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Employee turnover is a significant contributor to the overall loss of hundreds of billions of dollars in profitability for many business organizations in the United States and abroad combined. Grounded in Maslow's theory of human motivation, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship between employee wages, number of employee referrals, and employee turnover intentions. The population was composed of employees working in the Southeastern region of the United States. A convenience sample of 92 participants answered questions regarding their wages, number of employee referrals, and completed the Turnover Intention Scale. Results of the multiple regression analysis indicated the model as a whole was able to significantly predict turnover intentions, F(2, 89) = 5.462, p = .006, R2 = .109. Within the final model, employee wages was a statistically significant predictor (t=-2.769, p=.007) and the number of employee referrals was not a statistically significant predictor (t=-1.712, p=.090). The knowledge gained from the findings in this study could have implications for social change among employees and consumers in society. Satisfied employees in low turnover work environments can provide the foundation for a more enjoyable customer experience. Both non-profit and for-profit organizations can implement business practices that will reduce turnover and increase job satisfaction among employees.

Šiame darbe išanalizuota iki šiol Lietuvoje netyrinėta sąsaja tarp depresija sergančių pacientų ambulatorinių apsilankymų ir pirminės asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigos apkrovos. Šis tyrimas moksline ir praktine prasme yra vertingas tolesniems depresijos simptomų patiriančių asmenų pirminės sveikatos priežiūros organizavimo bei vystymo tyrinėjimams. Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti depresijos simptomų sąsają su ambulatorinių pacientų apsilankymų kiekiu ir pirminės asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigos apkrova. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti depresijos simptomus patiriančių pacientų ambulatorinių apsilankymų per pusmetį pas bendrosios praktikos (šeimos) gydytojus dažnį ir palyginti su depresijos simptomų nepatiriančių pacientų apsilankymų dažniu. 2. Nustatyti depresijos simptomus patiriantiems pacientams per pusmetį suteiktų gydytojų specialistų konsultacijų dažnį ir palyginti su depresijos simptomų nepatiriančių pacientų konsultacijų dažniu. 3. Nustatyti depresijos simptomus patiriantiems pacientams per pusmetį atliktų laboratorinių tyrimų kiekį bei struktūrą ir palyginti su pacientų, nepatiriančių depresijos simptomų, laboratorinių tyrimų dažniu. Tyrimo metodika. Tyrimui atlikti naudoti penki tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė ir apibendrinimas, anketinė apklausa, testavimas HADS skale, laiko biudžeto analizė ir matematinė statistika. Pagal HADS-D rezultatus, visi tyrimo dalyviai buvo suskirstyti į dvi grupes: pirmą (HADS-D>=8) sudarė 24 tiriamieji, kuriems... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In this study we investigated the association between the symptoms of depression of ambulatory patients and the rate of outpatient visits and workload of primary health care centre. This problem was investigated for the first time in Lithuania. The results of this study are of great scientific and practical value for further investigations, cocerning the organization and development of the primary health care for patients with symptoms of depression. Aim of the study. To identify the association between the symptoms of depression of ambulatory patients and the rate of outpatient visits and the workload of the primary health care centre. Objectives: 1. To evaluate the rate of outpatient visits that patients with symptoms of depression make to the general practioner during the past six months and to compare with the patients having no symptoms of depression. 2. To evaluate the rate of consultations of specialists for patients with symptoms of depression during the past six months and to compare it with the patients having no symptoms of depression. 3. To evaluate the amount and structure of laboratory tests done for the patients with symptoms of depression during the past six months and to compare it with the patients having no symptoms of depression. Methods. Data was collected using questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), time budget analysis. According to the scores of HADS, 24 participants were assigned to the group of great or undeterminated risk... [to full text]

CLP is a complex condition and can have a far-reaching impact on an individual. Collaboration between the school-based SLP and the CLP team will ensure holistic treatment for the child. A paucity of literature exists regarding school-based SLP’s referrals to cleft palate teams. This research describes and explores the referral practices of school-based SLP’s to CLP teams.Learner Outcome(s): Participants will be able to identify and describe the best practices of school-based SLPs making referrals to cleft palate teams Participants will be able to list the potential barriers in providing services and referrals for children with CLP and VPD in school systems Participants will be able to describe the advantages of collaboration between school-based SLPs and CLP teams in the appropriate care of children with CLP and VPD

