Submitted by Jaqueline Duarte (1157279@mackenzie.br) on 2018-11-06T16:11:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Nathalia Fernandes Lima p.pdf: 1733529 bytes, checksum: fccb3a5492dfc7c0ea18bcf7affd9509 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Rejected by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br), reason: on 2018-11-14T13:40:57Z (GMT) / Submitted by Jaqueline Duarte (1157279@mackenzie.br) on 2018-11-14T16:43:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Nathalia Fernandes Lima p.pdf: 1733529 bytes, checksum: fccb3a5492dfc7c0ea18bcf7affd9509 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2018-12-14T15:00:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Nathalia Fernandes Lima p.pdf: 1733529 bytes, checksum: fccb3a5492dfc7c0ea18bcf7affd9509 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-14T15:00:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Nathalia Fernandes Lima p.pdf: 1733529 bytes, checksum: fccb3a5492dfc7c0ea18bcf7affd9509 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-29 / The purpose of this paper is to analyze the recall, mechanism for revocation of mandate by popular decision, in the way it is used in the United States. It aims to examine how this participatory mechanism can contribute to the improvement of political representation. First, the stages of the democratic process in the United States have been observed since its formation, in order to understand how the political and social dynamics of the country influence the behavior of government and the posture of citizens. Given the complexity of current societies whose practice of direct democracy proves to be nonstarter, it is through representatives that the population can exercise popular sovereignty. In a purely representative democracy, however, popular sovereignty and representation are merely fictitious as the population is kept from decision-making without being able to participate. Hence the relevance of the instruments of semi-direct democracy to correct the failures of political representation. In Brazil, there is legal provisions for plebiscite, referendum and popular initiative, but none of them presented significant practical results. There is no legal provision for recall in the Brazilian legal system, but the US model was analyzed based on its requirements and procedures. What was observed, therefore, was that its indiscriminate use poses serious risks to political stability, since the expected standard behavior is the conclusion of the mandates in the foreseen term. However, used exceptionally in cases where the representative does not play his role satisfactorily, he can serve as an important ally of the population to constrain political agents to face the administration of the public thing in a serious manner when there is a possibility to recall. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o recall, mecanismo de revogação de mandato por decisão popular, da forma como é utilizado nos Estados Unidos. O que se pretende é examinar de que forma esse mecanismo de participação popular pode contribuir para o aprimoramento da representação política. Primeiramente são observados os estágios do percurso democrático nos Estados Unidos, desde sua formação, a fim de entender a maneira como a dinâmica política e social do país influencia no comportamento do governo e na postura dos cidadãos. Tendo em vista a complexidade das sociedades atuais cuja prática de democracia direta se revela inviável, é através dos representantes que a população pode exercer a soberania popular. Numa democracia puramente representativa, entretanto, a soberania popular e a representação são meramente fictícias uma vez que a população se mantém afastada dos meios decisórios sem deles poder participar. Daí a relevância dos instrumentos de democracia semidireta para corrigir as falhas da representação política. No Brasil, há a previsão de plebiscito, referendo e iniciativa popular, porém nenhum deles apresentou resultados práticos significantes. O recall não está previsto no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, mas o modelo estadunidense foi analisado com base em seus requisitos e procedimentos. O que se observou, portanto, foi que seu uso indiscriminado oferece sérios riscos à estabilidade política, uma vez que o comportamento padrão esperado seja a conclusão dos mandatos no termo previsto. Contudo, usado excepcionalmente nos casos em que o representante não desempenhe seu papel satisfatoriamente, pode servir como um importante aliado da população para constranger os agentes políticos a encarar a administração da coisa pública com seriedade quando da possibilidade de recall.

