<p>Because recreation is an ever changing field, research should be repeated to determine the needs of the handicapped students in the future. Enrollment patterns for special programs should also be carefully monitored to help assess needs for new or different programing. Participant and instructor evaluation at the end of each season should be carefully studied for improvement in programs to occur.</p> / Master of Education

No description available.

This case study aims to provide a description' and analysis of the therapeutic use of play and art with the child of divorce. The focus is the therapeutic process which facilitated the resolution of the themes of divorce and promoted the child's psychosocial development. The use of drawings during the assessment phase provided a deeper understanding of her experience of divorce. Client-centred play therapy complemented by art therapy facilitated the resolution of the divorce issues. The case material illustrates the use of play and art as therapeutic mediums as well as. the themes of divorce and the process of psychosocial development. The art material was analysed according to the research base used by the following contributors: Kramer (1958, 1971, 1979); Rubin (1977); Hammer (1954); Machover (1957); Goodenough (1928); Koppitz (1968); and Burns and Kaufman (1971). Plates of the child's work have been included. Each therapy session was described and analysed in terms of the themes.of divorce (Gardner, 1976; Mendell, 1983) and the child's psychosocial development (Erikson, 1963; Hamachek, 1988). The child's progress through the therapeutic process was· analysed according to Moustakas' (1955) Levels of Emotional Process. The findings were that the difficulties during the child's Trust Stage had predisposed her to later life adjustment problems. The stress of the divorce during her Initiative Stage resulted in her regressing to the Autonomy Stage which contributed to her difficulties with control and her emotional lability and fluctuating scholastic performance. The case study was written for professional people interested in child development ·with the aim of providing an understanding of the child's experience of divorce and its effects on the child's psychosocial development. By aiming to integrate m6re play and art into children's activities at home, in schools, hospitals and clinics, children will have the opportunity to optimise their own development.

No description available.

No description available.

TOPAZ, which is the Technique for the Optimal Placement of Activities in Zones, was developed to provide the urban planner with a workable tool from which he could determine the best allocation of a set of activities to a set of zones and at the same time minimize cost. The main objective of this research was to determine if TOPAZ could be applied to reservoir recreational planning, and if so, the methodology necessary for its use. An example problem which includes a hypothetical reservoir with six zones and four key recreational activities is posed for the testing of the technique. The four key recreational activities being studied are swimming, picnicking, camping and boating. The model which was developed includes three cost components which are the establishment cost, the road cost and the cost of travel. It is shown that the technique can be a powerful aid to the planner of water based recreational facilities. Not only does the model give the planner a series of near optimal allocations of activities, but by the use of the sensitivity analysis the degree of accuracy to which the data should be collected can be determined, The model is also shown to be useful when applied to non-quantifiable type decisions. The results and a discussion of the results are included along with a discussion of other possible applications of the technique as applied to recreational planning. The planner can refine the model to suit his own particular needs by modifying the data input and the associated constraint set. / Master of Science

As our way of life becomes more mobile and dependant on our mobile technologies, many of our everyday experiences become electronically mediated. Concepts such as `home' and activities like shopping change as they are separated from their physical geographic locations, and the sprawling architecture of the cultural landscape strengthens this mutation of sense of place.The first part of this thesis explores the technologies and social conditions that have led to the nascence of mediated environments (i.e. the rise of the automobile and the Internet). The second part contains a case study that describes an acute example of this technologically-borne placelessness: recreational vehicle enthusiasts that travel the highways and camp in parking lots of `big box' stores, searching for the `American dream'. The final part of the thesis describes an architectural design project created to reconnect these people to each other and to the communities they wander through. / Department of Architecture

