published_or_final_version / Education / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a classroom observation inventory as a formative program implementation tool. This formative study of a district's primary (kindergarten through second grade) literacy program implementation was conducted in an effort to provide information that will improve and hopefully strengthen the program and serve as a tool for other districts that are implementing similar programs. The passage of the No Child Left Behind Act by Congress in 2002 (Public Law 107-110) signaled the beginning of a renewed emphasis on the impact of educational programs, specifically literacy instruction and assessment. All states that accept NCLB monies must create standards and design an assessment system that will measure adequate yearly progress (AYP) for all students, with the goal of all students being proficient in reading by the 2014 fiscal year. In an effort to meet this federal mandate, school districts will continue to pour even more money into programs that promise to escalate the literacy achievement of all students. The general concepts of program evaluation are reviewed as they relate to the context of this study as well as several studies that have been designed to determine the effective components of specific literacy programs that focus instruction and ultimately improve student achievement. The classroom observation tool that was used in this study, while unobtrusive, is highly structured with protocols for recording specific attributes focused around five domains of effective literacy instruction. A quantitative rating for each item on the instrument was assigned. Results of the observation are reported using descriptive and inferential statistics that compare the observation instrument elements by grade level and school type within each of the instrument's domains. / Ed. D.

This work seeks to address the major texts of Slavoj Zizek using a reading methodology which treats political philosophy as a practice, rather than a series of logical propositions or claims of truth or falsity. Philosophy is herein understood as a field of relations among authors who occupy precise theoretical and political coordinates. Writing produces and reproduces an author's position within this field via the way in which an author communicates with his/her peers, draws on past concepts, and designs new ones. This paper argues that Zizek cannot usefully be grasped as a theorist attempting to provide positive political solutions or analyses, but rather as a 'negative' force who occupies an impossible position by attempting to negate his peers and popular contemporary theoretical concepts - Zizek wishes to create a new intellectual space where political possibilities can be rethought and rediscovered, and he does this in his texts by ephemerally occupying multiple positions only to displace them.

This work seeks to address the major texts of Slavoj Zizek using a reading methodology which treats political philosophy as a practice, rather than a series of logical propositions or claims of truth or falsity. Philosophy is herein understood as a field of relations among authors who occupy precise theoretical and political coordinates. Writing produces and reproduces an author's position within this field via the way in which an author communicates with his/her peers, draws on past concepts, and designs new ones. This paper argues that Zizek cannot usefully be grasped as a theorist attempting to provide positive political solutions or analyses, but rather as a 'negative' force who occupies an impossible position by attempting to negate his peers and popular contemporary theoretical concepts - Zizek wishes to create a new intellectual space where political possibilities can be rethought and rediscovered, and he does this in his texts by ephemerally occupying multiple positions only to displace them.

