Global ETD Search

51	Mikrovlnné modulátory na bázi sixportů / Microwave Modulators Based on Sixports Dušek, Martin January 2018 (has links) This doctoral thesis is focused on problems of modulators based on six-ports. It begins with description of current state of the art of six-ports used like modulators, their transfer functions and SIW technology. A design part of this thesis consists from experimental six-port based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. There is presented step-by-step development of this six-port using this technology and also there is introduced micro-strip technology based six-port. Final design of six-ports and variable impedances were measured, the results are discussed and compared with expected ones in next chapters. Second part of this thesis deals with influences of internal parameters of six-ports to final signal transmission and derives theirs transfer functions for more than one reflection in structure. The computation results are compared with experimental measurements for fixed loads. With using of ideal loads sweeps, modulations with shaped input signals were calculated. For designed variables impedances, there was founded the optimal biasing points for demanded IQ diagram and discussed which from tested active circuit is suitable. In the last part there are shown results of experiment with these variable loads connected to both types of designed six-ports.
52	Histoire et écologie des complexes de champs surélevés dans les savanes côtières de Guyane française / History and Ecology ofraised-field complexes of the coastal savannas of French Guiana Renard, Delphine 15 December 2010 (has links) L'Amazonie a connu une longue histoire d'occupation humaine. La nature et l'échelle de l'impact des populations d'Amérindiens précolombiens sur leur environnement sont encore largement débattues. Dans une approche pluridisciplinaire, la thèse vise 1) à améliorer les estimations de l'étendue des remaniements anciens des paysages par l'Homme et 2) à comprendre comment ces remaniements affectent la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes contemporains par l'étude des complexes de champs surélevés précolombiens des savanes côtières de Guyane française. Pour la mise en place d'une agriculture intensive sédentaire, les agriculteurs précolombiens ont transformé ces savanes saisonnièrement inondées en édifiant des champs sous la forme de buttes de terre circulaires produisant une hétérogénéité topographique marquée et organisée. Pour répondre au premier objectif, nous avons développé deux approches permettant de distinguer les paysages de buttes d'origine anthropique de ceux, dont la physionomie est très proche, résultant de processus naturels. Pour répondre au second objectif, nous avons décrit comment la structure des communautés d'ingénieurs naturels d'écosystèmes (fourmis, termites, vers de terre et plantes) répond à l'hétérogénéité induite par l'Homme, et comment les activités de ces ingénieurs assurent l'auto-entretien des anciens champs contre l'érosion depuis leur abandon il y a environ 800 ans. Notre travail révèle que l'étude de la dynamique temporelle de la végétation permet d'inférer l'origine des complexes de buttes uniquement lorsqu'elle combine différents proxys. L'analyse de la structure spatiale des buttes montre que les complexes de buttes de Guyane présentent une orientation souvent en grille carrée, orientation qui n'a jamais été montrée ni prédite pour des paysages d'origine naturel, indiquant que la géométrie du paysage peut porter la signature de l'intervention de l'Homme. Depuis l'abandon des champs surélevés, les communautés d'ingénieurs naturels se structurent, et concentrent leurs activités, dans les buttes. Nous avons montré que ces activités contribuent à maintenir des habitats surélevés contre l'érosion mais que les rétroactions qu'ils conduisent sur le sol sont modulées par les conditions initiales du milieu. Le paysage observé actuellement dans les savanes de Guyane n'est ni entièrement façonné par l'Homme, ni entièrement naturel mais résulte de l'interaction complexe entre