The management and administration of legally defined marine boundaries in Australia is subject to a variety of political, legal and technical challenges. The purpose of this thesis is to address three of the technical challenges faced in the implementation of marine boundaries which cannot be dealt with by applying conventional land cadastre and land administration principles. The three challenges that are identified and addressed are (i) marine boundary delimitation and positioning uncertainty, (ii) the construction and maintenance of four dimensional marine parcels, and (iii) the modelling and management of marine boundary uncertainty metadata.

This study explored Visual Art creation by Grade 11 learners in the art classroom and the relationship with attaining creativity acumen. Creativity acumen in this instance is looked upon as the ability to visually conceptualize imaginative ideas and then translate that into an individual rendition of a concept presented. The learners first perceive an idea and then conceive a concept. Visual perception is a function of how the eyes and brain see whole images, but these images are broken down into their visual elements, such as lines and shading during Visual Art creation. The visual elements are then created in forming an art-work, which in turn lends itself to understanding complex concepts and themes. Creativity acumen involves two processes: having ideas (creativity-relevant processes) and then producing a visual exposé of such ideas. A literature review was conducted which provided useful insight into the components of the creative process and the contextual factors influencing creativity acumen within the school environment. An empirical study was conducted with six art learners in Grade 11, selected through purposive sampling. Creativity questionnaires were completed pre- and post-art creation as a self-assessment tool of how effectively individual implementation of the creative process occurred during idea development and artistic expression in attaining creativity acumen during Visual Art production, if at all. The art creations were observed from task presentation through to completion deadline. Photographic records of the art creations were captured as they were produced and completed. Interviews were conducted at the end of the art creative process. The data was descriptively tabulated into photo-sheets and tabulated for qualitative interpretation and description of findings and results. From the empirical study it can be concluded that there is a dialectic relationship between the creativity-relevant processes and art-relevant skills, as set out theoretically by Amabile (1996) when creating Visual Art. The relationship is intertwined and compounded by overlapping factors in acumen to be creative and creating an art-work. Both require openness to new ideas and perspectives and both need perseverance and effort to learn new skills and craftsmanship. The conclusion of this study is that creativity acumen and art creation have variation of outcome and expansion of ideas in common. Creativity acumen is a means of extending one’s outlook and ability to question, look for new information, develop ideas independently while art creation is a means of visual expression in learning to elaborate on a concept through externalised representation which guides further possibilities and understanding of new concepts and perspectives. There is a dialectic relationship between art creation and creativity acumen or ability as one possibly informs and develops the other. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

The thesis "Product placement in TV production" focuses on a specific type of marketing communication named product placement, particularly in the Czech TV broadcasting. The main aim of this thesis is to explore product placement and its particularities in TV production, with the focus on the Czech television broadcasting. Furthermore the next goals are to describe the whole proces of product placement realisation and to find out whether people know or do not know what a term product placement is and its legal background in the Czech Republic and how they perceive product placement in the Czech broadcasting.

The diploma thesis focuses on the creation of a marketing strategy proposal for the company Dach system s.r.o. The thesis is standardly split into the theoretical, practical and propositional part. The theoretical part contains an overview and research of selected resources and the practical part, being rooted in the aim of the paper itself, focuses on the analysis of external and internal environment of the company. Bearing in mind the current activities of the company, the propositional part introduces upon the basis of the results of the particular analyses detailed solution proposals, which will lead to a further development of the company and to an increase in its competitiveness.

This thesis focuses on harmonisation of work and family life of female university graduates at beginning of their careers and at the time when they were taking care of babies up to five years of age. I have chosen this topic not only because it is rather an actual topic but also because I'm personally attached to it. My feminist research analysis is based on the theory of power and knowledge as is it described by Foucault and Butler. I was interested in original families of my communication partners where they grew up and where they adopted their social habits and behaviour. In the light of this social process, I have analysed what powers they had to face in their original families in terms of usage of gender stereotypes based on patriarchal layout of our society and preferential existence of one gender over the other. I have also focused on current families of my communication partners and on power relationships on the basis of which the process of harmonisation of professional and family life of my communication partners takes place, both in their private and public space. I have also analysed how social habits and behaviour gained during their childhood are implemented. It was very important for the interviews and for my feminist research to approach my communication partners as subjects, and...

