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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Correlation between systematic and periodontal bone loss in non-human primates Papio ursinus

Suliman, Khudaija 20 April 2015 (has links)
No description available.
22

Modelos para a produção de eritropoietina recombinante humana in vivo e in vitro com vetores plasmideais em ovinos / Models for the production of human recombinant erythropoietin in vivo and in vitro with plasmidial vectors in ovine

Giassetti, Mariana Ianello 24 February 2011 (has links)
Para produção de biofármacos protéicos, como a eritropoietina recombinante humana (EPOrh), são necessárias alterações pós-traducionais adequadas que garantam a sua especificidade e atividade biológica. Essas características são obtidas apenas em biorretores baseados em células eucarióticas, como as da glândula mamária. Sistemas baseados nesse tipo celular, tanto in vivo quanto in vitro, já são utilizados para produção estratégica e viável de proteínas recombinantes biologicamente ativas. Assim, tanto o estabelecimento de novas linhagens de células mamárias que apresentem boa expressão protéica quanto o desenvolvimento de sistemas in vivo que utilizem a estrutura da glândula mamária para essa produção de proteínas recombinantes são de grande valia. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar dois métodos de estabelecimento de uma cultura de células de glândula mamárias ovinas, enzimático e não enzimático, e verificar sua capacidade de expressão das proteínas do leite β-lactoglobulina, α-caseína, β-caseína e κ-caseína mediante o tratamento com SFB (soro fetal bovino) ou SOL (soro de ovelha lactante), na presença ou não de Matrigel. Para isso, foi realizado um experimento in vitro, no qual foi estabelecido o cultivo celular até a passagem 12 (P12) de duas linhagens celulares: digerida (LD) e não digerida (LND). Para a LD na P12 foi observado apenas um tipo celular, o qual era positivo para a marcação com vimentina. Essa linhagem apresentou expressão gênica de β-caseína e β-lactoglobulina apenas quando tratada com meio de cultivo acrescido de SFB, sendo a expressão inferior (P=0,001) ao grupo da LND submetido ao mesmo tratamento. Já a LND, quando tratada com meio adicionado com SFB expressou κ-caseína além da β-caseína e β-lactoglobulina. A troca do SFB do meio de cultivo por SOL aumentou a expressão gênica de β-lactoglobulina (P=0,001) para ambas linhagens. Foi realizada a curva de crescimento para LD e LND na P12 com o meio de cultivo acrescido com SFB ou SOL. Para a LND observou-se o efeito do meio na velocidade de crescimento celular, sendo que foi maior para o grupo tratado com SFB (P<0,05). Para a LD, não ocorreu o efeito do meio na velocidade de crescimento celular (P>0,05), não sendo observada diferença com a LND tratada com SOL (P>0,05). A LND apresentou marcação positiva para a presença de vimentina e citoqueratina. Este trabalho visou, ainda, estabelecer um sistema de produção da EPOrh no leite de ovelhas não transgênicas pela técnica de infusão intra-mamária in vivo de dois plasmídeos diferentes e verificar a secreção qualitativa desta proteína por Western-blotting. Assim, foi feito um experimento in vivo no qual glândulas mamárias de ovelhas foram transfectadas com dois plasmídeos diferentes: ALAC (n=2), BGL (n=2) e controle negativo (n=2). Após a infusão dos plasmídeos, foi realizada a eletroporação de cada teto (3 choques de 500 volts com a duração de 15ms cada, sendo realizada a inversão da polaridade). Os animais foram ordenhados durante 20 dias após a transfecção, porém não foi possível detectar a presença de EPOrh nas amostras de leite analisadas. O limiar de detecção do teste utilizado foi de 67,5pg de EPOrh (Eritromax®) em leite controle negativo de ovelha. Concluindo, foi possível estabelecer o cultivo in