les composantes physiques et biotiques et de l'héritage des activités anciennes de l'Homme. Le résultat de ces interactions est reflété par une mosaïque de buttes plus ou moins érodées. Notre travail représente la première étude montrant l'impact à long terme des activités anciennes de l'Homme sur les écosystèmes de savanes en Amazonie. Nos résultats présentent des applications importantes dans le domaine de l'ingénierie écologique pour la conception de nouveaux agroécosystèmes durables. / Amazonia has a long history of human occupation. The nature and scale of the impact of pre-Columbian humans on their environment are still hotly debated. In a pluridisciplinary approach, this thesis aims 1) to improve estimations of the scale of ancient landscape transformations by humans and 2) to understand how these transformations influence the structure and the functioning of contemporary ecosystems, by studying the particular exemple of pre-Columbian raised-field complexes in coastal savannas of French Guiana. To conduct sedentary intensive agriculture, pre-Columbian farmers transformed these seasonally flooded savannas by building raised fieldsin the form of circular moundscreating a marked and organized topographic heterogeneity. To accomplish the first objective, we developed two approaches to distinguish anthropogenic mound-field landscapes from others, of similar physiognomy, resulting from natural processes. To accomplish the second objective, we described how the structure of the community of natural ecosystem engineers (ants, termites, earthworms and plants) is influenced by human-induced heterogeneity, and how feedbacks generated by these engineers can lead to self-organized maintenance of the ancient fields against erosion since their abandonment around 800 years ago. Our work reveals that the study of the temporal dynamics of vegetation can be used to infer the origin of mound complexes only when it combines different proxies. The analysis of spatial structure of mounds shows that mound complexes of Guiana are strongly oriented, often in a square lattice, an orientation that has been neither demonstrated nor predicted for natural landscapes, indicating that landscape geometry bears a diagnostic signature of human activities. Ever since raised fields were abandoned, the community of natural engineers is structured, and its activities are concentrated, on mounds. We showed that these activities cont ribute to maintaining these raised features against erosion, but that the effectiveness of engineer-feedbacks on soil in countering erosion are modulated by initial conditions of the environment. The current landscapes of French Guianan savannas are neither solely modeled by humans nor entirely natural, but result from the complex interaction between physical and biotic components and from the legacies of past human land use. The result of these interactions is reflected in a mosaic of more or less eroded mounds. Our work represents the first study showing the long-term impact of ancient human activities on Amazonian savanna ecosystems. Our results can have important applications in the framework of ecological engineering to conceptualize new durable agroecosystems. Ecologie historique Héritage écologique Agriculture sur champs surélevés Paysages de buttes Ingénierie écologique Guyane française Historical ecology Land-use legacies Raised-field agriculture Mound-field landscapes Ecological engineering French Guiana
53	Vliv chodu počasí na ekonomiku chovu skotu v podhorských oblastech SVOBODA, Pavel January 2016 (has links) This thesis is focused on assessing the impact of weather changes on the performance and economics of grazing cattle in the border areas of south Bohemia. The aim of the study was to compare the progress of meteorological parameters observed in three years and put them into the context of the economy of livestock production. In the actual experimental part I focused on the search and processing of data for calculation of economic indicators and processing of meteorological data that provided me with the department of landscape management.
