O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a colonização do oeste paulista, mais especificamente, a partir dos anos trinta do século XX, situando-a no contexto geral da expansão do capital no âmbito mundial. A análise busca centrar-se no caráter contraditório do processo de colonização que, ao expandir o agrário como forma de superação aos entraves à reprodução do capital, advindos da grande crise de 1929, simultaneamente, estaria a reproduzir um conjunto de relações sociais sob o qual repousaria o próprio fundamento da crise. Nesse sentido a superação se constituiria, de antemão, na reprodução da própria crise, problema que remete à lógica da valorização como fundamento fundante da sociabilidade moderna. Sendo a reprodução do capital balizada pelo encadeamento lógico de seus momentos, a sociedade se põe a reboque de inexorável. Partindo desse pressuposto, questionaremos a racionalidade que, como forma de consciência indivíduos reproduzam a si e a sua sociedade. Despido de sua racionalidade, o capital revela o seu caráter imanentemente crítico, o que se evidencia pela sua forma contraditória de expansão, sendo essa movida, simultaneamente, pela acumulação e crise de acumulação de valor. / The present study aims to analyze the colonization of western São Paulo, more specifically from the thirties of the twentieth century, placing it in the overall context of capital expansion at the global scenario. The analysis focus on the contradictory nature of the colonization process, which, in order to expand the agrarian as a way of overcoming the obstacles to the reproduction of capital, coming from the 1929 crisis, simultaneously, would be playing a set of social relations under which would rest the very foundation of the crisis. In this sense, the overcoming would constitute, in advance, on the reproduction of the crisis itself, a problem that leads to the logic of the valorization as a fundamental basis of the modern sociability. Being the reproduction of capital guided by the logical sequence of its moments, the society begins to tow a process that goes behind it,\" and which imposes itself on her in an inexorable way. Based on this assumption, we shall question the rationality that, as a form of modern consciousness, puts the mediation of the goods as a \"sine qua non\" condition, to make the individuals to reproduce themselves and their society. Stripped of its rationality, the capital reveals its immanently critical character, which is evidenced by its contradictory form of expansion, which is moved simultaneously by the accumulation and value accumulation crisis.

For several decades, causal decision theory (CDT) has been the orthodox version of philosophical decision theory. However, ever since CDT was first developed there have been those who have disputed the adequacy of this theory. Then, in the last decade and a half, opposition to this theory has intensified, with a vast array of novel objections to CDT emerging. As a result, the field of philosophical decision theory has splintered, with a large number of new versions of decision theory being developed to try to plug the gap left by the apparent collapse of CDT. However, in this thesis I will defend CDT against the objections raised against it and so dispute the need to develop a new version of decision theory. In doing so, I will address old challenges to CDT, based around Newcomb’s Problem and cases where CDT provides unstable guidance. These challenges have been around for some time. While existing solutions have been presented here, these have failed to fully resolve the disquiet that these objections raise. In this thesis, I will have more to say to resolve this disquiet so that we can set these old objections aside. In this thesis, I will also address new challenges to CDT, which have arisen in the past decade and a half. These challenges are based on appeals to quantum mechanics, prophecy, and the laws of nature, among other things. Many of these objections have not previously been addressed. However, I will argue that these challenges fail to appropriately construe CDT and so fail to truly undermine this theory. Causal decision theory, I will conclude, is a robust theory. As such, while there is much work to be done in philosophical decision theory this work involves building on, rather than replacing, CDT.