Wong Winnie. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1998-99, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / Acknowledgement / Chapter Part 1 --- Introduction & Summary / Chapter 1. --- Issues & Goals / Chapter 1.1 --- Preamble / Chapter 1.2 --- Why Choosing North Point? / Chapter 2. --- Project Summary / Chapter 3. --- Conclusions / Chapter Part 2 --- Background / Chapter 4. --- Background & Process / Chapter 4.1 --- Methodology / Chapter 4.2 --- Background of North Point / Chapter 4.3 --- Client Profile / Chapter 4.4 --- Mission and Goals / Chapter 4.5 --- Performance Requirements and Concepts / Chapter 5. --- Precedents Studied - Summary / Chapter 6. --- Site Analysis & Selection / Chapter 6.1 --- Site Analysis / Chapter 6.2 --- Proposed Site - North Point Ferry Pier / Chapter 6.3 --- Proposed Project at Site / Chapter 7. --- Programme Development - Schedule of Activities / Chapter 7.1 --- Open Space / Chapter 7.2 --- Assembly Hall / Chapter 7.3 --- Market / Chapter 7.4 --- Waterbus Landing / Chapter Part 3 --- The Project Brief / Chapter 8. --- Site - Opportunities 8c Constraints / Chapter 8.1 --- Opportunities / Chapter 8.2 --- Constraints / Chapter 9. --- Space Program / Chapter 9.1 --- Relationship between Public Spaces / Chapter 9.2 --- Relationship between Performers'Spaces / Chapter 9.3 --- Relationship between Activities - Company Organization / Chapter 9.4 --- Relationship between Activities - Rehersal Room/Rehersal Studio / Chapter 9.5 --- Overall Relationship between Functions / Chapter 10. --- Design Guidelines / Chapter 10.1 --- Check List in Auditorium Design / Chapter 10.2 --- Visual Limitations / Chapter 10.3 --- Seating / Chapter Part 4 --- The Design / Chapter 11. --- Development of Design / Chapter 11.1 --- Conceptual Design / Chapter 11.2 --- Massing Development / Chapter 11.3 --- Schematic Design / Chapter 11.4 --- Design Development / Chapter 11.5 --- Design Refinement / Chapter 12. --- Concept Layouts / Chapter 13. --- Special Studies - Passive Energy Control / Chapter 14. --- Final Drawings / Chapter 15. --- Perspective Illustrations / Chapter 16. --- "Materials, Assemblies & Construction" / Chapter Part 5 --- Bibliography / Chapter 17. --- Bibliography / Chapter Part 6 --- Appendix / Chapter 18. --- Precedents / Chapter 18.1 --- Precedents for Urban Design / Chapter 18.2 --- Precedents for Building Design / Chapter 19. --- Surveys/Interviews / Chapter 19.1 --- Metroplan by Planning Department / Chapter 19.2 --- "Studies of Planning Department - ""Leisure Habits and Recreation Preference"" & ""Shopping Habits""" / Chapter 19.3 --- Studies of Tourist Association / Chapter 19.4 --- Studies of Census & Statistics Department - Demography / Chapter 19.5 --- Research on Cultural and Entertainment Facilities Provided by Provisional Urban Council / Chapter 19.6 --- Interviews / Chapter 20. --- Schedule of Accomodation / Chapter 20.1 --- Urban Design Level / Chapter 20.2 --- Assembly Hall / Chapter 20.3 --- Market / Chapter 20.4 --- North Point Waterbus Landing / Chapter 21. --- Site Photos / Chapter 22. --- Cost Calculation / Chapter 23. --- Code Compliance / Chapter 23.1 --- Statutory Requirements for Site Development / Chapter 23.2 --- Hong Kong Planning Standard and Guidelines / Chapter 24. --- Review - Programming Stage

The conceptualization of leisure constraints is dependent on negotiating a hierarchy of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural leisure constraints. It has become a recognizable and distinct subfield within leisure studies. Research has shown that the leisure constraints should not be necessarily viewed as insurmountable obstacles. Individuals can negotiate constraints by applying an array of coping mechanisms. Recently, Iwasaki and Schneider (2003) and Schneider and Stanis (2007) proposed that constraints negotiation and coping with stress share much in common. Leisure constraints are considered elements of stress, whereas constraint negotiation appears to share commonalities with ways of coping with stress. The distinction between negotiation and coping is that negotiation is something people have engaged in prior to participating in the activity, whereas coping involves strategies people more typically engage in during active participation (in response to unwanted or unanticipated situations). Based on past literature, I constructed a constraints-coping model to extend our understanding of constraints negotiation by integrating an understanding of coping mechanisms into leisure constraints-negotiation models. In order to broaden the scope of a constraints-coping framework, I integrated additional social indicators (e.g., commitment, motivation, place attachment, and frequency of participation) into my hypothesized model. First, my testing of the constraints-coping model provided empirical support for Iwasaki and his colleagues' suggestion that coping strategies can be potentially integrated into models of constraints-negotiation processes. Second, I confirmed that the three types of onsite constraints continue to have relevance for active participants. The three types of constraining factors directly influence subsequent aspects of leisure engagement for recreationists already participating. Third, I confirmed that recreationists are more likely to cope with constraints by employing an array of problem-focused coping strategies, rather than to simply adjust cognitively. However, my findings illustrate that recreationists' coping responses vary in response to different types of constraints encountered (e.g., intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural). The experience of constraints did not universally result in the increased use of coping. Fourth, my results confirm that motivation is an immediate antecedent of constraints as well as a potential trigger for encouraging more problem-focused coping strategies. Last, four selected key variables (e.g., place attachment, commitment motivation, and frequency of participation) demonstrated different effects on influencing active participants' perceived constraints and subsequent coping strategies. Future investigations of coping strategies should continue to explore how active participants cope with onsite constraints based on a constraints-coping model in different settings.

While American cities are growing in size and population, they are losing one important group of people: children. Young people are essential to the vitality and social fabric of cities, yet cities are becoming increasingly unfriendly to young people and their families. Housing in cities is expensive, streets are devoted more to vehicles than pedestrians or bikes, and recreational space is not frequently convenient or adequate for the needs of children. While working to address any one of these needs would create greater equality for children, this report examines the impact of green recreational space for children. Adding green space to a city not only provides children with opportunities to play, which is vital to social, physical, and emotional development, but it also creates healthier communities with lower levels of crime and higher levels of community engagement. Creating spaces that are child-friendly and cherished by the community is not difficult, and can be achieved through deliberate planning and engagement with children. Due to recent downtown development initiatives, Austin has a unique opportunity to create green places for the community where children can play freely downtown. / text