The subject of the present thesis is an analysis of the ditransitive verbs envy and forgive in the ditransitive/double-object constructions, i.e., either the S-V-Oi-Od or S-V-O-Oprep argument structure, in which both objects are explicitly expressed. Envy and forgive represents marginal ditransitive verbs, whose accounts in major grammars and various studies are far from uniform. Occasionally considered idiosyncratic, the ditransitive use (i.e., the indirect pattern) of the two verbs is expected to decrease in frequency. Thus, the research aims to investigate the postverbal complementation preference of envy and forgive, and the way the preference changes over time. However, it is not the relative frequency of the S-V-Oi-Od pattern with respect to all remaining constructions that is of interest here, but its ratio to the frequency of the other available double object construction, the prepositional S-V-O-Oprep pattern. Additionally, the thesis provides a systematic overview of syntactic and semantic differences between envy and forgive as well as an account of their shared features and aspects. Particular attention is paid to the Oi/O realisation (e.g., the substantival or pronominal realisation) and the Od/Oprep realisation (namely, the substantival realisation, the pronominal realisation, the...

Digital transformation has the potential to fundamentally change society. Digitalisation, through new technological solutions and advances, is expected to play a central role in ensuring future prosperity. Although the role of digitisation in society has been recognised, the public sector in Sweden is experiencing problems in realising the identified benefits, with the result that a large proportion of the projects being implemented exceed the set framework, constraints, and resources. The aim of this work has been to evaluate a digitisation project in the public sector through a qualitative case study and a goal-oriented framework. The case study has investigated which assumptions emerge in a digitisation project and how the realisation of benefits is affected by these. The evaluation carried out has shown that two different types of assumptions have occurred in the project, these have been formal and informal assumptions. The study has shown that assumptions create legitimacy and conditions for realisation within a digitisation project, while at the same time they create tensions within the project. The tensions show both enabling and constraining dimensions that have affected the project's implementation and benefit realisation positively and negatively. This study has identified a need to extend the work on assumptions in the LFA and has therefore proposed a model that illustrates the relationship of the two types to each other and to the project and its benefit realisation. The evaluation of the digitisation project has shown that the project team prioritised ensuring relevance and sustainability over feasibility, which created tensions in project implementation that negatively affected the realisation of benefits within the project. This study has shown that assumptions are often a "necessary evil" in relation to a project's impact capture, but are facilitated by good structure and clear leadership. / Digital transformation har potential att förändra samhället i grunden. Digitalisering genom nya tekniska lösningar och framsteg, spås besitta en central roll när framtidens välfärd ska säkras. Trots att digitaliseringens roll i samhället är konstaterad, upplever offentlig sektor i Sverige problem med att realisera de identifierade nyttorna. Detta har medfört att en stor del av projekten som genomförs, överskrider uppsatta ramar, begränsningar och resurser. Syftet med detta arbete har varit att genom en kvalitativ fallstudie, via intervjuer, dokumentinsamling samt ett mål-orienterat ramverk, utvärdera ett digitaliseringsprojekt inom offentlig sektor. Fallstudien har utrett vilka antaganden som framträder i ett digitaliseringsprojekt och hur nyttorealiseringen påverkats av dessa. Utvärderingen som utförts har visat att två olika typer av antaganden förekommit inom projektet, dessa har varit formella- och informella antaganden. Studien har visat att antaganden skapar legitimering av- samt förutsättningar för realisering inom ett digitaliseringsprojekt, samtidigt som de skapar spänningar inom projektet. Spänningarna visar på både möjliggörande och begränsande dimensioner vilka påverkat projektets genomförande och nyttorealisering positivt samt negativt. Denna undersökning har identifierat ett behov, att i LFA utöka arbetet med antaganden och har därför föreslagit en modell vilken illustrerar de två typernas relation till varandra samt till projektet och dess nyttorealisering. Utvärderingen av digitaliseringsprojektet har visat att projektgruppen prioriterat säkring av relevans och varaktighet framför genomförbarhet, vilket skapat spänningar i projektgenomförandet som påverkat nyttorealiseringen inom projektet negativt. Denna studie har visat att antaganden ofta kan ses som ett ”nödvändigt ont” i relation till ett projekts effekthemtagning/nyttorealisering, men som underlättas av bra struktur och tydligt ledarskap.

