Canada has long been a proponent of free trade while at the same time defending the current supply management system that protects the dairy industry from import competition. In the most recent Doha Development Round of talks amongst nations belonging to the World Trade Organization, the validity of Canada's protectionist position has been questioned and it is conceivable that Canada may have to make significant changes in the dairy industry to allow more liberal trade policies to be enacted. The key purpose of this study is to find out how free trade will affect the research and development (R&D) incentives of Canadian dairy farmers. On one hand they may be induced to perform more R&D due to competition effects in order to lower costs and achieve a competitive advantage over the main competitor, the United States. On the other hand they may be induced to perform less R&D due to the spillover effect, which allows the Canadian R&D efforts to be used by the United States at no additional cost. It is found that the outcome of these two opposing forces depends on the market scale effect. If Canada is a net importer when the border opens the spillover effect may dominate and Canadian dairy producers may invest less into R&D than under the current protectionist policies. These results however will switch if Canada is found to be the net exporters. The results also depend on the level of the quota currently in place. If the current quota is chosen at a quantity relatively close to the amount supplied at the monopolistic level, a free trade regime may promote R&D efforts more so than supply management. On the other hand, if the current quota level in Canada is closer to the quantity that would be supplied in a competitive industry, Canadian dairy producers may invest less heavily in R&D efforts under a free trade regime than a supply management system.

Magistro darbas tema „Išeivijos požiūris į Sąjūdžio Lietuvą 1987 – 1990 metais“ yra skirtas aptarti, kaip lietuviai gyvenantys svetur vertino, aptariamuoju laikotarpiu vykusius įvykius Lietuvoje. Antrasis pasaulinis karas bei po jo sekusi Lietuvos valstybės okupacija, didelę dalį Lietuvos visuomenės šviesuolių, privertė pasirinkti emigracijos kelią. Per ilgus okupacijos metus, išeiviai išlaikė ryšį su okupuota Lietuvos valstybe bei visomis išgalėmis stengėsi vykdyti kovą dėl Lietuvos nepriklausomybės atstatymo. Gyvenimas emigracijoje, išeivių iš Lietuvos dažnai buvo suvokiamas kaip tremtis ar didžiulė bausmė. Savęs tapatinimas su nužemintųjų generacijos atstovais, buvo gana dažnas egzilų tarpe. Tačiau nepaisydami šios gana skaudžios situacijos, išeiviai iš Lietuvos, savo gyvenimą emigracijoje stengėsi padaryti kuo kokybiškesnį bei naudingą Lietuvos valstybei. Kurdami gyvenimo išeivijoje misijos projektus, egzilai svarbiausiais uždaviniais laikė tautiškumo išsaugojimą, išlikimą biologiškai bei ištikimybės savo tautai išlaikymą. Suvokimas, jog Lietuvos okupacija užsitęs, vertė išeivius ieškoti naujų bendravimo su okupuota Lietuva formų. Bendravimo su okupuota Lietuva klausimas, sukėlė aršias diskusijas išeivių iš Lietuvos bendruomenėje. Baimė, jog bendravimas su okupuota Lietuva, gali būti suprastas kaip okupacijos pripažinimas, buvo stipriausias argumentas tokiam bendravimui neatsirasti. Po ilgų diskusijų bei supratimo, jog bendravimas su okupuota Lietuva gali būti naudingas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Master's thesis on "Approach of the emigrants to Lithuania in 1987 – 1990” is devoted to discussing how the Lithuanians living abroad valued, considered processes that were held in Lithuania. The Second World War and after that the occupation which followed the State of Lithuania, a large part of the Lithuanian public intellectuals, forced to choose the path of emigration. During the long years of occupation, has maintained contact with immigrants in the state of Lithuania been occupied and the utmost care to fight for the restoration of Lithuanian independence. Living in exile, emigration from Lithuania was often perceived as an exile or a major penalty. Self-identification with deportee’s representatives was quite common among the exile. However, despite this rather dire situation, immigrants from Lithuania, their life in exile tried to make the highest quality and good state of Lithuania. When they created a life in exile mission projects, the most important challenges in exile held national identity preservation of biological survival and the maintenance of fidelity they people. Perception that Lithuania's occupation drags on, was the reason why emigrants wanted to communicate with Lithuania. Communication with the issue of occupation of Lithuania has caused fierce debate in the community of emigrants from Lithuania. Fear that the communication with the occupation of Lithuania can be interpreted as recognition of the occupation, was the strongest argument for such... [to full text]

The effect of welfare policies is evident in the behaviours of welfare recipients and in their patterns of health. Yet there are very few studies with up to date analyses on the health consequences of the mid-1990s welfare reform in Canada. This study examines the effects of welfare income and welfare reforms on health outcomes of welfare recipients. I use National Population Health Survey (NPHS) in 1996 to present a baseline health differences by welfare status. I later utilize the mid-1900s welfare reform in a natural experiment setting to examine the health outcomes of welfare poor and working poor respondents. By using provincial welfare reform intensities, I detect exogenous variation that can indicate the effect of a greater reduction in welfare funding on health outcomes. Overall, my results show a strong correlation between welfare income and health outcomes, but policy makers must be cautious when interpreting causality.