54	Faciès, architectures stratigraphiques et dynamiques sédimentaires en contexte de régression forcée glacio-isostatique : la réponse pro- à paraglaciaire des complexes deltaïques de la Côte Nord de l'Estuaire et du Golf du Saint-Laurent (Québec, Canada) / Faciès, stratigraphic architecture and sedimentary dynamics in glacio-isostatically forced-regression : the pro- to paraglacial response of the deltaic complexes of the North Shore of the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf (Québec, Canada) Dietrich, Pierre 01 December 2015 (has links) La Côte Nord de l’Estuaire et du Golfe du St. Laurent (Québec, Canada) est caractérisée par une série de complexes deltaïques mis en place en contexte de chute de Niveau Marin Relatif (NMR) forcée par le rebond glacio-isostatique, lors du retrait des marges de l’Inlandsis Laurentidien. L’étude de trois complexes deltaïques montre qu’un motif d’évolution morphostratigraphique contrôlé par le retrait des marges glaciaires prévalait au premier ordre. Le premier stade de sédimentation se caractérise par la mise en place de cônes d’épandage juxtaglaciaires sous-aquatiques. Leur localisation au front de la marge glaciaire fait que la répartition spatiale des corps sédimentaires montre localement un empilement en rétrogradation. Dès l’émergence d’un front glaciaire continental, des deltas proglaciaires se développent en contexte de chute de NMR, formant des lobes dont l’altitude décroît vers le bassin. Ces derniers sont initialement associés à un système fluviatile en tresse alimenté en sédiments glaciogéniques par les marges glaciaires en retrait. Malgré des taux de chute de NMR de plusieurs cm/an, aucune incision fluviatile n’est observée à ce stade et la dynamique de transfert est prédominante du fait des forts taux d’apports sédimentaires. Plus tard, à la suite du retrait des marges glaciaires hors des bassins versants, le remaniement paraglaciaire se développe du fait de la réduction drastique des apports en eaux et sédiments. Le système fluviatile, devenu méandriforme, s’encaisse dans les anciens dépôts deltaïques maintenant inactifs et les bordures de deltas sont remaniées par les processus littoraux (plages soulevées, terrasses marines). Cette étude révèle que la majorité du volume de ces complexes deltaïques (10-20 km3) est mis en place en quelques milliers d’années seulement, immédiatement après la déglaciation ; le remaniement paraglaciaire n’ayant contribué à l’accrétion deltaïque que très marginalement. La modélisation numérique (Dionisos) valide les différents forçages identifiés par l’analyse morphosédimentaire. Une synthèse des complexes deltaïques à l’échelle de toute la Côte Nord du St. Laurent a permis de catégoriser 21 complexes deltaïques en 4 scénarios d’évolution morphosédimentaire, directement liés à la dynamique de retrait de la marge glaciaire. Leur décryptage offre une clef de lecture originale pour l’historique du retrait des marges glaciaires de l’Inlandsis Laurentidien sur la période 12-7.5 ka cal BP. / The North Shore of the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf is characterized by the presence of deltaic complexes that were emplaced under falling Relative Sea Level (RSL) forced by the glacio-isostatic rebound, immediately after the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) margin. The study of three deltaic complexes reveals that a common morphostratigraphic evolution forced by the retreat of the LIS prevailed for the edification of these structures, reflecting the retreat of the LIS margin. The emplacement of subaqueous outwash fans beyond the retreating or stillstanding glaciomarine margin constitutes the first stage of this evolution. As tied to the ice-margin position, these fans are characterized in places by a backstepping stacking pattern, in spite of the forced regressive setting. From the emergence of a continental ice front, the proglacial deltaic system develops and forms lobes staged accordingly to the RSL fall. These deltaic systems actively prograde at that time because they are fed in glaciogenics by the retreating LIS margin through braided meltwater streams. In spite of the RSL fall reaching several centimeters per years, no fluvial entrenchment occurs mainly owing to the significant amount of sediment supply. Later, when the LIS margin retreats from the drainage basins of feeding rivers, fluvial systems experience a drastic drop in sediment supply that forced the interruption of the deltaic progradation and the onset of paraglacial reworking. The paraglacial reworking consists in the entrenchment of a meandering fluvial system within former deltaic deposits and shows the prevalence of shallow-marine processes (waves, tides) at the delta rim (raised beaches, marine terraces). This study reveals that the bulk of the deltaic volume (c.a. 10-20 km3) for each complex was emplaced in only a few thousands of years following the LIS margin retreat when the latter was still located in the drainage basin. The paraglacial reworking had a minor influence on the deltaic accretion. A forward stratigraphic model (Dionisos) is used to validate the variety of forcing as understood from the sedimentary analysis. A synthesis including 21 deltaic complexes of the St. Lawrence North Shore allowed the establishment of a fourfold categorization. This scheme of deltaic evolution was used in order to refine the position of the LIS margin retreating upland for a period ranging from 12 to 7.5 ka cal BP. Déglaciation, Delta, Épandage juxtaglaciaire Plages soulevées Rebond glacio-isostatique Cortège de régression forcée Côte Nord du St. Laurent Inlandsis Laurentidien Deglaciation, Delta Outwash fan Raised beaches Glacio-isostatic rebound Falling-Stage System Tract St. Lawrence North Shore Laurentide Ice Sheet 551.31