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O texto aqui apresentado tem o intuito de apresentar uma diagnÃstica crÃtica das condiÃÃes de possibilidade da insurgÃncia das formas de vida no capitalismo. Desta maneira, evocamos, ao longo do texto, a relaÃÃo entre capitalismo, racionalidades e ideologia, para compreender como as formas de dominaÃÃo e exploraÃÃo se organizam condensando-se nas formas de vida. A diagnÃstica, para alÃm de compor o objetivo desse trabalho, à tambÃm o mÃtodo usado para a realizaÃÃo desse objetivo. Tentamos, ao longo do texto, reconstruir as contingÃncias do capitalismo (em sua dimensÃo de economia-polÃtica), das racionalidades e das ideologias. NÃo se tratou, contudo, da reconstruÃÃo dos modos de vida nas vÃrias fases aqui apresentadas do capitalismo. E sim, a partir das conformaÃÃes hegemÃnicas desses conceitos, apresentar como, no plano da macropolÃtica, estes influenciam nas disposiÃÃes e tendÃncias das formas de sociabilidade. A hipÃtese central aqui apresentada, porÃm, à de que tais disposiÃÃes estÃo imbricadas na administraÃÃo das motilidades. Assim subjacente ao trabalho de diagnÃstica,se fez necessÃrio um diagnÃstico complementar: o da administraÃÃo dos afetos. Com isso, na primeira parte do texto, composta pelos trÃs primeiros capÃtulos, percebe-se um esforÃo das formas de racionalidade em oferecer um ideal de felicidade. Entretanto, ao evocar a psicanÃlise, como ferramenta crÃtica e analÃtica deste trabalho, o medo e a angÃstia surgem como afetos com forte poder de influenciar as tendÃncias e disposiÃÃes das formas de vida. A literatura ofereceu, tambÃm, a ideia de um afeto que nÃo participa do circuito gerencial: o desamparo. Diante deste o questionamento sobre as figuras que se situam fora das formas de vidas tornou-se necessÃrio. O conceito de âvida indignaâ despontou, entÃo, como categoria analÃtica. Assim, na Ãltima parte do trabalho foram discutidas as relaÃÃes entre os circuitos afetivos, as formas de vida e a âvida indignaâ. A noÃÃo psicanalÃtica de gozo foi de suma importÃncia para isso, pois toda a anÃlise final à pautada na ideia da passagem de uma sociedade que regula atravÃs da proibiÃÃo para uma sociedade que regula atravÃs do incentivo. Por fim, buscou-se responder ao questionamento que intitula esse texto: âquem à digno de viver no capitalismo?â. / The text presented here intends to present a critical diagnosis of the conditions of possibility of the insurgency of life forms in capitalism. In this way, we have evoked throughout the text the relation between capitalism, rationalities and ideology, in order to understand how the forms of domination and exploitation are organized by condensing themselves into the forms of life. The diagnosis, besides composing the objective of this work, is also the method used to achieve it. Weâve tried, throughout the text, to reconstruct the contingencies of capitalism (in its dimension of political economy), of rationalities and ideologies. It was not, however, a question of the reconstruction of the ways of life of the capitalism in the various phases presented here. Instead, from the hegemonic conformations of these concepts, the goal is to present how, at the macro political level, these influence on the dispositions and tendencies of the forms of sociability. The central hypothesis presented here, however, is that such provisions are imbricated in the management of motilities. Underlying the diagnostic work, a complementary diagnosis was necessary: the administration of the affections. With this, in the first part of the text, composed by the first three chapters, one perceives an effort of the forms of rationality in offering an ideal of happiness. However, by evoking psychoanalysis as a critical and analytical tool of this work, fear and anguish arise as affections with a strong power to influence the tendencies and dispositions of life forms. The literature also offered the idea of an affection that does not participate in the management circuit: the helplessness. Before this the questioning about the figures that are placed outside the forms of lives became necessary. The concept of "unworthy life" then emerged as an analytical category. Thus, in the last part of the work the relations between the affective circuits, the forms of life and the "unworthy life" were discussed. The psychoanalytic notion of jouissance was very important for this, since all the final analysis is based on the idea of the passage from a society that regulates through the prohibition to a society that regulates through the incentive. Finally, we tried to answer the question that entitles this text: "who is worth living in capitalism?".