vitro das LD e LND com capacidade de expressar proteínas do leite, sendo a expressão da β-lactoglobulina aumentada pelo tratamento com SOL. Ambas as linhagens apresentaram marcação positiva para vimentina, mas apenas LND para citoqueratina. Ainda, para o experimento in vivo, não foi possível detectar a expressão de EPOrh no leite das ovelhas transfectadas com os plasmídeos ALAC e BGL. / Some post-translational modifications are necessary for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins, such as recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), with a good specific action and a high biological activity. These modifications are obtained only by bioreactors based on eukaryotic cell as mammary cells. Bioreactors, in vivo or in vitro, with this kind of cell have been used for a viable and strategic production of biologically active recombinant proteins. For this reason, the establishment of a new line of mammary cells with high milk protein expression and the development of systems for production of recombinant proteins by the mammary gland in vivo are essential studies. One of the main objectives of this study was to compare two methods, enzymatic and non-enzymatic, to establish ovine mammary cells culture and verify their gene expression of milk proteins such as β-lactoglobulin, α-casein, β-casein and κ-casein with different treatments: LOS (lactating ovine serum) or FBS (fetal bovine serum) added to the culture medium, in the presence or absence of Matrigel®. In this manner, an in vitro study was performed and the culture of two lines were established, digested (DL) and non-digested (NDL), of ovine mammary cell until the passage 12 (P12). In DL was observed just one cellular type that was positive for staining with vimentin. This cell line expressed β-lactoglobulin and β-casein genes with the FBS treatment and without Matrigel. The gene expression was lower (P=0,001) when compared to the NDL under the same conditions of culture. Then, the NDL expressed β-lactoglobulin, β-casein and κ-casein genes when treated with FBS without Matrigel. The treatment with LOS in the culture medium increased the gene expression of β-lactoglobulin for both cell lines. The growth curve was determined with both cell lines in P12 with FBS or LOS treatment. For the NDL, the type of medium had effect on the cell growth speed and was highest with the FBS treatment (P<0,05). However, the medium did not have effect on growth speed of LD (P>0,05) and no difference was observed at the NDL treated with LOS (P>0,05). The NDL was positive for staining with vimentin and cytokeratin. The second main objective of this study was to establish an in vivo system for the production of rhEPO in milk of non-transgenic ewes by the intra-mammary infusion of two different plasmids and verify the qualitative milk secretion of this protein by western-blotting. In this way, in the in vivo experiment ovine mammary glands were transfected with two different plasmids: ALAC (n=2), BGL (n=2) and negative control (n=2). Each half udder was filled with plasmid solution and three 3 electric pulses of 500 volts were applied for 15ms each, followed by another three pulses with reversed polarity. The three animals were milked for 20 days after transfection, nevertheless it was not possible to identify rhEPO in any milk sample. The test threshold to identify rhEPO (Eritromax®) in milk from a negative control animal was 67,5pg. In conclusion, the in vitro culture of NDL and DL was established up to the P12 with expression of milk protein and the LOS treatment increased the expression of β-lactoglobulin. The two cell lines culture were positive for staining of vimentina but only NDL was positive for cytokeratin. In the in vivo experiment, rhEPO secretion was not detected in the milk from ewes transfected with ALAC and BGL plasmids.
23