Dans ces travaux, nous explorons comment les techniques de Générations Automatiques de Langue Naturelle (GLN) peuvent être utilisées pour aborder la tâche de génération (semi-)automatique de matériel et d'activités dans le contexte de l'apprentissage de langues assisté par ordinateur. En particulier, nous montrons comment un Réalisateur de Surface (RS) basé sur une grammaire peut être exploité pour la création automatique d'exercices de grammaire. Notre réalisateur de surface utilise une grammaire réversible étendue, à savoir SemTAG, qui est une Grammaire d'Arbre Adjoints à Structure de Traits (FB-TAG) couplée avec une sémantique compositionnelle basée sur l'unification. Plus précisément, la grammaire FB-TAG intègre une représentation plate et sous-spécifiée des formules de Logique de Premier Ordre (FOL). Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous étudions la tâche de réalisation de surface à partir de formules sémantiques plates et nous proposons un algorithme de réalisation de surface basé sur la grammaire FB-TAG optimisé, qui supporte la génération de phrases longues étant donné une grammaire et un lexique à large couverture. L'approche suivie pour l'optimisation de la réalisation de surface basée sur FB-TAG à partir de sémantiques plates repose sur le fait qu'une grammaire FB-TAG peut être traduite en une Grammaire d'Arbres Réguliers à Structure de Traits (FB-RTG) décrivant ses arbres de dérivation. Le langage d'arbres de dérivation de la grammaire TAG constitue un langage plus simple que le langage d'arbres dérivés, c'est pourquoi des approches de génération basées sur les arbres de dérivation ont déjà été proposées. Notre approche se distingue des précédentes par le fait que notre encodage FB-RTG prend en compte les structures de traits présentes dans la grammaire FB-TAG originelle, ayant de ce fait des conséquences importantes par rapport à la sur-génération et la préservation de l'interface syntaxe-sémantique. L'algorithme de génération d'arbres de dérivation que nous proposons est un algorithme de type Earley intégrant un ensemble de techniques d'optimisation bien connues: tabulation, partage-compression (sharing-packing) et indexation basée sur la sémantique. Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, nous explorons comment notre réalisateur de surface basé sur SemTAG peut être utilisé pour la génération (semi-)automatique d'exercices de grammaire. Habituellement, les enseignants éditent manuellement les exercices et leurs solutions et les classent au regard de leur degré de difficulté ou du niveau attendu de l'apprenant. Un courant de recherche dans le Traitement Automatique des Langues (TAL) pour l'apprentissage des langues assisté par ordinateur traite de la génération (semi-)automatique d'exercices. Principalement, ces travaux s'appuient sur des textes extraits du Web, utilisent des techniques d'apprentissage automatique et des techniques d'analyse de textes (par exemple, analyse de phrases, POS tagging, etc.). Ces approches confrontent l'apprenant à des phrases qui ont des syntaxes potentiellement complexes et du vocabulaire varié. En revanche, l'approche que nous proposons dans cette thèse aborde la génération (semi-)automatique d'exercices du type rencontré dans les manuels pour l'apprentissage des langues. Il s'agit, en d'autres termes, d'exercices dont la syntaxe et le vocabulaire sont faits sur mesure pour des objectifs pédagogiques et des sujets donnés. Les approches de génération basées sur des grammaires associent les phrases du langage naturel avec une représentation linguistique fine de leur propriété morpho-syntaxiques et de leur sémantique grâce à quoi il est possible de définir un langage de contraintes syntaxiques et morpho-syntaxiques permettant la sélection de phrases souches en accord avec un objectif pédagogique donné. Cette représentation permet en outre d'opérer un post-traitement des phrases sélectionées pour construire des exercices de grammaire / In this work, we explore how Natural Language Generation (NLG) techniques can be used to address the task of (semi-)automatically generating language learning material and activities in Camputer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL). In particular, we show how a grammar-based Surface Realiser (SR) can be usefully exploited for the automatic creation of grammar exercises. Our surface realiser uses a wide-coverage reversible grammar namely SemTAG, which is a Feature-Based Tree Adjoining Grammar (FB-TAG) equipped with a unification-based compositional semantics. More precisely, the FB-TAG grammar integrates a flat and underspecified representation of First Order Logic (FOL) formulae. In the first part of the thesis, we study the task of surface realisation from flat semantic formulae and we propose an optimised FB-TAG-based realisation algorithm that supports the generation of longer sentences given a large scale grammar and lexicon. The approach followed to optimise TAG-based surface realisation from flat semantics draws on the fact that an FB-TAG can be translated into a Feature-Based Regular Tree Grammar (FB-RTG) describing its derivation trees. The derivation tree language of TAG constitutes a simpler language than the derived tree language, and thus, generation approaches based on derivation trees have been already proposed. Our approach departs from previous ones in that our FB-RTG encoding accounts for feature structures present in the original FB-TAG having thus important consequences regarding over-generation and preservation of the syntax-semantics interface. The concrete derivation tree generation algorithm that we propose is an Earley-style algorithm integrating a set of well-known optimisation techniques: tabulation, sharing-packing, and semantic-based indexing. In the second part of the thesis, we explore how our SemTAG-based surface realiser can be put to work for the (semi-)automatic generation of grammar exercises. Usually, teachers manually edit exercises and their solutions, and classify them according to the degree of dificulty or expected learner level. A strand of research in (Natural Language Processing (NLP) for CALL addresses the (semi-)automatic generation of exercises. Mostly, this work draws on texts extracted from the Web, use machine learning and text analysis techniques (e.g. parsing, POS tagging, etc.). These approaches expose the learner to sentences that have a potentially complex syntax and diverse vocabulary. In contrast, the approach we propose in this thesis addresses the (semi-)automatic generation of grammar exercises of the type found in grammar textbooks. In other words, it deals with the generation of exercises whose syntax and vocabulary are tailored to specific pedagogical goals and topics. Because the grammar-based generation approach associates natural language sentences with a rich linguistic description, it permits defining a syntactic and morpho-syntactic constraints specification language for the selection of stem sentences in compliance with a given pedagogical goal. Further, it allows for the post processing of the generated stem sentences to build grammar exercise items. We show how Fill-in-the-blank, Shuffle and Reformulation grammar exercises can be automatically produced. The approach has been integrated in the Interactive French Learning Game (I-FLEG) serious game for learning French and has been evaluated both based in the interactions with online players and in collaboration with a language teacher