Estudos comprovam que a lembrança de determinada marca é um componente essencial para a geração de seu valor. Na tentativa de atrair a atenção visual e, consequentemente, influenciar o processo de fixação da marca na memória do consumidor, profissionais de marketing utilizam, em seus anúncios, conteúdos com a presença de apelo sexual. Tais conteúdos sugerem, dentre outras formas, a exposição da nudez (total ou parcial) de modelos fisicamente atraentes. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa tem como principal objetivo verificar se a presença de apelo sexual em anúncios de mídia impressa influencia a lembrança da marca sob a ótica do Neuromarketing. A disciplina do Neuromarketing pode ser definida como uma área de estudo que utiliza ferramentas de análises clínicas para entender melhor reações fisiológicas dos indivíduos e como tais reações afetam o comportamento do consumidor. A ferramenta utilizada na pesquisa foi o Eye-Tracking, que consiste em um aparelho que capta a movimentação dos olhos e registra os pontos de maior atenção visual. A pesquisa foi realizada em três etapas: inicialmente, foram escolhidos trinta anúncios reais de mídia impressa e, por meio de uma pesquisa com 96 participantes, foram selecionados seis anúncios com apelo sexual. Em seguida, 201 participantes assistiram, durante cinco segundos, seis anúncios diferentes. Destes 201 participantes, 100 deles assistiram os anúncios com a presença de apelo sexual e 101 participantes assistiram anúncios sem a presença de apelo. Nesta etapa, os registros da movimentação ocular foram captados pelo eye-tracking. No final do experimento, os participantes responderam um questionário em que, dentre outras informações, mencionaram quais marcas estavam contidas nos anúncios. O teste estatístico para provar se há diferenças entre os dois grupos, considerando os dados coletados, foi o teste de Mann Whitney Wilcoxon. Os resultados evidenciaram que não existe diferença estatisticamente significante entre a lembrança da marca e a presença ou não de apelo sexual no anúncio. Já no contexto do Neuromarketing, os resultados mostraram que os participantes fixaram mais o olhar na imagem com apelo sexual do que na imagem sem apelo sexual. Entretanto, no que diz respeito à fixação do olhar na logomarca do anúncio, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes do tempo de fixação na logomarca dos anúncios com apelo sexual e sem apelo sexual / Studies show that the recall of a particular brand is essential for its value generation . In an attempt to attract visual attention and thus influence the process of fixing the brand in the consumer\'s memory, marketing professionals use, in their ads, content with the presence of sex appeal. Such content suggest, among other forms, the exhibition of nudity (partial or total) of physically attractive models. In this context, this research aims to verify if the presence of sex appeal in advertisements for print media influences brand recall from the perspective of Neuromarketing. The discipline of Neuromarketing can be defined as an area of study that uses clinical analysis tools to better understand physiological reactions of individuals and how such these reactions affect consumer behavior. The tool used in the research was the Eye-Tracking, which consists of a device that captures eye movements and records the points of greatest visual attention. The research was conducted in three stages: initially, were chosen thirty real print media ads and , through a survey with 96 participants, six ads with sex appeal were selected. Then two hundred and one participants watched, for five seconds, six different ads. Of these two hundred participants, 100 of them watched the ads with the presence of sex appeal and the 101 watched ads without the presence of appeal. At this stage, the records of eye movements were captured by the eye-tracking. At the end of the experiment, participants answered a questionnaire that, among other information, mentioned which brands were contained in the ads. The statistical test to prove whether there are differences between the two groups, considering the data collected, was the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test. The results showed that the presence of sex appeal in advertising has no influence in the consumer\'s ability to remember a brand. Under the Neuromarketing vision, the results showed that participants spend more time looking to the sex appeal image comparing with the non sex appeal image. Considering the fixation duration in the brand image, the results presented that there no statistical difference between sex appel and non sex appeal advertising