Geração de novas variantes de fator IX recombinante humano com aumento da sua atividade biológica / Generation of novel recombinant human factor IX variants with enhanced clotting activity

Bomfim, Aline de Sousa 26 April 2018 (has links)
O Fator IX (FIX) da coagulação sanguínea é uma proteína dependente de vitamina K de grande valor farmacêutico no tratamento da hemofilia B, o qual é baseado na administração de FIX derivado de plasma humano ou FIX recombinante. A terapia baseada nestas abordagens apresenta limitações como os altos custos e a baixa disponibilidade para a população de hemofílicos. O FIX é uma proteína complexa com grande variedade de modificações pós-traducionais e, por isso, apresenta baixa atividade específica e produtividade. A produção de um FIX recombinante com aumento na sua atividade coagulante pode contribuir para terapias de reposição e gênica mais eficazes nas quais quantidades menores das moléculas cataliticamente melhoradas serão necessárias para se obter os benefícios terapêuticos do FIX. Essa infusão diminuída poderá reduzir ou eliminar a geração de inibidores de FIX, minimizando os efeitos colaterais e reduzindo os custos do tratamento, sendo um dos desafios atuais no tratamento da hemofilia B. Nesse contexto, a engenharia genética tem se tornado uma ferramenta importante na modificação de proteínas de interesse farmacêutico visando a melhora das suas propriedades bioquímicas e biofísicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver novas variantes de FIX recombinante humano com aumento da sua atividade biológica. Para isso, fizemos um estudo detalhado da estrutura da proteína FIX e geramos três variantes FIX-YKALW, FIX-ALL e FIX-LLW, utilizando a técnica de mutagênese sítio dirigida. Essas variantes foram expressas em células humanas SK-Hep-1 tratadas com vitamina K e as proteínas foram caracterizadas in vitro e in vivo. A quantidade de FIX total secretada no sobrenadante celular foi similar entre as variantes FIX-YKALW e FIX-LLW (3,2 ?g/mL), enquanto FIX-ALL apresentou a menor expressão (1,8 ?g/mL), quantidades 2-3 vezes menores que de FIX controle (FIX-WT). Entretanto, a atividade biológica das variantes foi, em média, 6,2 vezes maior que FIX-WT, com atividade específica 11 vezes maior para FIX-YKALW e FIX-LLW e 24 vezes maior para FIX-ALL. FIX-YKALW apresentou a melhor geração de trombina in vitro dentre as variantes e destacou-se na avaliação da eficiência hemostática em camundongos hemofílicos B, na qual uma dose 5 vezes menor que a recomendada de FIX foi suficiente para promover uma resposta pró-coagulante. Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas 3 novas variantes de FIX recombinante humano com maior atividade específica que o fator disponível no Sistema Único de Sáude. O FIX-ALL apresentou-se como a proteína mais potente in vitro descrita até o momento e FIX-YKALW como a mais promissora, dentre as mutantes desenvolvidas, na proteção hemostática in vivo. Estudos complementares são necessários para transpor a barreira da pesquisa para a utilização desses novos fatores de coagulação no tratamento da hemofilia B. Entretanto, esse trabalho apresenta novas proteínas com potencial de serem usadas na combinação com a terapia gênica bem como na terapia de reposição / Blood coagulation factor IX is a vitamin K-dependent protein, and it has become a valuable pharmaceutical in the treatment of hemophilia B which is based on the plasma-derived coagulation factor or recombinant protein. Coagulation therapy based on these approaches has limitations as high costs and low availability to hemophilic population. FIX is a complex protein with a wide variety of post-translational modifications and, therefore, presents low specific activity and productivity. The production of recombinant FIX with enhanced coagulant activity may contribute to more effective protein replacement and gene therapies in which reduced amounts of catalytically improved molecules will be required to obtain the therapeutic benefits of FIX. This fewer infusion may reduce or eliminate the generation of FIX inhibitors, minimizing side effects and reducing treatment costs. It is one of the current challenges for hemophilia B treatment. In this context, bioengineering has become an important tool for pharmaceutical interest protein modification to improve its biochemical and biophysical properties. This study focused on development of new recombinant human FIX variants with augmented clotting activity. We performed a detailed study of FIX protein structure and generated three variants, FIX-YKALW, FIX-ALL and FIX-LLW, using site-directed mutagenesis. Such variants were expressed in SK-Hep-1 cells treated with vitamin K and they were characterized in vitro and in vivo. The amount of FIX secreted in the cell supernatant was similar between FIX-YKALW and FIX-LLW (3.2 ?g/mL), whereas FIX-ALL displayed the lowest expression (1.8 ?g/mL), 2-3 times lower than FIX-wild-type (FIX-WT). However, the clotting activities of FIX variants were 6.2 times greater than FIX-WT. FIX-YKALW e FIX-LLW showed 11-fold higher specific activity and FIX-ALL showed 24-fold higher specific activity. FIX-YKALW displayed the greatest generation of thrombin in vitro among variants and was highlighted in the evaluation of haemostatic efficiency in hemophiliac B mice, in which a dose 5 times lower than the recommended FIX replacement therapy was enough to promote a procoagulant response. We generated 3 novel recombinant human FIX variants with enhanced specific activity than FIX available on the health system. FIX-ALL with higher in-vitro potency than any other known hyperfunctional FIX variant and FIX-YKALW as the most promising variant, among the generated mutants, for in-vivo haemostatic protection. Further studies are required to overcome the barrier to research for application of new coagulation factors on hemophilia B treatment. However, we have presented new proteins with potential for therapeutic use combined with gene therapy as well as in protein replacement therapy.
24

Modelos para a produção de eritropoietina recombinante humana in vivo e in vitro com vetores plasmideais em ovinos / Models for the production of human recombinant erythropoietin in vivo and in vitro with plasmidial vectors in ovine

Mariana Ianello Giassetti 24 February 2011 (has links)
Para produção de biofármacos protéicos, como a eritropoietina recombinante humana (EPOrh), são necessárias alterações pós-traducionais adequadas que garantam a sua especificidade e atividade biológica. Essas características são obtidas apenas em biorretores baseados em células eucarióticas, como as da glândula mamária. Sistemas baseados nesse tipo celular, tanto in vivo quanto in vitro, já são utilizados para produção estratégica e viável de proteínas recombinantes biologicamente ativas. Assim, tanto o estabelecimento de novas linhagens de células mamárias que apresentem boa expressão protéica quanto o desenvolvimento de sistemas in vivo que utilizem a estrutura da glândula mamária para essa produção de proteínas recombinantes são de grande valia. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar dois métodos de estabelecimento de uma cultura de células de glândula mamárias ovinas, enzimático e não enzimático, e verificar sua capacidade de expressão das proteínas do leite β-lactoglobulina, α-caseína, β-caseína e κ-caseína mediante o tratamento com SFB (soro fetal bovino) ou SOL (soro de ovelha lactante), na presença ou não de Matrigel. Para isso, foi realizado um experimento in vitro, no qual foi estabelecido o cultivo celular até a passagem 12 (P12) de duas linhagens celulares: digerida (LD) e não digerida (LND). Para a LD na P12 foi observado apenas um tipo celular, o qual era positivo para a marcação com vimentina. Essa linhagem apresentou expressão gênica de β-caseína e β-lactoglobulina apenas quando tratada com meio de cultivo acrescido de SFB, sendo a expressão inferior (P=0,001) ao grupo da LND submetido ao mesmo tratamento. Já a LND, quando tratada com meio adicionado com SFB expressou κ-caseína além da β-caseína e β-lactoglobulina. A troca do SFB do meio de cultivo por SOL aumentou a expressão gênica de β-lactoglobulina (P=0,001) para ambas linhagens. Foi realizada a curva de crescimento para LD e LND na P12 com o meio de cultivo acrescido com SFB ou SOL. Para a LND observou-se o efeito do meio na velocidade de crescimento celular, sendo que foi maior para o grupo tratado com SFB (P<0,05). Para a LD, não ocorreu o efeito do meio na velocidade de crescimento celular (P>0,05), não sendo observada diferença com a LND tratada com SOL (P>0,05). A LND apresentou marcação positiva para a presença de vimentina e citoqueratina. Este trabalho visou, ainda, estabelecer um sistema de produção da EPOrh no leite de ovelhas não transgênicas pela técnica de infusão intra-mamária in vivo de dois plasmídeos diferentes e verificar a secreção qualitativa desta proteína por Western-blotting. Assim, foi feito um experimento in vivo no qual glândulas mamárias de ovelhas foram transfectadas com dois plasmídeos diferentes: ALAC (n=2), BGL (n=2) e controle negativo (n=2). Após a infusão dos plasmídeos, foi realizada a eletroporação de cada teto (3 choques de 500 volts com a duração de 15ms cada, sendo realizada a inversão da polaridade). Os animais foram ordenhados durante 20 dias após a transfecção, porém não foi possível detectar a presença de EPOrh nas amostras de leite analisadas. O limiar de detecção do teste utilizado foi de 67,5pg de EPOrh (Eritromax®) em leite controle negativo de ovelha. Concluindo, foi possível estabelecer o cultivo in vitro das LD e LND com capacidade de expressar proteínas do leite, sendo a expressão da β-lactoglobulina aumentada pelo tratamento com SOL. Ambas as linhagens apresentaram marcação positiva para vimentina, mas apenas LND para citoqueratina. Ainda, para o experimento in vivo, não foi possível detectar a expressão de EPOrh no leite das ovelhas transfectadas com os plasmídeos ALAC e BGL. / Some post-translational modifications are necessary for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins, such as recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), with a good specific action and a high biological activity. These modifications are obtained only by bioreactors based on eukaryotic cell as mammary cells. Bioreactors, in vivo or in vitro, with this kind of cell have been used for a viable and strategic production of biologically active recombinant proteins. For this reason, the establishment of a new line of mammary cells with high milk protein expression and the development of systems for production of recombinant proteins by the mammary gland in vivo are essential studies. One of the main objectives of this study was to compare two methods, enzymatic and non-enzymatic, to establish ovine mammary cells culture and verify their gene expression of milk proteins such as β-lactoglobulin, α-casein, β-casein and κ-casein with different treatments: LOS (lactating ovine serum) or FBS (fetal bovine serum) added to the culture medium, in the presence or absence of Matrigel®. In this manner, an in vitro study was performed and the culture of two lines were established, digested (DL) and non-digested (NDL), of ovine mammary cell until the passage 12 (P12). In DL was observed just one cellular type that was positive for staining with vimentin. This cell line expressed β-lactoglobulin and β-casein genes with the FBS treatment and without Matrigel. The gene expression was lower (P=0,001) when compared to the NDL under the same conditions of culture. Then, the NDL expressed β-lactoglobulin, β-casein and κ-casein genes when treated with FBS without Matrigel. The treatment with LOS in the culture medium increased the gene expression of β-lactoglobulin for both cell lines. The growth curve was determined with both cell lines in P12 with FBS or LOS treatment. For the NDL, the type of medium had effect on the cell growth speed and was highest with the FBS treatment (P<0,05). However, the medium did not have effect on growth speed of LD (P>0,05) and no difference was observed at the NDL treated with LOS (P>0,05). The NDL was positive for staining with vimentin and cytokeratin. The second main objective of this study was to establish an in vivo system for the production of rhEPO in milk of non-transgenic ewes by the intra-mammary infusion of two different plasmids and verify the qualitative milk secretion of this protein by western-blotting. In this way, in the in vivo experiment ovine mammary glands were transfected with two different plasmids: ALAC (n=2), BGL (n=2) and negative control (n=2). Each half udder was filled with plasmid solution and three 3 electric pulses of 500 volts were applied for 15ms each, followed by another three pulses with reversed polarity. The three animals were milked for 20 days after transfection, nevertheless it was not possible to identify rhEPO in any milk sample. The test threshold to identify rhEPO (Eritromax®) in milk from a negative control animal was 67,5pg. In conclusion, the in vitro culture of NDL and DL was established up to the P12 with expression of milk protein and the LOS treatment increased the expression of β-lactoglobulin. The two cell lines culture were positive for staining of vimentina but only NDL was positive for cytokeratin. In the in vivo experiment, rhEPO secretion was not detected in the milk from ewes transfected with ALAC and BGL plasmids.
25

Bioprocess Development For Therapeutical Protein Production

Celik Akdur, Eda 01 December 2008 (has links) (PDF)
In this study, it was aimed to develop a bioprocess using the Pichia pastoris expression system as an alternative to the mammalian system used in industry, for production of the therapeutically important glycoprotein, erythropoietin, and to form stoichiometric and kinetic models. Firstly, the human EPO gene, fused with a polyhistidine-tag and factor-Xa protease target site, in which cleavage produces the native termini of EPO, was integrated to AOX1 locus of P. pastoris. The Mut+ strain having the highest rHuEPO production capacity was selected. The glycosylation profile of rHuEPO was characterized by MALDI-ToF MS and Western blotting. The native polypeptide form of human EPO was obtained for the first time in P. pastoris expression system, after affinity-purification, deglycosylation and factor-Xa protease digestion. Thereafter, effects of medium components and pH on rHuEPO production and cell growth were investigated in laboratory-scale bioreactors. Sorbitol was shown to increase production efficiency when added as a co-substrate. Moreover, a cheap alternative nutrient, the byproduct of biodiesel industry, crude-glycerol, was suggested for the first time for P. pastoris fermentations. Furthermore, methanol feeding strategy was investigated in fed-batch pilot-scale bioreactors, producing 70 g L-1 biomass and 130 mg L-1 rHuEPO at t=24h. Moreover, metabolic flux analysis by using the stoichiometric model formed, which consisted of m=102 metabolites and n=141 reactions, proved useful in further understanding the P. pastoris metabolism. Finally, the first structured kinetic model formed for r-protein production with P. pastoris successfully predicted cell growth, substrate consumption and r-product production rates, where rHuEPO production kinetics was associated with AOX production and proteolytic degradation.
26

Effects Of Carbon Sources And Feeding Strategies On Human Growth Hormone Production By Metabolically Engineered Pichia Pastoris

Acik, Eda 01 August 2009 (has links) (PDF)
In this study, effects of different carbon sources and their feeding strategies on recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) production by Pichia pastoris were investigated by means of cell growth, recombinant protein production and expression levels of hGH and alcohol oxidase (AOX) genes. In this content, firstly, the strain to be used for high level rhGH production was selected between the two phenotypes, i.e., P. pastoris hGH-Mut+ and P. pastoris hGH-MutS. In this selection both phenotypes were compared in two different media containing glycerol/methanol or sorbitol/methanol and P. pastoris-hGH-Mut+ strain grown on medium containing 30 g/L sorbitol with 1% (v/v) methanol was found to have the highest hGH expression level and rhGH production level, 9.84x109 copies/mg CDW and 120 mg/L, respectively. Thereafter, effects of sorbitol, mannitol, fructose, lactose, sucrose, citric acid, lactic acid and acetic acid were investigated by using P. pastoris hGH-Mut+ strain in laboratory scale bioreactors. Among them sorbitol and sucrose were selected to be compared for production in pilot scale bioreactors by adding them batch-wise at the beginning of induction phase with fed batch methanol feeding scheme at &amp / #956 / =0.03h-1. It was shown that sucrose does not support cell growth as sorbitol although it does not repress recombinant protein production. Then three different feeding strategies were applied to develop sorbitol/methanol mixed feeding i) single sorbitol addition at t=0, ii) besides at t=0, adding second batch-wise sorbitol at t=9 h, iii) giving pulse methanol at t=24 h to trigger AOX promoter. These three strategies were compared with a production without addition of co-substrate sorbitol. Substrate consumption, cell growth, recombinant protein production and expression levels of hGH and AOX were investigated for these different feeding strategies. The highest cell concentration was achieved in third strategy as 55 g/L where the highest extracellular rhGH production (301 mg/L) was achieved in the second strategy, with addition of two times of sorbitol. For this highest recombinant protein production case, overall cell and product yield on total substrate were found as 0.17 g/g and 1.71 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the highest hGH and AOX expression levels were obtained in this strategy.
27

Insulin secretion dynamics of recombinant hepatic and intestinal cells

Gulino, Angela Marie 31 March 2008 (has links)
Hepatic and intestinal endocrine cells are potentially helpful targets for recombinant insulin expression. As the two cell types exhibit different secretion kinetics,it has been hypothesized that a combination of the two would better approximate insulin secretion kinetics from normal, functioning beta-cells than either cell type alone. This hypothesis was tested using two hepatic cell lines transiently transduced with one of three adenoviruses for insulin expression along with a stably transfected recombinant intestinal L cell line. The insulin secretion kinetics were analyzed for both the hepatic and intestinal cells to determine the potential of combining them to reproduce the insulin secretion kinetics of a normal, functioning beta-cell. It was observed that the two recombinant hepatic cell lines secreted insulin in a more sustained manner exhibiting slower release kinetics. They also exhibited an increase in insulin secretion when stimulated by the cocktail of nutrient secretagogues (glucose and meat hydrolysate) versus stimulating with only glucose. The cells transduced with the adenovirus containing an additional cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter and green fluorescent protein (GFP) exhibited the highest insulin secretion after stimulation, whereas the cells transduced with an adenovirus encoding for destabilized preproinsulin mRNA exhibited the lowest secretion rates. The recombinant intestinal cell line (GLUTag-INS) secreted insulin with rapid kinetics upon stimulation, apparently due to the presence of secretory granules containing pre-synthesized insulin. The experiments demonstrated that the cells stimulated with medium containing only meat hydrolysate exhibited a significantly higher insulin secretion relative to secretagogue-free controls. The insulin secretion was not further enhanced when meat hydrolysate was combined with glucose.
28

Osseointegration of Temporary Anchorage Devices Using Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2

Cruz, Erin E 01 May 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Over the past 5 years, the use of titanium implants as temporary anchorage devices (TADs) has become an important tool in clinical orthodontic practices. The use of TADs have provided orthodontists a way of moving teeth against fixed objects rather than against the surrounding teeth, which tend to counteract desired motion. At present, viable attachment of TADs involves direct insertion through gingival tissue and piercing of the bone. Surface modifications such as sandblasted and acid-etched treatment or bone morphogenetic protein surface treatment, however, can be applied to the TADs to promote enhanced osseointegration, thereby allowing the TADs to serve as stable anchors while avoiding bone puncture. In this study, a comparison was made between sandblasted/acid-etched TADs and sandblasted/acid-etched/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) treated TADs to determine whether rhBMP-2 promotes enhanced osseointegration. A total of 10 rats (4 controls and 6 treated with rhBMP-2) were used in the study, with 1 TAD placed on the skull of each rat. At the end of 6 weeks, the animals were euthanized by carbon dioxide asphyxiation, and bone blocks, each containing a TAD, were prepared for histological examination and biomechanical characterization. The results of this study showed that TADs treated with rhBMP-2 had greater bone formation at the bone-implant interface and an increase in total implant stability.
29

ESTUDO DE MÉTODOS CROMATOGRÁFICOS PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE POTÊNCIA DE FILGRASTIMA E CORRELAÇÃO COM ENSAIO BIOLÓGICO / STUDY OF CHROMATOGRAPHYC METHODS FOR THE POTENCY EVALUATION OF FILGRASTIM AND CORRELATION WITH BIOLOGICAL ASSAY

Masiero, Silvia Maria Krug 23 June 2006 (has links)
The granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine that stimulates and regulates the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophil precursor cells of the bone marrow. The recombinant hormone (rhG-CSF) non-glycosylated, filgrastim, is used to treat the neutropenia induced by chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantion. The identification and characterization was carried out by electrophoresis and western blotting, showing the typical band in the region of 18.8 kDa. The neutropenia mouse bioassay was standardized with the BALB/c strain, previously treated with ifosfamide and used for the potency assessment of pharmaceutical products. A gradient reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) was validated for the analysis of rhG-CSF in pharmaceutical formulations. The LC method was carried out on a Jupiter C4 column 300 Å (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.), maintained at ambient temperature. The mobile phase A consisted of water:acetonitrila (90:10, v/v) with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and the mobile phase B was water:acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, run at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min with detection at 280 nm. The chromatographic separation was obtained with the retention time of 31.9 minutes and the method was linear in the range of 10 300 μg/mL. Validation parameters such as sensitivity, precision, accuracy, detection limit, quantitation limit and robustness were evaluated giving results in the acceptable range. The specificity was evaluated by the peak purity of the rhG-CSF biological reference preparation subjected to oxidative conditions. The proposed method was applied for the analysis of filgrastim pharmaceutical products, evaluating the sulphoxides and deamidates forms as well. Moreover, the size-exclusion chromatography (SE-LC) was performed for the potency evaluation of 7 filgrastim, dimers and high-molecular-mass forms. Samples of pharmaceutical formulations were subjected to aggregation, degradation and than each one evaluated by the neutropenia mouse bioassay giving biological activities of 14.60%, 13.47% and 15.63%, for the dimers, high-molecular-mass substances and the sulphoxides/deamidates, respectively. The pharmaceutical samples were analysed by the chromatographyc methods and compared to the bioassay showing mean difference between the estimated potencies of 2.04% lower for the RP-LC, and 4.03% lower for the SE-LC, with significant correlation (p>0.05). Due to the reduced bioactivity of the rhG-CSF-related proteins, the SE-LC is proposed in combination with the RP-LC as an alternative to the bioassay for the potency assessment of filgrastim in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The alternative established represents a contribution towards the replacement of the animals improving the quality control and assuring the safety and efficacy of the biological product. / O fator estimulador da colônia de granulócitos humanos é uma citocina hematopoiética que estimula e regula a proliferação e diferenciação de células precursoras de neutrófilos da medula óssea. O hormônio recombinante (rhG-CSF) sob a forma nãoglicosilada, filgrastima, é usado para o tratamento de neutropenias. Realizou-se a identificação de filgrastima em produtos farmacêuticos por eletroforese, transferência e detecção com anticorpos específicos, demonstrando-se banda única na região de peso molecular de, aproximadamente, 18,8 kDa. Avaliou-se a atividade pelo ensaio biológico da neutropenia em camundongos da linhagem BALB/c, pré-tratados com ifosfamida. Desenvolveu-se e validou-se o método por cromatografia líquida em fase reversa (CL-FR), utilizando coluna Júpiter C4 300 Å (250 mm x 4,6 mm, i.d.), mantida a temperatura ambiente. A fase móvel A foi constituída de água/acetonitrila (90:10, V/V)/ 0,1% ácido trifluoroacético e a fase móvel B de água/acetonitrila (20:80, V/V)/ 0,1% ácido trifluoroacético, eluída em gradiente na vazão de 0,5 mL/min com detecção no ultravioleta a 280 nm. A análise cromatográfica viabilizou a separação da filgrastima no tempo de retenção de 31,9 min, sendo linear na faixa de concentração de 10 300 μg/mL. Avaliaram-se os parâmetros de precisão, exatidão, limite de detecção, limite de quantificação e robustez. Estudou-se também a especificidade, através da determinação da pureza do pico da Substância biológica de referência de rhG-CSF, submetida à degradação sob condições oxidativas. O método proposto foi utilizado para análise de filgrastima em produtos farmacêuticos, determinando-se as formas de sulfóxidos e desamidados. Paralelamente, efetuaram-se avaliações de potência por cromatografia líquida por exclusão molecular (CL-EM), determinando as formas diméricas e de alta massa molecular. Amostras de produtos farmacêuticos foram submetidas a condições de agregação e degradação e, então, avaliadas pelo bioensaio da neutropenia em 5 camundongos, obtendo-se atividades biológicas de 14,60%, 13,47% e 15,63%, para os dímeros, substâncias de alta massa molecular e sulfóxidos/desamidados, respectivamente. Estudou-se a correlação entre métodos e demonstrou-se que as análises dos produtos farmacêuticos forneceram diferenças médias 2,04% menor por CL-FR, e significativa de 4,03% menor por CL-EM, em relação ao ensaio biológico. Devido à reduzida bioatividade das formas alteradas, conclui-se sugerindo a adoção do método por CL-EM para a avaliação de potência de filgrastima, em combinação com CL-FR. Desse modo, estabeleceu-se alternativa no contexto da substituição do uso de animais, contribuindo para aprimorar o controle da qualidade, garantindo a segurança e eficácia terapêutica do produto biológico.
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DESENVOLVIMENTO E VALIDAÇÃO DE MÉTODO CROMATOGRÁFICO PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE POTÊNCIA DE ERITROPOIETINA HUMANA RECOMBINANTE. CORRELAÇÃO COM O ENSAIO BIOLÓGICO / DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE POTENCY ASSESSMENT OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN ERYTHROPOIETIN. CORRELATION WITH THE BIOLOGICAL ASSAY

Barth, Thiago 10 April 2007 (has links)
Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein which stimulates the erythropoiesis, clinically used for the treatment of renal anaemia. The biological and chromatographic methods for the potency evaluation of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in pharmaceutical products were validated in the present work. The normocythaemic mice bioassay was carried out in female BALB/c strain, with multiple injections schedule and reticulocytes counted by automated flow cytometry. The dose-response curve was linear (r2=0.9708) in the concentration range of 1 to 64 IU/mL. A reversed-phase liquid chromatography method (RP-LC) was developed and validated using a Jupiter C4 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm), maintained at ambient temperature (25°C). The mobile phase A consisted of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and mobile phase B consisted of 0.08% TFA:acetonitrile (30:70, v/v), run in linear gradient: 0.1-60 min, 0.1-100% of B at flow rate of 0.5 mL/min with detection at 280 nm. The chromatographic separation was obtained within 60 min and it was linear (r2=0.9997) in the concentration range of 10-150 μg/mL. The procedures were validated evaluating parameters such as, the specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and limit of quantitation, as well as, the limit of detection evaluated in the validation of the chromatographic method. The methods were applied for the potency evaluation of the alfa and beta rhEPO in pharmaceutical products, which were analysed by the chromatographic method and compared to the bioassay showing mean differences between the estimated potencies of 11.2% higher for the RP-LC. The alternative established represents a contribution towards the replacement of the animals improving the quality control and assuring the safety and efficacy of the biological product. / Eritropoietina é uma glicoproteína que estimula a eritropoiese e é usada clinicamente para o tratamento de anemias associadas à falência renal crônica. No presente trabalho foram validados métodos biológico e cromatográfico para a avaliação de potência de eritropoietina humana recombinante (rhEPO) em produtos farmacêuticos. O ensaio biológico foi validado em camundongos normocitêmicos, fêmeas, da linhagem BALB/c, com protocolo de injeções múltiplas e contagem automatizada dos reticulócitos por citometria de fluxo. A curva doseresposta foi linear (r2=0,9708) na faixa de concentração de 1 a 64 UI/mL. Paralelamente, desenvolveu-se e validou-se método por cromatografia líquida em fase reversa (CL-FR) empregando coluna Júpiter C4 (250 mm x 4,6 mm), mantida a temperatura ambiente (25°C). A fase móvel A foi composta de ácido trifluoracético 0,1% e a fase móvel B composta de acetonitrila/ácido trifluoracético 0,08% (70:30, v/v), eluída em gradiente linear: 0,1 60 min, 0 100% de B, na vazão de 0,5 mL/min e detecção no ultravioleta a 280 nm. A separação cromatográfica foi obtida no tempo de 60 min, sendo linear (r2=0,9997) na faixa de concentração de 10-150 μg/mL. Ambos procedimentos foram validados com base nos parâmetros de especificidade, linearidade, precisão, exatidão, robustez e limite de quantificação, bem como limite de detecção, avaliado na validação do método cromatográfico. Os métodos foram aplicados na avaliação de potência de rhEPO alfa e beta em produtos farmacêuticos e estudou-se a correlação entre os métodos. Demonstrou-se que as análises dos produtos farmacêuticos forneceram diferenças médias de potência 11,2 % superiores para o CL-FR. Desse modo, estabeleceu-se alternativa no contexto da substituição do uso de animais, contribuindo para aprimorar o controle da qualidade, garantindo a segurança e eficácia terapêutica do produto biológico.Eritropoietina é uma glicoproteína que estimula a eritropoiese e é usada clinicamente para o tratamento de anemias associadas à falência renal crônica. No presente trabalho foram validados métodos biológico e cromatográfico para a avaliação de potência de eritropoietina humana recombinante (rhEPO) em produtos farmacêuticos. O ensaio biológico foi validado em camundongos normocitêmicos, fêmeas, da linhagem BALB/c, com protocolo de injeções múltiplas e contagem automatizada dos reticulócitos por citometria de fluxo. A curva doseresposta foi linear (r2=0,9708) na faixa de concentração de 1 a 64 UI/mL. Paralelamente, desenvolveu-se e validou-se método por cromatografia líquida em fase reversa (CL-FR) empregando coluna Júpiter C4 (250 mm x 4,6 mm), mantida a temperatura ambiente (25°C). A fase móvel A foi composta de ácido trifluoracético 0,1% e a fase móvel B composta de acetonitrila/ácido trifluoracético 0,08% (70:30, v/v), eluída em gradiente linear: 0,1 60 min, 0 100% de B, na vazão de 0,5 mL/min e detecção no ultravioleta a 280 nm. A separação cromatográfica foi obtida no tempo de 60 min, sendo linear (r2=0,9997) na faixa de concentração de 10-150 μg/mL. Ambos procedimentos foram validados com base nos parâmetros de especificidade, linearidade, precisão, exatidão, robustez e limite de quantificação, bem como limite de detecção, avaliado na validação do método cromatográfico. Os métodos foram aplicados na avaliação de potência de rhEPO alfa e beta em produtos farmacêuticos e estudou-se a correlação entre os métodos. Demonstrou-se que as análises dos produtos farmacêuticos forneceram diferenças médias de potência 11,2 % superiores para o CL-FR. Desse modo, estabeleceu-se alternativa no contexto da substituição do uso de animais, contribuindo para aprimorar o controle da qualidade, garantindo a segurança e eficácia terapêutica do produto biológico.

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