The consequences of less than proficient reading skills are well documented. In educational settings, as children progress through the grades, the expectation that they acquire content knowledge through reading continually increases. However, many children lack the proficient reading skills that would enable them to acquire content knowledge through reading. Consequently, less than proficient reading skills are associated with academic failure and academic avoidance behaviors such as absenteeism and discipline problems. This study examined the effects of sheltered instruction on the academic and non-academic behaviors of a group of struggling readers. A causal-comparative research design was used to compare MCT2 Language Arts scores, attendance, and number of discipline referrals of 28 sixth grade struggling readers attending a rural school in northern Mississippi. Paired-samples t tests were used to compare measures of the dependent variables of students when they were in a traditional classroom setting to when they were in a sheltered instruction classroom setting. The results of the data analysis failed to detect any statistically significant differences between the measures of the dependent variables under the two conditions. Therefore, it appears that sheltered instruction did not have an effect on the academic and nonacademic behaviors of struggling readers. However, there are limitations to the findings of this study. The two most serious limitations are the small sample size and the incomplete data sets. With this small sample size, the t tests may not have been robust enough to detect statistically significant differences. In addition to the small sample size, each of the dependent variables had cases where data were missing. Consequently, a replication of this study is one of the recommendations of this study. Another recommendation is that the effects of sheltered instruction on student achievement be examined after students have been exposed to the treatment for multiple years.

The study sought to analyse the referrals received by a psychiatric unit in a general hospital in the Western Cape by studying the referral letters and the referral responses. The study sought to determine which departments were referring patients and which patients were being referred. The completeness and appropriateness of the referrals were also studied. The major inferences drawn from this study are that health care workers have a poor concept of what information the psychiatric units needs and about the scope and function of the unit. The poor feedback from the psychiatric unit to the referral source is indicative of the poor communication amongst the health care team members. / Health Studies / M.A. (Advanced Nursing Sciences)

Les cinquante dernières années témoignent d’une multiplication des mécanismes préjudiciels. Le mouvement fut initié par le renvoi préjudiciel à la Cour de justice, suivi de peu par le renvoi préventif au Tribunal des conflits. Il s’est confirmé à la fin des années 1980 et au début des années 1990 avec la création des demandes d’avis au Conseil d’État et à la Cour de cassation. Il s’accélère aujourd’hui avec la création récente de la question prioritaire de constitutionnalité et l’adoption du protocole n°15 à la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme instaurant un mécanisme de demande d’avis devant la Cour éponyme. Le travail de recherche invite à s’interroger sur les causes de cette dévotion particulière. L’étude démontre que l’utilisation de la technique préjudicielle poursuit aujourd’hui un effet particulier : celui d’assurer l’unification de l’interprétation des textes juridiques. Les mécanismes préjudiciels répondent donc à un besoin, celui d’unifier l’interprétation du droit, besoin aujourd’hui insatisfait du fait de la décadence des mécanismes hiérarchiques jusqu’alors chargés de cet office. En effet, l’accélération du temps du droit et le développement de la supra-légalité ont périmé ces mécanismes sédimentaires qui, tels la cassation, reposent sur la sanction. Même effet (l’unification du droit), même moyen (la technique préjudicielle), même cause (la péremption des mécanismes traditionnels) : il ne fait aucun doute que tous les mécanismes préjudiciels contemporains sont apparentés. Ils traduisent une nouvelle manière d’unifier l’interprétation qui, telle une lame de fond, étend indéfiniment son emprise. Il était impérieux de construire un nouvel outil juridique capable de témoigner de cette évolution, de créer une notion nouvelle : le renvoi préalable. Le renvoi préalable s’entend donc de « tout mécanisme par lequel une juridiction suprême uniformise l’interprétation d’un texte, sur le renvoi d’une question de droit posée à l’occasion d’un litige ». / During the last fifty years, the number of preliminary ruling mechanisms has multiplied. The movement first started with the preliminary ruling referral to the Court of Justice, which was soon followed by the preventive removal to the Court of Conflict. During the end of the eighties and in the early nineties, the movement reached confirmation through the creation of the possibility to ask its views to the State Council and to the Court of Cassation. It’s now getting faster and faster because of the recent creation of both the priority preliminary ruling on constitutionality, and the adoption, in front of the European Convention on Human Rights, of the protocol number fifteen, which introduces a system allowing the request for opinions in front of the eponymous Court. The research work invites to question about the causes of that singular devotion.The study proves that the use of the preliminary ruling procedure is nowadays endowed with a particular aim: that of ensuring the unification of the way legal texts are interpreted. Preliminary ruling mechanisms are the answer to a need, that of unifying the interpretation of the law, that need still remains unmet because of the decay of the hierarchical mechanisms which have been so far asked to manage it. As a matter of fact, both the acceleration of law time and the development of the supra-legality have collapsed these sediment mechanisms, which, just like Cassation, have to do with punishment.The same effect (the unification of the law), the same means (preliminary ruling technique), the same cause (the collapse of traditional mechanisms): there is no doubt about the link between all contemporary preliminary ruling mechanisms. They all reveal a new way of unifying interpretation which, like a tidal wave, becomes more and more powerful. It was becoming urgent to create a new legal tool which would be able to reveal this evolution, to create a new notion: pre-filing referrals. Pre-filing referrals is therefore said to be “any mechanism through which a supreme jurisdiction standardizes a text interpretation, after the referring of a law question which is raised in case of dispute”.

