Text can be written with various types of fonts, knowing how the fonts affect the reader is advantageous for developers and creators when choosing what font to use when creating consumable media. Researchers have suggested that the results of a font may be affected by the reader's familiarity with it [6]. In recent times, digital user interfaces have seen a shift from serif to sans-serif fonts [10]. Many young adults spend a lot of their time on digital devices, and it might be the case that they are more familiar with sans-serif fonts. This familiarity might yield a measurable effect on their reading speed and information recall when reading sans-serif fonts compared to serif fonts. This study aimed to answer the question: Does sans-serif fonts compared to serif fonts have an impact on reading speed and/or information recall for young adults? This study was conducted with 20 participants of ages between 18-30 years old. The participants read four texts, each text was presented with either Times New Roman, Arial, Verdana or Garamond on a computer screen. The time it took to read each text was measured and the participants were asked questions to test the recollection of what they just read. The result from this study showed no significance in the difference between the serif fonts compared to the sans-serif fonts for either reading speed or information recall. In this study no evidence was found that supports that serif or sans-serif fonts have an impact on- or correlates to reading speed or information recall. While these results did not show a significant difference there are other factors that could influence the results. The lack of significance from this study does not rule out that serifs can impact reading speed or recollection. / Text kan skrivas med olika typer av typsnitt, att veta hur dessa typsnitt påverkar läsaren är fördelaktigt för utvecklare och kreatörer när de väljer vilket typsnitt de skall använda när de skapar media. Forskare har påstått att resultatet från ett typsnitt möjligen kan påverkas av läsarens vana vid typsnittet [6]. På senare tid har digitala användargränssnitt skiftat från serif till sans-serif typsnitt [10]. Många unga vuxna spenderar mycket av sin tid framför digitala enheter och det kan därför vara så att de är mer vana vid sans-serif typsnitt. Denna vana kanske kan visa mätbara effekter på deras läshastighet och informationshågkomst jämfört med serif typsnitt. Denna studie hade med avsikt att svara på frågan: Har sans-serif typsnitt jämfört med serif typsnitt en påverkan på läshastighet och/eller informations återkallning för unga vuxna? Den här studien utfördes med 20 deltagare av åldrar mellan 18 och 30 år. Deltagarna läste fyra texter, varje text presenterades med antingen Times New Roman, Arial, Verdana, eller Garamond på en datorskärm. Tiden det tog att läsa varje text mättes och deltagarna ställdes frågor gällande vad de mindes om texten de just läst. Resultatet från denna studie visade ingen signifikans i skillnaden mellan serif typsnitten jämfört med sans-serif typsnitten, varken för läshastighet eller informationshågkomst. Denna studie hittade inget bevis som stödjer att serif eller san-serif typsnitt har en inverkan på- eller korrelerar med läshastighet eller informationshågkomst. Även om dessa resultat inte visade på någon signifikant skillnad finns det andra faktorer som kan ha påverkat resultaten. Bristen på signifikans i denna studie utesluter inte att serifer kan ha en påverkan på läshastighet eller informationshågkomst.

Advertisers keep seeking new ways to target a wider audience while game developers are trying to monetize their game. This study investigates how Virtual Reality (VR) interactions influence user's sense of presence and brand awareness; specifically brand recall and brand recognition. A 2 (familiar/unfamiliar brands) x 2 (high/low game interactions) between subject design user study was created where 40 participants were recruited to participate in a self-made Virtual Reality game built in Unity. The game objective was to walk through a virtual city and locate the stadium while passing by billboards with static advertisements which the users were not informed about. The data have been collected through post and pre-experiment surveys in addition to two memory tests; brand recall and brand recognition. The results show that users that have the option to interact more with the VR environment can have a slight increase in their sense of presence as well as their recognition to both familiar and unfamiliar brands. Virtual reality in-game advertising can make advertisers unlock new audiences who can not target with traditional media while developers can unlock new revenue streams through entire gaming sessions without disrupting the user experience. / Marknadsförare letar ständigt efter nya vägar att nå ut till en bredare målgrupp samtidigt som spelutvecklare strävar efter att utveckla spel som genererar inkomster. Denna studie undersöker hur interaktioner i Virtual Reality (VR) påverkar användares känsla av närvaro och medvetenhet gällande varumärken; specifikt vad gäller varumärkesåterkallelse och varumärkesigenkänning. En 2 (kända/okända varumärken) x 2 (hög/låg spelinteraktion) mellan-ämnesdesign har använts i en användarstudie där 40 deltagare rekryterades till att delta i ett egentillverkat VR-spel skapat i Unity. Spelet gick ut på att gå genom en virtuell stad för att hitta Stadion och samtidigt passera skyltar med statisk reklam som användaren inte informerades om i förväg. Data har samlats in genom undersökningar före och efter experimentet och två minnestester har genomförts; varumärkesåterkallelse och varumärkesigenkänning. Resultaten visar att användare som har möjlighet att interagera i större utsträckning med VR-miljön kan ha en ökad känsla av närvaro och igenkänning av kända och okända varumärken. Genom att marknadsföra i VR in-game kan marknadsförare nå ut till nya målgrupper de inte når via vanlig media samtidigt som spelutvecklare kan skapa nya inkomstströmmar i spelsessioner utan att störa användarupplevelsen.