Os Devedores Anônimos são um grupo de ajuda-mútua reunindo indivíduos que se consideram compradores e/ou endividados compulsivos. A partir de pesquisa de campo realizada nos encontros do grupo e de entrevistas aprofundadas com seus membros, são analisadas tanto as condutas econômicas desses agentes antes da entrada no DA, quanto os efeitos que a permanência no grupo tende a engendrar em seu comportamento. Identificando os mecanismos presentes em certas experiências problemáticas no interior da ordem econômica especialmente no que se refere a compras e tomadas de empréstimos vistas pelos próprios implicados como injustificadas, impensadas ou irracionais , este trabalho mostra também como, funcionando à maneira de um dispositivo de racionalização, o grupo incide sobre as condutas econômicas de seus usuários de modo a torná-las mais ajustadas a certas exigências da ordem econômica atual. Isso por meio de mecanismos particulares, que atuam seja incitando a reflexividade e dirigindo a atenção desses agentes para aspectos antes despercebidos das ações econômicas cotidianas (produzindo, assim, um investimento renovado em tais operações), seja suscitando implicitamente dinâmicas afetivas que tendem a conduzi-los na direção de uma maior racionalidade econômica. Demonstra-se, desse modo, não só como certas experiências emocionais contribuem para a realização de ações econômicas que, depois, podem ser motivo de arrependimento, mas também como esse tipo de racionalidade e seu ideal, o modelo do homo oeconomicus não se opõe às emoções, às paixões, mas depende, para sua própria efetivação, de dinâmicas afetivas peculiares. / Debtors Anonymous is a twelve-step, self-help group formed by individuals who consider themselves compulsive buyers and/or compulsive debtors. Based on field research conducted at the encounters of the group and on interviews with its members, it is analyzed the economic behavior of these agents before their entrance in DA and the effects that the permanence in the group tend to cause in their behavior. Along with the identification of the mechanisms present on certain problematic experiences in the midst of the economic order especially buying and credit practices seen by the individuals themselves as unjustified, unthought-of or irrational , this work also shows that, functioning as a rationalization dispositive, the group acts upon the economic behavior of its users in a way that leads them to become more adjusted to certain exigencies of the current economic order. The group does that through particular mechanisms, some of which can incite reflexivity and drive these agents attention to aspects of the everyday economic actions that they werent used to perceive (thus producing a renewed investment on such operations), or others that implicitly generate affective dynamics which tend to conduce these agents in the direction of a greater economic rationality. It is thus demonstrated not only how certain emotional experiences contribute to the realization of buying and credit practices which can later be regretted, but also how that type of rationality and its ideal, the homo oeconomicus model is not opposed to emotions and passions, but depends for its own sake of peculiar affective dynamics.

In the first chapter, I investigate reputational effects of the disclosure of negative information in a market affected by adverse selection. A series of recent discoveries has increased consumer concern over the presence of counterfeits in the market for fine and rare wine. For the thousands of bottles sold at auction each year, house reputation is used as a quality assurance mechanism to signal product authenticity. Using sales data from 2005-2015 for the ten largest auction houses, I study consumer reaction following two recent disclosures of an auction house having offered or sold counterfeit wine. My identification strategy to examine reputation involves a series of triple difference regressions analyzing equilibrium prices and quantities. I discover one house experienced no losses following a 2008 incident involving 107 counterfeit bottles. However, three houses associated with a 2012 incident involving thousands of bottles were found to have suffered significant reputation losses following the incident. These losses are demonstrated by a 3-8% decrease in equilibrium sales prices and a 6-9% decrease in sales quantities in the year following the disclosure. The second chapter of my dissertation involves the transitivity of stated preferences. Revealed preference theory states that, in order for an individual’s preferences to be consistent with utility maximization, they must satisfy the principle of transitivity. Any deviations from this principle result in a logically inconsistent response pattern. I develop a new framework to study the rationality of stated preferences, accounting for both the number and severity of non-transitive responses an individual makes. I implement this method using a nationally representative survey of 3,234 respondents from the U.S. general population and discover that more than 52% of the population exhibit non-transitive preferences. In addition to measuring the number and severity of non-transitive preferences exhibited by each respondent, another aim of this manuscript is to evaluate the relationship between response transitivity and the individual outcomes of each respondent under the premise that high quality decisions are the result of greater decision-making ability. After controlling for demographic characteristics including age, education, race, gender, ethnicity, and work status, non-transitive patterns are correlated with lower incomes and poorer health.