Abstrakt Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur målsättningarna i en planerad aktivitet kommer till uttryck och uppfattas av förskollärare och barn. Studien undersökte vilka olika uppfattningar som fanns hos barnen och förskolläraren för att sedan göra en jämförelse. För att synliggöra de uppfattningar som fanns och svara på forskningsfrågorna användes metoden stimulated recall med förskolläraren och barnen. Resultatet visade att det fanns vissa likheter och skillnader mellan förskollärarens och barnens uppfattningar i aktiviteten som innehöll en konstruktionsuppgift. De likheter som fanns hos båda grupperna var användandet av liknande naturvetenskapliga begrepp under samtalen som visade på de bådas förståelse för målsättningarna. Hur de båda grupperna utgick från tidigare erfarenheter framkom som en skillnad i studiens resultat. Förskolläraren hade i sin planering av projektarbetet utgått från barnens tidigare erfarenheter på förskolan. Barnen gjorde återkopplingar till sina egna erfarenheter från när de varit sjuka. Barnen såg även konstruktionen som en målsättning, något som förskolläraren inte uttryckte som en målsättning. Slutsatserna som kunde dras var vikten av att ha en tydlig målsättning, begreppsförståelse hos förskolläraren och att involvera barnen i aktivitetens utformning utan att glömma bort målsättningen.

Forskningsområdet för att skapa bra automatiska sammanfattningar har ökat stadigt genom de senaste åren. Detta på grund av den efterfrågan som finns både inom den privata och offentliga sektorn på att kunna ta till sig mer information än vad som idag är möjligt. Man vill slippa sitta och läsa hela rapporter och informationstexter utan istället smidigt kunna läsa en sammanfattning av dessa för att på så sätt kunna läsa fler. För att veta om dessa automatiska sammanfattare håller en bra standard måste dessa utvärderas på något sätt. Ofta görs detta genom att se till hur mycket information som kommer med i sammanfattningen och hur mycket som utelämnas. För att detta ska vara möjligt att kontrollera behövs en så kallad guldstandard, en sammanfattning som agerar som facit gentemot de automatiskt sammanfattade texterna. Den här rapporten behandlar ämnet guldstandarder och skapandet av dessa. I projektet har fem guldstandarder på informationstexter från Försäkringskassan skapats och utvärderats med positiva resultat.

The inference of gene regulatory networks (GRN) is of great importance to medical research, as causal mechanisms responsible for phenotypes are unravelled and potential therapeutical targets identified. In type 1 diabetes, insulin producing pancreatic beta-cells are the target of an auto-immune attack leading to apoptosis (cell suicide). Although key genes and regulations have been identified, a precise characterization of the process leading to beta-cell apoptosis has not been achieved yet. The inference of relevant molecular pathways in type 1 diabetes is then a crucial research topic. GRN inference from gene expression data (obtained from microarrays and RNA-seq technology) is a causal inference problem which may be tackled with well-established statistical and machine learning concepts. In particular, the use of time series facilitates the identification of the causal direction in cause-effect gene pairs. However, inference from gene expression data is a very challenging problem due to the large number of existing genes (in human, over twenty thousand) and the typical low number of samples in gene expression datasets. In this context, it is important to correctly assess the accuracy of network inference methods. The contributions of this thesis are on three distinct aspects. The first is on inference assessment using precision-recall curves, in particular using the area under the curve (AUPRC). The typical approach to assess AUPRC significance is using Monte Carlo, and a parametric alternative is proposed. It consists on deriving the mean and variance of the null AUPRC and then using these parameters to fit a beta distribution approximating the true distribution. The second contribution is an investigation on network inference from time series. Several state of the art strategies are experimentally assessed and novel heuristics are proposed. One is a fast approximation of first order Granger causality scores, suited for GRN inference in the large variable case. Another identifies co-regulated genes (ie. regulated by the same genes). Both are experimentally validated using microarray and simulated time series. The third contribution of this thesis is on the context of type 1 diabetes and is a study on beta cell gene expression after exposure to cytokines, emulating the mechanisms leading to apoptosis. 8 datasets of beta cell gene expression were used to identify differentially expressed genes before and after 24h, which were functionally characterized using bioinformatics tools. The two most differentially expressed genes, previously unknown in the type 1 Diabetes literature (RIPK2 and ELF3) were found to modulate cytokine induced apoptosis. A regulatory network was then inferred using a dynamic adaptation of a state of the art network inference method. Three out of four predicted regulations (involving RIPK2 and ELF3) were experimentally confirmed, providing a proof of concept for the adopted approach. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This study was designed to determine to what extent provision of personally relevant information and sensory cues would agree between Recipient and Informant for selection of memory book content. Six dyads married to each other an average of 29.17 years (SD = 10.03), between the ages of 43 and 70 years (Mean = 57; SD = 8.39), and cognitively competent (i.e., no diagnosis of cognitive impairment) participated. Participants completed questionnaires independently and provided personally relevant information/memories, aversions towards select memories/topics, and sensory cues on behalf of themselves (as “Recipient) and their spouse (as “Informant”). For provision of personally relevant information/memories, Informant and Recipient was 44.58% in agreement (SD = 14.99). For provision of aversions towards select memories/topics, Informant and Recipient was 24.86% in agreement (SD = 30.81). For provision of sensory cues, Informant and Recipient was 19.6% in agreement (SD = 30.81). Findings suggest that memory books made by others may not include the most important memories of the Recipient, thereby limiting the effectiveness of the memory book. Therefore, efforts should be made to encourage individuals to create a memory book while cognitively competent or share their most meaningful memories with the person who is most likely to make them a memory book if they should need one in the future.