A dissertação está inserida na linha de Pesquisa de Linguagem, Educação e Organização Sócio-Cultural, com o tema: Análise das Estratégias de Leitura de Alunos do Ensino Superior e seu reflexo na Compreensão do Texto. Esta pesquisa investigou as estratégias de leitura, utilizadas pelos alunos dos Cursos de Letras e Pedagogia, da Universidade Federal do Piauí, buscando compreender o processo de leitura desses alunos, a partir da aplicação de questionários e entrevistas, com tarefas que foram respondidas, visando detectar até que ponto o uso de estratégias conscientes pode favorecer uma leitura correta, crítica e autônoma. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo em que buscamos, nos fundamentos da Linguística Textual, com base na abordagem sociointeracionista, o entendimento sobre a formação da competência para a leitura e, no enfoque discursivo, principalmente, os depoimentos dos acadêmicos, participantes da pesquisa, sobre a leitura de um texto de opinião: Para Mônica, mulher de João, mãe de Lucas de Ruth de Aquino da revista Época, que serviu de modelo para avaliação dessa competência; bem com as produções textuais escritas, que compõem o corpus desse estudo. A análise feita de caráter qualitativo como quantitativo, permitiu-nos observar alguns fatores que se mostraram bastantes significativos para evidenciarmos a relevância de termos uma mentalidade estratégica, na compreensão de textos, por meio de aplicação de estratégias, ou seja, o que queremos ressaltar é o fato de que a atividade de leitura, assim desenvolvida, possibilita a utilização metacognitiva e, portanto, consciente, das estratégias de leitura. O referido estudo confirmou, através do modelo de leitura de Goodman(1976), o uso de estratégias conscientes para o cálculo do sentido e o uso de conhecimento prévio, na extração de inferências. Dessa forma, sugerimos que o ensino da estratégia metacognitiva pode contribuir para a formação deste tipo de mentalidade- a estratégica-e pela sugestão de propostas aos desafios, enfrentados por educadores e educandos, particularmente, no que se refere à eficácia leitora dos acadêmicos. Os procedimentos foram guiados, de acordo com as proposições de Bardin(2002), Bauer; Gaskel (2002) , Ghiglione (1982); e nos estudos da oralidade para a transcrição do texto oral dos acadêmicos para o escrito. Organizados em Unidades textuais e de sentido / The dissertation thesis is inserted in the line of Language Research, Education and Socio-Cultural Organization, with the theme: "Analysis of Reading Strategies of Students for Higher Education and its reflection in the Understanding of Text." This study has investigated the reading strategies used by students in courses of Letras and Pedagogia in Universidade Federal do Piauí, trying to understand the reading process of these students, from the use of questionnaires and interviews with tasks that were answered in order to detect until point the use of "conscious strategies" might favor a correct reading, critical and autonomous. This is a descriptive study which we seek in on the grounds of textual Linguistics, based on social interactionist approach, the understanding of the formation of competence for reading and, in the discursive approach, especially the testimony of academics, research participants on reading a text of opinion: For Mônica, wife of João, Luca's mother Ruth de Aquino of the magazine "Time", which served as a model for assessment of competence; well with the written text productions, which make up the corpus of this study. The analysis of qualitative and quantitative, enabled us to observe some factors that proved significant enough to highlight the importance of having a strategic mindset, understanding of texts through the application of strategies, ie, what we want to emphasize is the fact that the activity of reading, developed allows the use metacognitive, and thus aware of reading strategies. The study confirmed, through the model of Goodman's reading, the use of "conscious strategy" to calculate the meaning and use of prior knowledge on the extraction of inferences. Thus to suggest that teaching of metacognitive strategy can contribute to the formation of this type of mentality-the strategic-and suggesting proposals to the challenges faced by educators and learners, particularly with regard to the effectiveness of the academic reader. The procedures were handled in accordance with the propositions of Bardin (2002), Dr.Gaskell ; Bauer(2002), Ghiglione (1982) and based on studies of orality to the transcript oral text to written that texts of academics. Organized into Units and textual sense meaning.