The theme of truth in the work of Alasdair MacIntyre has rarely been developed. The present thesis aims at filling this lack. In a long first part the goes in details through the whole of MacIntyre’s work with a special attention to the item of truth, which is omnipresent. This heuristic part leads to a hermeneutic part, in which the thought of the Anglo-Saxon philosopher is compared with that of Hans-Georg Gadamer - to whom he affirms to be widely indebted - in order to discern the proper of the Macintyrian researcher and that of his access to truth, which he considers as absolute. The unifying thread of it is the dichotomy Aristotle vs. Heidegger in Gadamer’s work. This dichotomy, which is suggested by the Anglo-Saxon philosopher, proves to be an important key of interpretation of his thought in the field of hermeneutic. In a third part the author studies a diversity of themes for a right understanding of the Macintyrian conception of truth: today’s context of plurality of traditions and civilisations, Macintyrian Thomism, the absolute and what is relative and truth as a good. This thematic part is built upon a confrontation with the thought of the second Hilary Putnam, that of "Reason, Truth and History", which is used as a safeguard in the work of MacIntyre when he tries to define the conception of truth in the tradition rationality. The author makes some critics of MacIntyre’s thought, notably on the credit given to human rationality: the Anglo-Saxon philosopher does not seem to understand the limits proper to it, on theoretical level and practical level as well. / Le thème de la vérité chez Alasdair MacIntyre restait trop peu connu. Cette thèse entend contribuer à combler ce manque. Dans une longue première partie, l’ensemble de l’œuvre macintyrienne est épluché en suivant le thème de la vérité, qui y est omniprésent. Cette partie heuristique débouche sur une partie herméneutique, où la pensée du philosophe anglo-saxon est confrontée à celle de Hans-Georg Gadamer, envers lequel il reconnaît une dette importante, afin de discerner quelle est la part propre de la situation de l’investigateur macintyrien et celle de son accès à la vérité, qu’il considère finalement comme étant absolue. La dichotomie Aristote vs Heidegger chez Gadamer en constitue le fil rouge. Cette dichotomie, suggérée par le philosophe anglo-saxon, s’avère être une clé d’interprétation importante de sa pensée dans le champ de l’herméneutique. Dans une troisième partie sont étudiés divers thèmes importants pour une juste compréhension de la conception macintyrienne de la vérité : le contexte contemporain de la pluralité des traditions et des civilisations, le thomisme macintyrien, le relatif et l’absolu, et la vérité comme (un) bien. Cette partie thématique est charpentée par une confrontation avec la pensée du second Hilary Putnam, celui de "Reason, Truth and History", qui sert en quelque sorte de garde-fou dans l’œuvre macintyrienne quand il s’agit de définir la conception de la vérité impliquée dans la tradition rationality. Certaines critiques de la pensée d’Alasdair MacIntyre sont faites, notamment en ce qui concerne le crédit qu’il accorde à la rationalité humaine : le philosophe anglo-saxon ne semble pas prendre la mesure des limites qui lui sont propres, tant au niveau théorique qu’au niveau pratique.

