Kitchen waste is the certain man-made trash in our daily life. It is mainly the water and oil, which is easy to decompose. In Taiwan, there is about 20,000 metric tons of family rubbish everyday, and approximately 20% to 30% of the rubbish is organic substance. Moreover, kitchen waste has a significant contribution on the total amount of rubbish. Thus, reduction and recycling of kitchen waste becomes an important issue, and it needs to be solved immediately. According to the article of Water Pollutant Prevention Act revised by Environmental Protection Bureau on 26 April 2000, wastewater discharges from apartment buildings need to be treated to meet the discharge standards. Furthermore, the discharge standards will be even more stringent in the near future. Kitchen wastewater includes liquids of kitchen rubbish, liquid of waste oil, and wastewater from grinding machines for food waste crushing. If all of the above polluting wastewater is discharged directly to the sewer system, the cost for sewer system maintenance would be huge. To protect the ecosystem and to minimize the cost of sewer system maintenance, kitchen waste and its wastewater need to be effectively treated. In this study, a kitchen waste treatment system is designed and constructed. This system is able to treat kitchen wastewater efficiently and effectively. Moreover, this system is easy to operate and maintain with less maintenance cost. The treated wastewater could meet the discharge standards with 91.4% of suspended solid removal, 91% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, 96.7% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal, and 100% of grease removal.

Food waste is one of an organic waste and contains the value of recycling and reusing. EPA shows that there are almost the amount of 4500 tons food wastes which is about 36~64% in households in Taiwan everyday. Therefore, if food wastes could be reused again, not only greatly reducing the amount of waste, decreasing the problem of odor from progressing food wastes, but also increasing the using year of landfills and incinerators. Furthermore, it can develop fully the value of multiple reusing in recycling. The study is forced on questionnaires for the residents of the city of Kaohsiung and Taichung, to know the present of recycling of food waste and its difficulty in executing a strategy. Conferring the willingness to pay and the willingness to accept of food waste recovery and if the price is different or not by Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), and moreover evaluating the potential benefit. The results of the study are as following: there are conspicuous difference in ¡§if doing something about recovery¡¨ ¡§the way of recovery¡¨ and ¡§if see any inspectors examine the classification of refuse¡¨. The most difficulties of recovery food waste in both cities are ¡§its odor and breed mosquito and fly easily¡¨ and ¡§not knowing clearly what materials should be recovered or not¡¨. About the price of the willingness to pay and the willingness to accept, the major answer shows ¡§No, I would not.¡¨ from this questionnaires. On the other hand, answers of ¡§Yes, I would like.¡¨ all hope that the pay less is better and the compensation more is better. The price of the willingness to pay of Kaohsiung residents is NT$ 41.8 dollars, and Taichung residents is NT$ 45.3 dollars. Otherwise, the higher environmental conscious the Kaohsiung residents have, the higher willing to pay. At the same time, the difficulty of recovery food waste is low comparatively. In addition, ¡§occupation¡¨ ¡§family revenue per month¡¨ ¡§cooking per week¡¨ have effect on the price of the willingness to pay and the willingness to accept. In the result of regression, some of variable parameters could affect the price of the willingness to pay. It maybe provides society for reference according the benefit in the estimating of regression. Therefore, the study hopes to provide the decision-maker more clear environmental and economical information through evaluate and analyze the willingness of pay of food waste. Furthermore, it maybe help the government to make a future policy in order to practice the food waste recovery indeed and carry out the target of reducing the amount of waste and resources recovering for a sustainable resources of food waste.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-265). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2002. / Bibliography: leaves 66-67.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-265). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (D. Ed. Min.)--New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, 2003. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-52).

Thesis (Ph.D)--Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. / Committee Chair: Noonan, Douglas S.; Committee Co-Chair: Norton, Bryan; Committee Member: Bowman, Kirk; Committee Member: Fox, Mary F. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Hand raising is a common method in schools and a way for students to engage in the classrooms turn-allocation (Andersson & Haglund 2006, p 35), but not all benefit from it. According to Dylan Wiliam (2011) hand raising divides the students by putting the students that participate in hand raising at an advantage versus the students that do not. This study aims to examine hand raising as a phenomenon and the students and teachers thoughts about hand raising. The main research questions were: How do the students perceive hand raising? How do the teachers reflect upon hand raising? How is hand raising usedas a tool by the students? The main reference to this study has been senior lecture Fritjof Sahlströms (1999) thesis Up the Hill Backwards. On International Constraints and Affordances for Equity-Constitution in the Classrooms of the Swedish Comprehensive School, were he debates around hand raising as a method for interaction with teachers and students. This study has also raised issues from social psychology such as norm and that humans are affected by the mere presence of other humans. The study has come about using both observations and group-intervjues with students from the range of six to eleven and a singel group-intervju with teachers. Results from the study shows that students consider hand raising as a method for keeping the classrooms atmosphere composed and that they raised their hands if they know the answer. The teachers discussed the difficulties concerning turn-allocations.

The objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the current marketing practices as viewed by students at the University of Natal - Pietermaritzburg (UNP) for self-funded courses. Data was collected from a sample size of 221, of which 196 student opinions were established. A sample size of 196, represented 38,7 % of the total population, and can be considered as an adequate sample size. This also confirms that the sample size is a true representation of the population. The instrument used for the research was a structured questionnaire, formulated by reviewing the literature in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3. The analysis of the data was done using a software package called SPSS vII,S. The interpretation of these results was illustrated with the use of bar graphs and pie charts, with a written narration for each question of the questionnaire. The analysis of the results reflects that students feel very positive about the University's current marketing practices. All departments were rated as at least "good" by the students in terms of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangibles. Recommendations were formulated as the result of the findings, and challenges facing the University of Natal were presented. / Thesis (M.B.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

Thesis (M.S.)--Purdue University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-68). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.