The present works of reading Chinese poetry offers a biographic reading method, but it cannot fit for reading Han Shan’s poetry, as he had unclear recording in history. Focused on exploring the persona and religion in Han Shan’s poetry world, I examine reading Han Shan’s poems in Buddhist way. Chapter 1 provides the biography of Han Shan, and presents his vernacular expression as different from other poets in history. Chapter 2 introduces some new methods on reading poetry brought up by some literature critics. Chapter 3 presents the Buddhist reading method that I have adopted to read and understand Han Shan’s poems. This reading method is inspired by the similarity between Han Shan’s writings and Buddhist texts. Chapter 4 explains how to read Han Shan’s poems in the Buddhist way. In this chapter, I analyze the persona and Buddhist thinking in the world of Han Shan’s poetry with the explanation of Buddhist sutras and literatures.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:24:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_maria_de_fatima.pdf: 1057708 bytes, checksum: 4092e1791d9928c0e64aeaefa09c2794 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-06 / The dissertation thesis is inserted in the line of Language Research, Education and Socio-Cultural Organization, with the theme: "Analysis of Reading Strategies of Students for Higher Education and its reflection in the Understanding of Text." This study has investigated the reading strategies used by students in courses of Letras and Pedagogia in Universidade Federal do Piauí, trying to understand the reading process of these students, from the use of questionnaires and interviews with tasks that were answered in order to detect until point the use of "conscious strategies" might favor a correct reading, critical and autonomous. This is a descriptive study which we seek in on the grounds of textual Linguistics, based on social interactionist approach, the understanding of the formation of competence for reading and, in the discursive approach, especially the testimony of academics, research participants on reading a text of opinion: For Mônica, wife of João, Luca's mother Ruth de Aquino of the magazine "Time", which served as a model for assessment of competence; well with the written text productions, which make up the corpus of this study. The analysis of qualitative and quantitative, enabled us to observe some factors that proved significant enough to highlight the importance of having a strategic mindset, understanding of texts through the application of strategies, ie, what we want to emphasize is the fact that the activity of reading, developed allows the use metacognitive, and thus aware of reading strategies. The study confirmed, through the model of Goodman's reading, the use of "conscious strategy" to calculate the meaning and use of prior knowledge on the extraction of inferences. Thus to suggest that teaching of metacognitive strategy can contribute to the formation of this type of mentality-the strategic-and suggesting proposals to the challenges faced by educators and learners, particularly with regard to the effectiveness of the academic reader. The procedures were handled in accordance with the propositions of Bardin (2002), Dr.Gaskell ; Bauer(2002), Ghiglione (1982) and based on studies of orality to the transcript oral text to written that texts of academics. Organized into Units and textual sense meaning. / A dissertação está inserida na linha de Pesquisa de Linguagem, Educação e Organização Sócio-Cultural, com o tema: Análise das Estratégias de Leitura de Alunos do Ensino Superior e seu reflexo na Compreensão do Texto . Esta pesquisa investigou as estratégias de leitura, utilizadas pelos alunos dos Cursos de Letras e Pedagogia, da Universidade Federal do Piauí, buscando compreender o processo de leitura desses alunos, a partir da aplicação de questionários e entrevistas, com tarefas que foram respondidas, visando detectar até que ponto o uso de estratégias conscientes pode favorecer uma leitura correta, crítica e autônoma. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo em que buscamos, nos fundamentos da Linguística Textual, com base na abordagem sociointeracionista, o entendimento sobre a formação da competência para a leitura e, no enfoque discursivo, principalmente, os depoimentos dos acadêmicos, participantes da pesquisa, sobre a leitura de um texto de opinião: Para Mônica, mulher de João, mãe de Lucas de Ruth de Aquino da revista Época , que serviu de modelo para avaliação dessa competência; bem com as produções textuais escritas, que compõem o corpus desse estudo. A análise feita de caráter qualitativo como quantitativo, permitiu-nos observar alguns fatores que se mostraram bastantes significativos para evidenciarmos a relevância de termos uma mentalidade estratégica, na compreensão de textos, por meio de aplicação de estratégias, ou seja, o que queremos ressaltar é o fato de que a atividade de leitura, assim desenvolvida, possibilita a utilização metacognitiva e, portanto, consciente, das estratégias de leitura. O referido estudo confirmou, através do modelo de leitura de Goodman(1976), o uso de estratégias conscientes para o cálculo do sentido e o uso de conhecimento prévio, na extração de inferências. Dessa forma, sugerimos que o ensino da estratégia metacognitiva pode contribuir para a formação deste tipo de mentalidade- a estratégica-e pela sugestão de propostas aos desafios, enfrentados por educadores e educandos, particularmente, no que se refere à eficácia leitora dos acadêmicos. Os procedimentos foram guiados, de acordo com as proposições de Bardin(2002), Bauer; Gaskel (2002) , Ghiglione (1982); e nos estudos da oralidade para a transcrição do texto oral dos acadêmicos para o escrito. Organizados em Unidades textuais e de sentido

