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This is a case of technological change as it took place in Jefferson Middle School over eight years. It is a study of how a school moved from the abstract level of visioning and planning to the concrete level of action and implementation. Through interviews, historical documents, and reflection a story is told using a building trade metaphor of how the work environment, governance, and learning evolved under the leadership of a new principal as an instructional technology plan was implemented. A lens metaphor was used to view culture, change process, leadership, and reform and frame the guiding questions and conclusions. The culture was transformed by empowering staff members to act and involving them in decision making. A change in the use of instructional technology occurred because staff members shared ideas; participated in visioning, planning, and training; and used the services of an "outside expert". Leadership roles such as "supporter," "innovator," and "expert" were dispersed among staff members. The staff was involved in building level reform as they identified and solved problems. This case may be helpful to practitioners implementing change. / Ed. D.

The research attempted to demystify the Zimbabwean land reform that was spear headed by war veterans’ in Zimbabwe. This research investigated the impact of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) in 2000 on Household Food Security. It was generally assumed that the programme did not improve Household Food Security. To verify that assertion the research used questionnaires in a survey research design. The questionnaires were administered to 322 household heads that had been selected by the random stratified sampling method in Mutare District. The results established that Household Food Security in Mutare District improved after the implementation of the FTLRP. The national grain storage however was depleted because the new farmers reduced the production levels set by the former white farmers. The research therefore recommends an orderly and sustainable transition of Land Reform in future programmes to enhance national grain reserves. This also further improves the Household Food Security.

This thesis examines the reform ideas and efforts of Daud Shah, a Muslim socio-religious reformer in the Madras Presidency during the twentieth century. Shah published a journal, Dar ul-Islam (World of Islam), which he used as a medium to propagate his ideas and advocate reforms among Muslims. Socio-religious reform efforts among Muslims in the Madras Presidency have received very limited scholarly attention. But the purpose of this thesis goes beyond merely focusing on a neglected area of scholarship. Shah belonged to a small class of Western-educated Muslim professionals. This thesis will demonstrate how Shah’s reform efforts differed from those advocated by the aristocracy and the merchant elite. This thesis will analyze the relationship between Shah and the national-level reform movements among Muslims. Shah’s reform and fundraising efforts also reveal the close links between Muslims in Tamil Nadu and Southeast Asia. Finally, the thesis will show the influence of print technology on reform movements among Muslims. / text

O estudo acompanha o desenvolvimento da reforma admnistrativa da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, definida em 1967, face aos condicionantes existentes no Plano de Reforma Administrativa do Serviço Público Estadual. Esses condicionantes situavam-se na configuração institucional, principalmente legislativa do Estado, na forma de divisão, duplicidade e vazios de competência dos órgãos centrais da administração, na crescente tendência do Governo para adoção de figuras jurídicas de Direito Privado na organização de serviços públicos e no reforço do consenso divulgado de uma administração centralizada ingovernável e ineficiente. Pretende, também, demonstrar como a definição clara e precisa de princípios e diretrizes de saúde pública, como base de reforma da Secretaria, demandou tanto esforço e tempo que se descuidou da adoção de mecanismo de proteção frente aos condicionantes citados. São examinados três conjuntos de medidas propostas, mais recentemente, para a organização de Saúde, quanto às soluções que demandariam, evidenciando que aqueles condicionantes, mais do que a disponibilidade de tecnologia adequada para organização, continuam a restringir a operacionalização de qualquer plano. / The administrative reform of the State Secretariate of Health, carried out in 1967, is analysed considering the conditionning factors and limitations of the Reform Plan of the State Civil Service. Among the conditionning factors we may state: institutional configuration, especially the legislative one; division of attributions and lack of competence of State Administrative Central Organs; the increasing tendency to adopt juridical figures of Private Law in the organization of public services. The formulation of Public Health principais and guide-lines as a basis for the reform took such an effort and consumed so much time that mechanisms of self-protection agains the conditionning factors were not instituted. Three sets of measures proposed \"a posteriori\" for the organization of health services in the State are analysed. Operational difficulties observed are due the conditionning factors rather than dificiency or lack of administrative technology adequate to the reform.

O estudo acompanha o desenvolvimento da reforma admnistrativa da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, definida em 1967, face aos condicionantes existentes no Plano de Reforma Administrativa do Serviço Público Estadual. Esses condicionantes situavam-se na configuração institucional, principalmente legislativa do Estado, na forma de divisão, duplicidade e vazios de competência dos órgãos centrais da administração, na crescente tendência do Governo para adoção de figuras jurídicas de Direito Privado na organização de serviços públicos e no reforço do consenso divulgado de uma administração centralizada ingovernável e ineficiente. Pretende, também, demonstrar como a definição clara e precisa de princípios e diretrizes de saúde pública, como base de reforma da Secretaria, demandou tanto esforço e tempo que se descuidou da adoção de mecanismo de proteção frente aos condicionantes citados. São examinados três conjuntos de medidas propostas, mais recentemente, para a organização de Saúde, quanto às soluções que demandariam, evidenciando que aqueles condicionantes, mais do que a disponibilidade de tecnologia adequada para organização, continuam a restringir a operacionalização de qualquer plano. / The administrative reform of the State Secretariate of Health, carried out in 1967, is analysed considering the conditionning factors and limitations of the Reform Plan of the State Civil Service. Among the conditionning factors we may state: institutional configuration, especially the legislative one; division of attributions and lack of competence of State Administrative Central Organs; the increasing tendency to adopt juridical figures of Private Law in the organization of public services. The formulation of Public Health principais and guide-lines as a basis for the reform took such an effort and consumed so much time that mechanisms of self-protection agains the conditionning factors were not instituted. Three sets of measures proposed \"a posteriori\" for the organization of health services in the State are analysed. Operational difficulties observed are due the conditionning factors rather than dificiency or lack of administrative technology adequate to the reform.

The distribution question of the land is a distribution question of the social wealth at the same time,but because will produce the antithesis of the position to assign naturally, so a successful land reform is to need accepting by society and cooperating. Republic of Taiwan in 38 years onwards to promote land reform,by most scholars, is praised as a model of successful reform.The achievement is considered to be effective at easing or solving the land problem, and because of narrowing the wealth gap, reduce the contradiction of the society,thus stable at the time of Taiwan society,later, more to promote economic development miracle. Taiwan's land reform as a starting point,enhance the tenant farmer economic, social status,improving rural life,adequate stable social environment, in fact, the social level, is also a successful social reforms. Lorenz von Stein, is a national scholar, is also a pioneer in sociology, administrative science and history scholars,jurists, Its academic contribution to the integration of the four areas of the national science, economic theory, social theory, administrative theory and financial theory,advocated the philosophy of man and state the purpose of considering and development, countries with independent ability to promote "national organism," said,the individual must be set free only in groups,the purpose of groups in the protection of individual freedom,the problem for society, social order and social change, and other social issues and more insights. This article by Lorenz von Stein social theory perspective,to observe Taiwan's land reform process,and bring about social reform its evolution, and to explore the social changes in, the interaction between state and society, And the idea of control Society, it is not the social inequality, But society does not flow,and countries in social class inequalities caused by the flow of the class should not play a role.So that the task of the State to break the social classes in the defense and on special interests dominated,and integration of the interests of all social classes, to avoid special interests above the national class of cases. Therefore, Taiwan's current social problems,state if the integration by the interests of all social classes, uphold the principle of priority of public interest, although the social problems will continue to occur,but society still more to upgrade because of reform.