Memory structure, memory assessment, Grober-Buschke paradigm, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia were discussed in the first part of the present thesis. Present study aims to examine the relationship between white matter changes, hippocampal atrophy and the performance in Enhanced Cued Recall test in nondemented geriatric population (n = 104). Partial neparametric correlations were used while controlling for age and Fazekas score. Medium correlations were found between left/right hippocampal volumes and free and total recall. No correlations were found between Fazekas score and ECR scores while controlling for age and left and right hippocampal volumes. Keywords: hippocampal atrophy, white matter changes, cued recall, ECR

Syftet med studien är att få kunskap om hur förskollärarna strävar mot att skapa trygghet i sina respektive småbarnsavdelningar. Fyra förskollärare som arbetar på småbarnsavdelningar observerades under sitt samspel med barnen för att få en uppfattning på hur de resonerar om begreppet ”trygghet” i sin interaktion med barnen. Förskollärare intervjuades också för att få en förståelse på hur de tolkar begreppet ”trygghet” i skapandet av en trygg verksamhet för de yngsta barnen. Genom att använda stimulated recall som observationsmetod och fenomenografi som forskningsansats kunde deras uppfattningar och reflektioner framställas. Studiens resultat påvisar att förskollärares uppfattning om begreppet ”trygghet” i sin interaktion med barnen relateras till närhet, bemötande, samverkan och ett bra samspel i arbetslaget. De tog även upp miljön, rutin och barngruppsstorleks betydelse i skapandet av en trygg verksamhet för de yngsta barnen. Förskollärares uppfattningar om trygghet kan ha en påverkan på hur de organisera, bemöta och resonera om arbetet mot trygghet.

Product placement as one of the modern tools of marketing communication has become very important. This is also the case of the Czech Republic, especially after recent legislative changes and related legalization of product placement. The thesis characterizes product placement, states its particular forms and methods of evaluating its effectiveness. The aim of the thesis is to determine the difference between product placement in a situation when in an audiovisual work is presented in the first case known brand, in the second case unknown brand and in the third case fictitious brand. This is examined by the executed experiment based on watching a video with three type situations and filling in a subsequent questionnaire survey. Analysis of the survey results reveals that product placement is the most effective when displaying known brand, using unknown brand is considerably less effective and that the effectiveness of fictitious brand is the lowest. On the basis of statistical hypothesis testing, it is confirmed that there is a statistically significant relation between brand knowledge and its effectiveness.

The effects of timed readings on recall and comprehension in a child with Asperger's syndrome were examined by employing a multiple-baseline design across two books with reversals. Recall timings consisted of the student's free-say compilation of what she just read. Comprehension tests consisted of the participant's answers to predetermined questions after her recall period. No consequences or feedback was given during any of the conditions. Results indicate that, initially, as the time required to read decreased, the number of unrelated words during the recall period for the two books also decreased. Related words were not as affected. Scores on comprehension tests were high. There was, however, little correspondence between the participant's recall words and the main ideas answered correctly in the comprehension test.