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2018-08-23T18:27:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 idjane_mendes_freitas_macedo.pdf: 1518861 bytes, checksum: 71a8469cb87af32c95965c964ce15a27 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T18:27:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 idjane_mendes_freitas_macedo.pdf: 1518861 bytes, checksum: 71a8469cb87af32c95965c964ce15a27 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-08 / Digital technologies have broadened the concept of reading in relation to the strategies and effects produced by online reading and have given rise to new textual genres. The present work sought to analyze reading strategies and their effects for the understanding of the genre Meme, in Digital Information and Communication Technology (TDIC) and in print. We are interested in investigating the reading strategies used by students in the first year of high school and their effects when they read the genre Meme, because some institutions insist on working genres of the digital environment outside their real context. As a theoretical contribution, we turn to the theory of genders, from the perspective of Bakhtin and Marcuschi; aspects related to Digital Literacy - proposed by Ribeiro; to the multimodal aspects of the genre in the perspective of Dionísio, Vasconcelos, Fonte and Caiado and the reading strategies proposed by Solé and Coscarelli. The research was qualitative, with application of two didactic sequences (SD). We elaborated and applied an SD for the work with the online reading, in a digital device - smartphone - and an SD for the reading in the printed, with the purpose of analyzing the strategies of reading Memes used by the students and, consequently, the effects produced by them. We recorded, in an observation diary, the strategies students used to read Memes. Subsequently, we conducted a semi-structured interview with the subjects, aiming to analyze the comprehensive reading of the genre Meme. We understand that reading in a digital environment raises many questions regarding the language, emerging genres and reading strategies related to them, as well as the articulation between language, social action and digital technology. Therefore, analyzing the comprehension of the Meme genre in Digital Technologies is a way of understanding the influence that the digital environment has on students in reading emerging genres. We conclude that reading, in the digital environment, requires new reading strategies, which add to the reading strategies in the print and which require the practice of new reading skills of different genres, in different devices. / As tecnologias digitais ampliaram o conceito de leitura, no tocante às estratégias e efeitos produzidos pela leitura online e fizeram emergir novos gêneros textuais. O presente trabalho buscou analisar as estratégias de leitura e seus efeitos para a compreensão do gênero Meme, em Tecnologia Digital da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) e no impresso. Interessa-nos investigar as estratégias de leitura utilizadas por estudantes do 1º ano do ensino médio e os efeitos delas quando leem o gênero Meme, isso porque algumas instituições de ensino insistem em trabalhar gêneros do meio digital fora do seu contexto real. Como aporte teórico, recorremos à teoria dos gêneros, na perspectiva de Bakhtin e Marcuschi; aos aspectos relacionados ao Letramento Digital - propostos por Ribeiro; aos aspectos multimodais do gênero na perspectiva de Dionísio, Vasconcelos, Fonte e Caiado e às estratégias de leitura propostas por Solé e Coscarelli. A pesquisa foi de cunho qualitativo, com aplicação de duas sequências didáticas (SD). Elaboramos e aplicamos uma SD para o trabalho com a leitura online, em dispositivo digital - smartphone - e uma SD para a leitura no impresso, objetivando analisar as estratégias de leitura de Memes utilizadas pelos discentes e, consequentemente, os efeitos produzidos por elas. Registramos, em um diário de observação, as estratégias utilizadas pelos estudantes para ler Memes. Posteriormente, realizamos uma entrevista semiestruturada com os sujeitos, objetivando analisar a leitura compreensiva do gênero Meme. Entendemos que a leitura em ambiente digital levanta muitos questionamentos em relação à língua, aos gêneros emergentes e às estratégias de leitura relacionadas a eles, bem como a articulação entre linguagem, ação social e tecnologia digital. Logo, analisar como se dá a leitura compreensiva do gênero Meme em Tecnologias Digitais é uma forma de compreender a influência que o ambiente digital exerce sobre os estudantes na leitura de gêneros emergentes. Concluímos que ler, no ambiente digital, requer novas estratégias de leitura, que se somam às estratégias de leitura no impresso e que exigem a prática de novas habilidades de leitura de diferentes gêneros, em diferentes dispositivos.