The thesis offers new paradigms for advancing socio-economic rights in Africa. Many States Parties to human rights instruments have failed to promote the common welfare of their citizens partly because of the justiciability debate, which continues to complicate intellectual and practical efforts at advancing socio-economic rights. The debate also prevents the normative development of these rights through adjudication. Furthermore, traditional human rights theory and practice have been state-centric, with non-state actors largely ignored in the identification, formulation, and implementation of human rights norms. Yet, the involvement of non-state entities in international arena has limited states' autonomies considerably, with serious implications for human rights. Transnational Corporations (TNCs) have capacities to foster economic well-being, development, tenchnological improvement, and wealth, but they also often cause deleterious human rights impacts through thei employment practices, environmental policies, relationships with suppliers and consumers, interactions with governments, and other activities. The thesis argues that socio-economic rights are normative and justiciable. It argues that traditional approaches are no longer sufficient to secure human rights and calls for a dismantatling of some structures erected by doctrinal systems; for realignment of relationships among social institutions; and for integrated bundles of fundamental interests that harness benefits of human rights norms and widen the landscape to commit both formal and informal regimes. Fashioning out a new paradigm for advancement of socio-economic rights requires addressing state capacity. It requires an integrative and global interpretive framework. It requires, finally, a new paradigm to commit non-state actors in Africa. The illustrative chapter uses the rights to work and to social security as templates for some prescriptions towards reaslising socio-economic rights in Africa. / Jurisprudence / LL.D.

Selon la représentation d’entrée, cette thèse étudie ces deux types : la génération de texte à partir de représentation de sens et à partir de texte. En la première partie (Génération des phrases), nous étudions comment effectuer la réalisation de surface symbolique à l’aide d’une grammaire robuste et efficace. Cette approche s’appuie sur une grammaire FB-LTAG et prend en entrée des arbres de dépendance peu profondes. La structure d’entrée est utilisée pour filtrer l’espace de recherche initial à l’aide d’un concept de filtrage local par polarité afin de paralléliser les processus. Afin nous proposons deux algorithmes de fouille d’erreur: le premier, un algorithme qui exploite les arbres de dépendance plutôt que des données séquentielles et le second, un algorithme qui structure la sortie de la fouille d’erreur au sein d’un arbre afin de représenter les erreurs de façon plus pertinente. Nous montrons que nos réalisateurs combinés à ces algorithmes de fouille d’erreur améliorent leur couverture significativement. En la seconde partie (Simplification des phrases), nous proposons l’utilisation d’une forme de représentations sémantiques (contre à approches basées la syntaxe ou SMT) afin d’améliorer la tâche de simplification de phrase. Nous utilisons les structures de représentation du discours pour la représentation sémantique profonde. Nous proposons alors deux méthodes de simplification de phrase: une première approche supervisée hybride qui combine une sémantique profonde à de la traduction automatique, et une seconde approche non-supervisée qui s’appuie sur un corpus comparable de Wikipedia / Depending on the input representation, this dissertation investigates issues from two classes: meaning representation (MR) to text and text-to-text generation. In the first class (MR-to-text generation, "Generating Sentences"), we investigate how to make symbolic grammar based surface realisation robust and efficient. We propose an efficient approach to surface realisation using a FB-LTAG and taking as input shallow dependency trees. Our algorithm combines techniques and ideas from the head-driven and lexicalist approaches. In addition, the input structure is used to filter the initial search space using a concept called local polarity filtering; and to parallelise processes. To further improve our robustness, we propose two error mining algorithms: one, an algorithm for mining dependency trees rather than sequential data and two, an algorithm that structures the output of error mining into a tree to represent them in a more meaningful way. We show that our realisers together with these error mining algorithms improves on both efficiency and coverage by a wide margin. In the second class (text-to-text generation, "Simplifying Sentences"), we argue for using deep semantic representations (compared to syntax or SMT based approaches) to improve the sentence simplification task. We use the Discourse Representation Structures for the deep semantic representation of the input. We propose two methods: a supervised approach (with state-of-the-art results) to hybrid simplification using deep semantics and SMT, and an unsupervised approach (with competitive results to the state-of-the-art systems) to simplification using the comparable Wikipedia corpus