Eyewitness testimony plays a crucial role in the justice system. Misidentification from eyewitnesses was reported in 70% of 300 DNA exonerations of wrongfully convicted individuals (Wixted et al., 2015). Similarly, many convicts can also be set free because of juror’s faulty eyewitness recall during examination. Previous research indicated that females are more reliable in recall than men. However, these findings were not extensively examined with regards to time delay prior to the trial. Thus, it is important to systematically examine the various factors that influence eyewitness testimony. The present study was designed to empirically examine the effects of gender, interview technique, and time interval on eyewitness recall. It was hypothesized that female participants would outscore male participants in both facial and detail recall. It was also hypothesized that the cognitive interview would yield more accurate details about the crime in comparison to the standard interview. It was hypothesized that recall for participants would decay as the time interval increased. One hundred and four participants were randomly selected from a southeastern university to participate in the study. Ages of the participants ranged from 18-40 and consisted of fifty-two males and fifty-two females. They were required to complete a series of questionnaires consisting of demographics, mood measure, personality test, and standard/cognitive interviews. The results showed a significant effect between gender, interview technique, and time interval on detail recall. In addition, there was a significant main effect for interview type. There was a significant effect of gender and time interval on facial recall. It was found that extraversion significantly predicted detail recall as did agreeableness and neuroticism. The present findings further extend previous research examining the most effective interviewing techniques for eyewitness recall. It also indicated that females can accurately recall faces after a time delay in comparison to men. Furthermore, these results also clearly indicate that gender and time interval play a significant role in facial recall. Finally, the findings have practical implications for the jury selection system. For example, attorneys and judges might be inclined to choose women over men for specific cases where eyewitness details may be crucial for conviction. In addition, they may also use facial shots in order to enhance eyewitness recall. Personality measures can assist detectives to determine if a suspect is suitable for an interview. If at all possible, administering personality test for jurors may help in determining certain personality types are more prone to error.

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Syfte: Att vid Tandvårdshögskolan i Malmö utröna i vilken grad revisionspatienterna följs upp av studenterna, hur studenternas kariesbehandling planeras och utförs, effektiviteten av denna samt överlevnad hos studenternas utförda kompositfyllningar. Material och metod: Studien baseras på analys av patienters arbets- och revisionsblad, ifyllda av studenter på cariologiavdelningen under åren 2015-2018. Resultat: Totalt inkluderades 68 av 225 patienter. Vid första undersökningen hade 32% hög kariesrisk, vilket minskade till 19% vid revisionsundersökning. Patienter med låg kariesrisk ökade från 22% till 32%. Majoriteten av patienterna fick en minskad kariesincidens, i genomsnitt med 0,375 enheter. Vid första undersökningen hade 18% kariesincidens 0, vilket ökade till 68%. Samtliga patienter behandlades med fyllningsterapi och 7% av fyllningarna bedömdes som misslyckade, främst på grund av retentionsförlust. Den vanligaste kariespreventiva åtgärden var fluoridlackning vilket inkluderades i 73% av terapiplanerna. Fluorid- och kostråd utfördes hos 45% av patienter med hög kariesrisk, jämfört med 13% hos patienter med låg kariesrisk. Fluoridlackning och munhygieninstruktioner utfördes i lika stor utsträckning oavsett riskgruppering.Slutsatser: Majoriteten av revisionspatienterna på studentkliniken följdes upp och fick en minskad kariesincidens. Patienterna bedömdes ha en lägre kariesrisk efter utförd behandling. Fluorid- och kostråd ses i större utsträckning hos patienter med riskgruppering medel till hög. Ingen procentuell skillnad kan ses mellan riskgrupperna gällande behandling med fluoridlack och munhygieninstruktioner. Studien påvisar inga tydliga skillnader mellan behandlingsval och patientens kariesincidens efter utförd behandling. 7% av det totala antalet utförda fyllningar bedömdes som misslyckade, främst på grund av retentionsförlust. / Objective: To determine to which degree the recall of patients is executed at Tandvårdshögskolan in Malmö, how the students’ caries treatment is planned and performed, the effectiveness of this and the survival of the students’ composite restorations.Material and methods: The study is based on analysis of patient worksheets and recall sheets, completed by students in the Department of Cariology during the years 2015-2018. Results: A total of 68 out of 225 patients were included. At the first examination, 32% had high caries risk, which decreased to 19% in the recall examination. Patients with low caries risk increased from 22% to 32%. The majority of patients had a reduced caries incidence, averaging 0.375 units. In the first examination, 18% had caries incidence 0, which increased to 68%. All patients were treated with composite restorations and 7% of the restorations were considered unsuccessful, mainly due to loss of retention. The most common caries preventive measure was fluoride varnish, which was included in 73% of the treatment plans. Fluoride and dietary advice were performed in 45% of patients with high caries risk, compared with 13% in patients with low caries risk. Fluoride varnishing and oral hygiene instructions were performed to an equal extent regardless of caries risk.Conclusions: The majority of the patients at the student clinic were followed up and had a reduced caries incidence. Patients were assessed to have a lower caries risk after treatment. Fluoride and dietary advice are seen to a greater extent in patients with medium to high caries risk. No difference can be seen between the risk groups regarding treatment with fluoride varnish and oral hygiene instructions. The study shows no clear differences between treatment choices and the caries incidence of the patient after treatment. 7% of the total number of composite restorations was considered unsuccessful when followed up, mainly due to loss of retention.