The purpose of this essay is to conduct an analysis of four different classroom materials for the English 6 course in order to see the extent to which the textbooks follow accepted teaching methodology for reading, and whether or not their methodology changed after the curriculum switch in 2011. The books being analysed are Progress Gold C, Streams in Literature, Blueprint C Version 2.0, and Viewpoints 2. The analysis has been done by first looking at the teaching methodology literature in order to create a framework of questions to follow when analysing the classroom material, and from that framework looking at what reading activities are available and which model they follow, whether the texts activate different areas of knowledge for the students, and the variety of reading purposes that are available in each book. The answers have then been summarised individually for each point that has been picked out in the framework, and I have then briefly discussed whether or not there is a difference between the textbooks published prior to the curriculum change contra those published afterwards.   The conclusion of my analysis is that each of the books is strong in its own way, but that they do not all adhere to the chosen teaching methodology models – with Viewpoints 2 being the strongest in relation to the chosen framework, and Streams in Literature being the weakest. The books are all very similar at first glance, but it is clear to see that each of the authors has chosen their own way of handling the subject of reading literature in the classroom, with Streams in Literature choosing to focus almost entirely on the texts, while Progress Gold C and Blueprint C Version 2.0 have a much heavier focus on linguistics, and Viewpoints 2 strikes a balance between the two. My conclusion is that while all four of the books seem to follow the teaching methods analysed in this essay to some degree, all of them would require a good amount of revision in order to be more optimally developed towards the teaching theories presented here. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att genomföra en analys av fyra olika klassrumsmaterial som tillhör Engelska 6 kursen för att kunna se i vilken utsträckning textböckerna följer den accepterade undervisningsmetodiken kring läsning, och om metodiken ändrades efter kursplansbytet 2011 eller inte. Böckerna som analyseras är Progress Gold C, Streams in Literature, Blueprint C Version 2.0, och Viewpoints 2. Analysen har genomförts genom att först titta på litteraturen kring undervisningsmetodik för att skapa en teoretisk ram med frågor att följa när böckerna analyseras, och att sedan utifrån den ramen titta på vilka aktiviteter som finns och vilken modell de följer, om de aktiverar olika kunskapsområden hos eleverna, samt variationen mellan vilka lässyften finns i böckerna. Svaren har sedan sammanfattats individuellt för varje bok och punkt i den teoretiska ramen, och jag har då diskuterat översiktligt om det finns en skillnad mellan textböckerna som är utgivna innan kursplansbytet jämfört med de som är utgivna efter bytet.   Sammanfattningen av min analys är att varje textbok är stark på sitt eget sätt, men att inte alla följer den valda undervisningsmetodiksmodellen – förhållandet till den teoretiska ramen är starkast i Viewpoints 2 och svagast i Streams in Literature.Böckerna är vid första anblick väldigt lika, men man kan tydligt se att varje författare har valt sitt eget sätt att hantera hur man läser literatur i klassrummet. Streams in Literature väljer att fokusera nästan enbart på texterna, medans Progress Gold C och Blueprint C Version 2.0 har ett mycket tyngre fokus på lingvistik, och Viewpoints 2 har hittat en balans medan de två olika sätten. Min slutsats är att även om alla fyra textböcker verkar till en viss grad följa undervisningsmetodiken som har analyserats i denna uppsats så skulle alla behöva en stor mängd revideringar för att vara mer optimalt anpassade mot den presenterade undervisningsmetodiken.