The theme of truth in the work of Alasdair MacIntyre has rarely been developed. The present thesis aims at filling this lack. In a long first part the goes in details through the whole of MacIntyre’s work with a special attention to the item of truth, which is omnipresent. This heuristic part leads to a hermeneutic part, in which the thought of the Anglo-Saxon philosopher is compared with that of Hans-Georg Gadamer - to whom he affirms to be widely indebted - in order to discern the proper of the Macintyrian researcher and that of his access to truth, which he considers as absolute. The unifying thread of it is the dichotomy Aristotle vs. Heidegger in Gadamer’s work. This dichotomy, which is suggested by the Anglo-Saxon philosopher, proves to be an important key of interpretation of his thought in the field of hermeneutic. In a third part the author studies a diversity of themes for a right understanding of the Macintyrian conception of truth: today’s context of plurality of traditions and civilisations, Macintyrian Thomism, the absolute and what is relative and truth as a good. This thematic part is built upon a confrontation with the thought of the second Hilary Putnam, that of "Reason, Truth and History", which is used as a safeguard in the work of MacIntyre when he tries to define the conception of truth in the tradition rationality. The author makes some critics of MacIntyre’s thought, notably on the credit given to human rationality: the Anglo-Saxon philosopher does not seem to understand the limits proper to it, on theoretical level and practical level as well. / Le thème de la vérité chez Alasdair MacIntyre restait trop peu connu. Cette thèse entend contribuer à combler ce manque. Dans une longue première partie, l’ensemble de l’œuvre macintyrienne est épluché en suivant le thème de la vérité, qui y est omniprésent. Cette partie heuristique débouche sur une partie herméneutique, où la pensée du philosophe anglo-saxon est confrontée à celle de Hans-Georg Gadamer, envers lequel il reconnaît une dette importante, afin de discerner quelle est la part propre de la situation de l’investigateur macintyrien et celle de son accès à la vérité, qu’il considère finalement comme étant absolue. La dichotomie Aristote vs Heidegger chez Gadamer en constitue le fil rouge. Cette dichotomie, suggérée par le philosophe anglo-saxon, s’avère être une clé d’interprétation importante de sa pensée dans le champ de l’herméneutique. Dans une troisième partie sont étudiés divers thèmes importants pour une juste compréhension de la conception macintyrienne de la vérité : le contexte contemporain de la pluralité des traditions et des civilisations, le thomisme macintyrien, le relatif et l’absolu, et la vérité comme (un) bien. Cette partie thématique est charpentée par une confrontation avec la pensée du second Hilary Putnam, celui de "Reason, Truth and History", qui sert en quelque sorte de garde-fou dans l’œuvre macintyrienne quand il s’agit de définir la conception de la vérité impliquée dans la tradition rationality. Certaines critiques de la pensée d’Alasdair MacIntyre sont faites, notamment en ce qui concerne le crédit qu’il accorde à la rationalité humaine : le philosophe anglo-saxon ne semble pas prendre la mesure des limites qui lui sont propres, tant au niveau théorique qu’au niveau pratique.

This thesis explores the Crazy Horse Memorial orientation film and its rhetorical claim to represent Lakota values in the rhetorically contested Black Hills of South Dakota. Walter Fisher’s concept of narrative rationality is used to analyze the informal logic of the memorial film narrative. The Crazy Horse Memorial is seen as a response to Mt. Rushmore’s colonialist legacy. Analysis shows that the Crazy Horse Memorial actually has much in common with Rushmore’s legacy of Euro-American colonialism. This thesis discusses the effects of this redefinition of Lakota cultural values on the rhetorical sphere of the contested Black Hills.

The past 40 years have seen an enormous amount of research aimed at investigating human reasoning and decision-making abilities. This research has led to an extended debate about the extent to which humans meet the standards of normative theories of rationality. Recently, it has been proposed that dual-process theories, which posit that there are two distinct types of cognitive systems, offer a way to resolve this debate over human rationality. I will propose that the two systems of dual-process theories are best understood as investigative kinds. I will then examine recent empirical research from the cognitive neuroscience of decision-making that lends empirical support to the theoretical claims of dual-process theorists. I will lastly argue that dual-process theories not only offer an explanation for much of the conflicting data seen in decision-making and reasoning research, but that they ultimately offer reason to be optimistic about the prospects of human rationality.

This article considers three standard asset pricing models with adaptive agents and stochastic non-stationary dividends. We assume that the parameters are estimated by exponential smoothing, such that prices and returns remain random variables. This paper provides sufficient conditions for the ergodicity of the return process and checks whether the perceived law assumed by the bounded rational agents can be considered to be sound with the returns observed. (author's abstract) / Series: Report Series SFB "Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science"