertaining while remaining faithful to the words of the respondents as well as to the context in which they were received. The audience, by responding to questionnaires and by engaging in talk-back sessions, plays a pivotal role in production. Documentary serves as an important vehicle for informing and inspiring audiences from all walks of life. In 2010, researchers Dr. Patricia Liehr of the Christine E. Lynn School of Nursing at Florida Atlantic University and Dr. Ryutaro Takahashi, Vice Director of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, approached me to create a documentary based on their combined interviews of Pearl Harbor and Hiroshima survivors. The resultant script, With Their Voices Raised, is included as an appendix to this dissertation as an example of the documentary genre and its unique capacity for research dissemination. With Their Voices Raised not only conveys the memories and fears of the survivors, but in its conclusion reveals how these victims of war have elected to live their lives in a quest for peace- choosing “hope over hate” in a shared world / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection