The purpose of this research was to provide an understanding of past efforts to predict recreation choice behavior. Additionally, from this past research in recreation and in the fields of psychology and consumer behavior, a lexicographic semi-order model was selected and tested for applicability in approximating recreation site choices. Testinq this model required initial work in deciding upon physical, social, and managerial attributes of a recreation site which may be relevant to a choice decision. A framework was developed to analyze the multitude of studies dealing with recreation site attributes. Using a microcomputer based data collection instrument in a laboratory situation, the lexicographic semi-order choice model was found to be successful in predicting the elimination of alternatives from a choice set. There was a negative relationship between the level of experience an individual had in backcountry use in the Southern Appalachians and the specificity with which they perceived attributes of the resource. The lexicographic semi-order choice model appears to be a feasible format for developing microcomputer-based decision aids for backcountry recreation site selection. / Ph. D.

This exploratory study aims to elucidate the mental processes of wayfinding in an outdoor area and the effects of map contour representations, map color, individual differences of users (gender, brain dominance, experience level, and cultural differences), and environmental cues using a field study in an established trail network in Jefferson National Forest. Six maps with three different contour representations (contour lines, shaded relief, and schematic) and two color codes (color and black-and-white) were tested for wayfinding performance. Thirty-six participants of different nationalities (Locals versus Internationals), experience in map usage (experienced versus novice), handedness, and gender took part in the study. Three out of ten junctions on the test route had directional signs while the rest had no sign. The participants performed wayfinding tasks in a national forest trail park, using the think aloud and retrospective protocols to obtain the information processes used by the participants during wayfinding. Subjective feedback was also obtained to find out users' map preferences and opinions on their experience during the experiment. Multiple regression analyses were used to predict the relationship of the predictor variables to wayfinding performance. It was found that cultural differences and signage presence were significant predictors of decision-making accuracy at trail junctions. The rest of the predictors were not significant in predicting total time of completion, time for decision-making at junction, accuracy of decision-making, and time deviated from route due to choosing a wrong path at junction. Cultural differences were also significant in the prediction of the time deviated from route. It was also found that the participants were using maps to derived route information for wayfinding. They utilized structural matching of the map with the terrain, by orientation principle, to continuously check the current position on the map. There was some evidence of participants gaining survey knowledge from the map during wayfinding but this could not be confirmed by the study. A set of design guidelines were given for map and trail design to improve the wayfinding performance of recreational users. / Master of Science

A questionnaire was sent to 1,506 randomly selected agricultural producers and homeowners in Virginia during 1996 to determine perceptions about deer damage and management during 1995 (response rate 52%). Overall, 58% of respondents experienced damage by deer to their plantings during 1995. Producers (71%) were more likely to experience deer damage than homeowners (37%) Among farmers, producers of soybeans, tree fruits, and peanuts were most likely to experience damage and generally rated it as being more severe than that reported by others. Regardless of perceptions regarding damage, most (70%) individuals believed that Virginia's deer population should be reduced to some degree in the future. Respondents' perceptions regarding the level of damage influenced their opinion about the level to which deer populations should be reduced; those perceiving greater damage were increasingly likely to desire a dramatic decrease in Virginia's deer population. Similarly, perception about the level of damage affected a respondent's general opinion about deer; respondents who experienced severe damage also were more likely to believe that deer are a nuisance. Overall, a majority (84%) of respondents favored recreational hunting as a means to manage deer in Virginia. A respondent's gender and the situation in which they were raised (e.g., urban, rural, farm) were strongly related to preference for management options. Female respondents and those raised in more urban areas were more likely to favor "non-lethal" management options (i.e., contraception, trapping and relocating individuals, allowing nature to take its course, fencing, and repellents) than were male respondents and those raised in rural environments. Deer density in a respondent's county of residence was directly related to perception regarding deer damage and desire for future population management (e.g., reduction versus increase). A pilot study was conducted to assess the impacts of refugia on traditional deer management efforts via recreational hunting during 1996. Two study areas in Virginia were selected and, using information supplied by the county tax office, questionnaires were sent to individuals who owned land in the respective areas to determine distribution of land-uses, extent and severity of deer damage, and role of recreational hunting within each site. Deer damage was strongly related to land-use; respondents who owned lands on which some agricultural activity occurred were more likely to experience damage than respondents who owned non-agricultural lands. Respondents in each study area harvested more deer from their land than the mean harvest rate for the county in which they resided. Thus, it appears that, in some situations, deer harvest did not reduce damage to an acceptable level. The presence of local refugia theoretically had the potential to contribute to this relationship, but more research is needed to make definitive conclusions. / Master of Science

No description available.

No description available.

Inledning:I inledningen redogörs för hur köpcentrumsbranschen genomgår en förändring och behovet för upplevelser har växt fram för att fortsätta skapa värde för konsumenten. Syfte:Denna studie ämnar att undersökahur attributen atmosfär, underhållning och mat påverkar konsumentens lojalitet gentemot köpcentrum samt hur denna varierar mellan recreational-oriented consumersrespektive task-oriented consumers. Frågeställningar:Utifrån studiens syftehar följande frågeställningar formulerats: <ol type="1">Hur kan attributen atmosfär, underhållning och mat påverka kundens lojalitet gentemot köpcentrum?  Hur varierar lojalitet gentemot köpcentrum mellan recreational-oriented consumers och task-oriented consumers? Teori: I studiens teoriavsnitt presenteras mer djupgående förklaringar kring köpcentrum, upplevelse och shoppingvärde. Vidare beskrivs även attributen atmosfär, underhållning och mat samt kundtillfredsställelse, lojalitet och shopping orientations mer utförligt. Metod: Studien är baserad på en metod av kvantitativ karaktär och det har tillämpats en tvärsnittsdesign där en enkät har utformats. Det empiriska materialet har sedan analyserats med hjälp av ANOVA och korrelationsanalyser. Slutsats: Det har kunnat konstateras hur det inte räcker med en indelning i recreational-oriented och task-oriented consumers, istället har ett tredje segment upptäckts, de platsorienterade konsumenterna. Ytterligare har det även kunnat påvisas hur attributen atmosfär, underhållning och mat påverkar lojalitet gentemot köpcentrum. / Introduction:  The shopping center industry is undergoing a change. Experiences have become increasingly important in order to continue to create value for the consumer. Purpose:This study intends to examine how the attributes atmosphere, entertainment and food have an effect on the loyalty towards shopping centers.Further the study intents to examine if the loyalty varies between recreational-oriented and task-oriented consumers.  Research questions: Based on the purpose whit this study the following research questions that have been phrased:  <ol type="1">How can the atmosphere, entertainment and food attributes affect the consumer's loyalty towards shopping centers? How does loyalty towards shopping centers vary between recreational-oriented consumers and task-oriented consumers? Theory: The study's theoretical section presents more in-depth explanations about shopping centers, experiences and shopping value. Further have atmosphere, entertainment, food, consumer satisfaction, loyalty and shopping orientations been explained more profound. Method: The study is based on a method of quantitative character and a cross-sectional design has been applied where a survey has been distributed. The empirical material has been analyzed using ANOVA and correlation analysis. Conclusion: It has been discovered that the division into two shopping segments isn’t enough instead a third segment, the place-oriented, has been found. Further, do the attributes atmosphere, entertainment and food affect the loyalty towards shopping centers.

Lam Fung Ki Selina. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1998-99, design report." / Includes bibliographical references (leave 46). / Acknowledgements / Foreword / Summary / Introduction / Fisherina / Project Summary / Conclusions / Background / Outline of Process / Case Studies (Summary) / Background / Client / Users Analysis / Site Selection / Physical Conditions / Location / Problem and Oppotunities / Project Brief / Site and Constraints / Space Program / Design Guidelines / The Design / Design Development / Final Design / Bibliography / Appendix / Case Studies / Interviews / Schedule of Accomodations / Technical Studies / Vanishing Maritime Heritage / Statistics / Site Photos / Chronology

Lau Hoi Leung Hollain. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2000-2001, design report." / On double leaves. / Includes bibliographical references. / Chapter 1.0 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- The Three Elements / Chapter 2.0 --- Why designing Urban Waterfront in H.K / Chapter 2.1 --- The fascinating Harbour / Chapter 2.2 --- Performance of Urban Waterfronts in H.K. / Chapter 3.0 --- Visual Attributes of Waterfront / Chapter 3.1 --- Experience & Elements in Urban Waterfront Scenes / Chapter 3.2 --- Design Principles of Waterfront / Chapter 4.0 --- Site Selection / Chapter 4.1 --- Criteria / Chapter 4.2 --- Comparison of potential sites / Chapter 5.0 --- Site Analysis / Chapter 5.1 --- Background / Chapter 5.2 --- Topography / Chapter 5.3 --- Traffic / Chapter 5.4 --- Activity / Chapter 6.0 --- Interview with Experts / Chapter 6.1 --- "Prof. Jeff Cody, Dept of Architecture, CUHK" / Chapter 6.2 --- "Mr. Adrian Norman, Hassell Design Ltd." / Chapter 6.3 --- "Prof. Lam Kin Che, Dept of Geography, CUHK" / Chapter 7.0 --- Hypothesis / Chapter 7.1 --- Existing Conditions / Chapter 7.2 --- Future Conditions / Chapter 7.3 --- Project Brief / Chapter 7.4 --- Client & Value / Chapter 7.5 --- Users / Chapter 8.0 --- Design Programs / Chapter 8.1 --- Hawaker Market / Chapter 8.2 --- Contemporary Garden / Chapter 8.3 --- Fishing Zones / Chapter 8.4 --- Fishing Promotion Centre / Chapter 8.5 --- Food Stall / Chapter 9.0 --- Future State / Chapter 9.1 --- Mission Statement / Chapter 9.2 --- Goals / Chapter 1.0 --- Design Concepts / Chapter 1.1 --- Initial concepts / Chapter 2.0 --- Review 1 / Chapter 2.1 --- Comments / Chapter 3.0 --- Review 2 / Chapter 3.1 --- Design intention / Chapter 4.0 --- Development / Chapter 4.1 --- Development / Chapter 4.2 --- Codes and Regulation / Chapter 5.0 --- Review 3 / Chapter 5.1 --- Objective / Chapter 5.2 --- Learning / Chapter 6.0 --- Final Review / Chapter 6.1 --- Design Program / Chapter 6.2 --- Design Intention / Chapter 7.0 --- Special Studies / Chapter 7.1 --- Experiencing Movement on Water

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.T.R.P)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.

This creative project will develop a planning method for implementing concepts of ecologically sensitive recreational community design in America's southeastern low country (the coastal regions of South Carolina and Georgia). The first step in developing the method will be identifying a list of indicators measuring the ecological impact of recreational community design in the area. Secondly, the environmental impacts of planning methods if recreational communities in the low country will be analyzed and the most effective planning techniques relative to minimal environmental impact will be cultivated and integrated to formulate a single planning method. This method will subsequently be used to design a recreational community on Hutchinson Island, located on the Savannah River in Savannah, Georgia. The Hutchinson Island recreational community design will then be measured against the set of ecological indicators, and the results will then be compared against the aforementioned existing recreational communities.In the past thirty years, the popularity of the southeastern low country as both vacation destination and place of residence has increased dramatically due to a combination of factors, a beautiful environment with a favorable year-round climate, landmark developments in the area of recreational community design, and a steady growth in the wealth of our nation. As developers continue to meet the demand for housing and amenities (both recreational and commercial) in the area, the ecology, rich in biodiversity and aesthetic character is being compromised. Since development of the area shows no sign of slowing, there is a need for a planning and design methodology that is accountable for its impact on the natural environment. To thoroughly investigate the ecological realm of recreational community planning, this creative project will be limited to that area, although it is recognized that effective community planning addresses social and economic sustainability, as well as that of the environment. / Department of Landscape Architecture