Der medizinische Fortschritt führte zu einer bis heute nicht abgeschlossenen Spezialisierung und Differenzierung medizinischer Fächer und hat zur Folge, daß der Arzt bei der Behandlung auf interärztliche Kooperation angewiesen ist. Der Patient kehrt jedoch häufig nach erfolgter fachärztlicher Behandlung nicht zum Hausarzt zurück, oder das Resultat wird nicht zurückgemeldet. Die Studie hatte die Aufgabe, diese Defizite in der ärztlichen Kooperation aufzudecken und die Effektivität interärztlicher Kooperationsbeziehungen zu untersuchen. Ziele waren die Beschreibung von Art und Umfang der außerhausärztlichen Behandlungen, die Untersuchung der Vollständigkeit von Überweisungsprozessen und die Analyse von Determinanten auf das Rückmeldeverhalten. In einer hausärztlich tätigen internistischen Praxis wurden die schriftlichen Mitteilungen und die Einträge über externe Behandlungen in der Befunddatei des Praxiscomputers aus einem Jahr erhoben. Zusätzlich standen aus einer Patientendatenbank retrospektiv die Daten aller Konsultationen in den letzten 3 Jahren für die Analyse zur Verfügung. Für über die Hälfte der Ein- und Überweisungen konnte keine Rückmeldung gefunden werden. Auf der anderen Seite hatten zwei Drittel der Mitteilungen keine Überweisung als Grundlage. Ein Fünftel der Informationen über externe Behandlungen, die den Hausarzt erreichten, resultierten aus Patienteninformationen während der Anamnese. Den größten Einfluß auf das Überweisungsgeschehen hatte die Häufigkeit des Hausarztbesuchs. Patienten mit häufigen Besuchen hatten öfter Überweisungen und Rückmeldungen und einen höheren Anteil vollständiger Überweisungsprozesse. / The medical progress led to an ongoing specialization and differentiation of medical specialities. As a result the physician depends on co-operation with colleagues. But the patient often doesn't return to the general practitioner after consultation of the consultant or the results are not reported back. The task of the study was to reveal deficits of physicians' co-operation and to examine the effectiveness of physicians' relationships. Aims were description of type and extent of consultants treatment, completeness of referrals and analysis of determinants for the feedback behaviour. Written reports and entries in the electronic patient-file about treatments of other physicians as the general practitioner were examined in a general practice during one year. In addition the data of a database, which contains all consultations in the last three years, were available for the analysis. More than half of the referrals didn't have a feedback. On the other hand two third of the feedback information don't base on a general practitioner's referral. One fifth of the information, which reaches the general practitioner, were information by patients during the anamnesis. The frequency of general practitioners consultations had highest influence on the referral process. Patients with frequent consultations had more often referrals, feedback information and a higher proportion of complete referral processes.

Administrators, general and special educators in two city and two county districts estimated time lost to office referrals. Results in -dicated lost administrative and instructional time depended on disciplinary offense, student disability, and use of PBIS.

Abuse of painkiller drugs and non-medical use of drugs among young adults continues to be a public health crisis in the United States. Living arrangements and source of treatment referral were considered as the social context that could contribute to increased admissions to treatment for drug abuse. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between, independent living arrangement, the principal source of referral, and abuse of opioid, heroin, and cocaine. Steered by the conceptual framework of the biopsychosocial model, this study used the data from the 2015 Treatment Episode Data Set: Admissions managed by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to test the hypotheses regarding a predictive relationship between independent living arrangement, the principal source of treatment referral, and admissions to treatment for abuse of opioid, heroin, and cocaine. The results showed a significant association between the source of treatment referrals and independent living arrangement, and the increased odds of admissions for prescription opioids use disorder, heroin use disorder, and cocaine use disorder among adults aged 18-34 living in the United States. The implication for positive social change included a need for a targeted treatment and other intervention programs for young adults' users with associated higher-risk treatment referral categories and exposed to neighborhoods factors and health-risk behaviors in reducing the crisis of drug abuse in the United States.