55	Analyzing the Need for Nonprofits in the Housing Sector: A Predictive Model Based on Location Oerther, Catie 03 August 2023 (has links) No description available. Computer Science Operations Research Business Administration Social Work Geography Management nonprofit organizations success machine learning KNN K-nearest neighbors algorithm Python Cost Per Dollar Raised CPDR mission statement needs assessment location analysis homelessness nonprofit housing
56	Víceúčelový objekt v Pardubicích / The multipurpose building in Pardubice Tunková, Eliška January 2019 (has links) The topic of my diploma thesis is a design of a construction of a multipurpose building. The floor plan is of irregular shape with a maximal span of 35 metres. There are two buildings in shape of a hexagon, to which another building in shape of a half of a hexagon is connected. Part of the building is designed as a two-storey building and all parts are different in height. The hight of the designed building in its highest point is 13,5 metres. The load-bearing structure consists of glued laminated wood elements and raised wood with steel elements used as fasteners. The construction is designed alternatively from wood and steel. The static solution was made using the RFEM software.
57	Deep anthropogenic topsoils in Scotland : a geoarchaeological and historical investigation into distribution, character and conservation under modern land cover McKenzie, Joanne T. January 2006 (has links) Deep anthropogenic topsoils – those augmented through long-term additions of mineral bulk among fertilising agents – retain in both their physical and chemical make-up significant indicators for cultural activity. This project researched the geographical distribution and historical context of deep anthropogenic topsoils in Scotland and the Isles, and used this information to investigate the impact of current land cover upon the cultural information they retain. In so doing, the project investigated the potential for conservation of this significant cultural resource. A review of the historical information available on agricultural and manuring practices for Scotland identified several factors likely to affect deep topsoil distribution and frequency. These were: the availability of bulk manures to Scottish farmers, the significance of the seaweed resource in determining fertiliser strategies in coastal areas, and the influence of urban settlement and associated patterns of domestic and industrial waste disposal on the location of deep topsoils. Evidence for widespread deep topsoil development was limited. The primary data source used – the First Statistical Account of Scotland – was manipulated into a spatial database in ArcView GIS, to which geographical data from the Soil Survey of Scotland and national archaeological survey databases were added. This was used to devise a survey programme aiming both to investigate the potential factors affecting soil development listed above, and to locate deep topsoil sites for analysis. Three sites were identified with deep topsoils under different cover types (woodland, arable and pasture). The urban-influenced context of two of these highlighted the significance of urban settlement to the location of Scottish deep topsoils. Analysis of pH, organic matter, and total phosphorus content showed a correlation between raised organic matter and a corresponding increase in phosphorus content in soils under permanent vegetation. By contrast, soils under arable cultivation showed no such rise. This was attributed to the action of cropping in removing modern organic inputs prior to down-profile cycling. The potential for pasture and woodland cover to affect relict soil signatures was therefore observed. Thin section analysis aimed to both provide micromorphological characterisation of the three deep topsoil sites and investigate the effect of modern land cover on micromorphological indicators. Distinctive differences in micromorphological character were observed between the rural and urban deep topsoils, with the latter showing a strong focus on carbonised fuel residues and industrial wastes. All sites showed a highly individual micromorphological character, reflective of localised fertilising systems. There was no correlation between land cover type and survival of material indictors for anthropogenic activity, with soil cultural indicators surviving well, particularly those characteristic of urban-influenced topsoils. Suggestions for preservation strategies for this potentially rare and highly localised cultural resource included the incorporation of deep anthropogenic topsoil conservation into current government policy relating to care of the rural historic environment, and the improvement of data on the resource through ongoing survey and excavation. 631.49411
58	Multispectral imaging of Sphagnum canopies: measuring the spectral response of three indicator species to a fluctuating water table at Burns Bog Elves, Andrew 02 May 2022 (has links) Northern Canadian peatlands contain vast deposits of carbon. It is with growing urgency that we seek a better understanding of their assimilative capacity. Assimilative capacity and peat accumulation in raised bogs are linked to primary productivity of resident Sphagnum species. Understanding moisture-mediated photosynthesis of Sphagnum spp. is central to understanding peat production rates. The relationship between depth to water table fluctuation and spectral reflectance of Sphagnum moss was investigated using multispectral imaging at a recovering raised bog on the southwest coast of British Columbia, Canada. Burns Bog is a temperate oceanic ombrotrophic bog. Three ecohydrological indicator species of moss were chosen for monitoring: S. capillifolium, S. papillosum, and S. cuspidatum. Three spectral vegetation indices (SVIs) were used to characterize Sphagnum productivity: the normalized difference vegetation index 660, the chlorophyll index, and the photochemical reflectance index. In terms of spectral sensitivity and the appropriateness of SVIs to species and field setting, we found better performance for the normalized difference vegetation index 660 in the discrimination of moisture mediated species-specific reflectance signals. The role that spatiotemporal scale and spectral mixing can have on reflectance signal fidelity was tested. We were specifically interested in the relationship between changes in the local water table and Sphagnum reflectance response, and whether shifting between close spatial scales can affect the statistical strength of this relationship. We found a loss of statistical significance when shifting from the species-specific cm2 scale to the spectrally mixed dm2 scale. This spatiospectral uncoupling of the moisture mediated reflectance signal has implications for the accuracy and reliability of upscaling from plot based measurements. In terms of species-specific moisture mediated reflectance signals, we were able to effectively discriminate between the three indicator species of Sphagnum along the hummock-to-hollow gradient. We were also able to confirm Sphagnum productivity and growth outside of the vascular growing season, establishing clear patterns of reflectance correlated with changes in the local moisture regime. The strongest relationships for moisture mediated Sphagnum productivity were found in the hummock forming species S. capillifolium. Each indicator Sphagnum spp. of peat has distinct functional traits adapted to its preferred position along the ecohydrological gradient. We also discovered moisture mediated and species-specific reflectance phenologies. These phenospectral characteristics of Sphagnum can inform future monitoring work, including the creation of a regionally specific phenospectral library. It’s recommended that further close scale multispectral monitoring be carried out incorporating more species of moss, as well as invasive and upland species of concern. Pervasive vascular reflectance bias in remote sensing products has implications for the reliability of peatland modelling. Avoiding vascular bias, targeted spectral monitoring of Sphagnum indicator species provides a more reliable measure for the modelling of peatland productivity and carbon assimilation estimates. / Graduate peatland peatland restoration peatland monitoring peatland modelling peat peat moss multispectral multispectral imaging multicamera array multitemporal multiple linear regression linear mixed effects Sphagnum sphagna Sphagnum capillifolium Sphagnum papillosum Sphagnum cuspidatum spatiospectral uncoupling near-sensing remote sensing phenospectral phenology phenologies phenospectral bias phenospectral libraries carbon assimilation carbon dioxide carbon dynamics carbon emissions carbon geographies carbon mineralization carbon sequestration carbon source carbon sink carbon storage irrecoverable carbon climate forcing methane Ecological Restoration restoration ecology ecohydrology ecohydrological restoration hydrology ecohydrological gradients ecological integrity reflectance nature based solutions ombrotrophic moss raised peatland mires mires photochemical reflectance index normalized difference vegetation index chlorophyll index climate change climate forcing climate envelope climatope nonvascular vascular bias plant functional type plant functional types structure equation models spectral vegetation indices hummock hollow acrotelm catotelm diplotelmic biocrusts organic soil periodicity moisture deficit senescence rejuvenescence productivity photosynthesis light use efficiency photosynthetic function photosynthetically active radiation water table hydrology rewetting depth to water table landscape change landscape degradation peat subsidence Burns Bog

Search results