Land reform is closely related to agricultural development and the whole development process. This thesis examines the impacts of land reform on asset distribution, agricultural productivity, and the process of structural transformation. By investigating land reforms in Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea after World War II, I find that land reform has positive and long-run influences on the structural transformation. Through redistributing farmland from large landholders to small farmers, land reform is viewed as an effective instrument for the achievement of low levels of asset inequality. Land reform also provides small owner-cultivators incentives to work harder and invest more in their own farmlands, leading to an increase in agricultural productivity. The rapid growth in agricultural productivity stimulates the reallocation of labor from agricultural to non-agricultural occupations, which is the key part of structural transformation.

No description available.

This study is an exploration of the discourses which ha emerged in the KwaZulu Natal Land Reform Pilot Programme. It aims to identify the implications of these discourses for addressing poverty and inequality and for constructing the relationship between the state and society. It is hypothesized that there are some discourses that are privileged at the expense of others with major social consequences. This hypothesis has been tested through a discourse analysis of the proceedings of the KwaZulu Natal Land Reform Pilot Programme Steering Committee for the period March 1995 to August 1996. This study uncovers three dominant discourses in the KZN LRPP. Firstly, discourses of historical, racial injustice which draw on notions of tradition. Secondly, discourses of 'economic development' which highlight the need for productive, agricultural use of land. Lastly, discourses of participation are used to construct and contest the role and authority of the state as well as that of 'community' spokespersons. I argue that these discourses might have constrained the capacity of the KwaZulu Natal Land Reform Pilot Programme to address poverty and inequality, and that these discourses have constructed relationships between the state and society which privilege elite sectors of rural society at the expense of others. An unintended outcome of this study is that it has allowed me to explore the limits and possibilities of discourse analysis as a research method. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2008.

(kein abstract vorhanden) / Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut

Electric power has become the most widely used secondary energy. As a result, the electricity industry's development will, in turn, directly influence other industries, people's daily lives, and the whole economy. China is one of the most rapidly developing economies, making it one of the biggest consumer of electricity in the world. Thus, the development of electric industry in China is not only important for the development of China itself, but also the energy pattern all over the world. In this study, we focus on analysing the market-oriented reform in China's electricity industry after the adoption of reforming and opening policies in 1978. By following the time path, the detailed content of the reform, as it was applied and modified over time, is first introduced. Then, an empirical investigation is conducted on the major policies in the process of China's electric power industry reform. Through quantitative measurement, the contribution of each major policy is clearly defined, so that conclusions concerning the reform in the past and suggestions for its future direction can be reached and made. It is found that both successes and deficiencies occurred in the reform process, and that China's electric industry has made significant efforts to overcome obstacles as they have been identified. However, even though great progress has been made in China's electric power industry from 1978 to 2009, more efforts are still required to finally achieve market operation in the industry. It is expected that this study can positively contribute to the development of China's electric power industry, as well as to electric power industries in other countries.

This qualitative study is concerned with the development of inclusive values and practices in an Aotearoa New Zealand school. It focuses on the experiences of staff and leadership in the development of inclusive culture within their school. Since the launch of Special Education 2000 in 1996, it has been the stated aspiration of the Ministry of Education to create a ‘world class inclusive education system’. This thesis is part of an effort to assist schools, in the Aotearoa New Zealand context, to get closer to the aspiration of inclusion. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the sustainable development of inclusion within our schools, and that the values expressed by the ideal of inclusion can become firmly rooted in our learning communities. The research involved embedding myself in an Aotearoa New Zealand co-educational high school as a qualitative critical ethnographic researcher. Using participatory observation and semi-formal and informal interviews I examined the experiences of a school community developing inclusive values. During an academic year the school utilised a framework for inclusive change known as the Index for Inclusion. The Index provided the framework in which the school community could explore their values, how those values were translated into practice, and to guide the change process. My analysis drew on hermeneutic phenomological theoretical perspectives underpinned by a social constructionist epistemology. I utilise a theoretical construct of culture, or model, in which to frame the change process within the subject school. The tension between neoliberalism and inclusion based on social justice, and between a model of special education and definitions of ‘disability’ and ‘inclusion’ creates a dynamic that enables the co-creation of knowledge as well as possible futures. The methodology I employed was critical ethnography. Critical ethnography allows the researcher to become a participant in the project. Using a critical ethnographic methodology, the researcher/researched relationship was also a pedagogic relationship. Throughout the year of this study the staff at the subject school reflected on the core values of their school and made changes necessary to begin to align their practice with those values. I argue that inclusion is linked to culture, and as a result, efforts to create a ‘world class inclusive education system’ must take place in the setting of the school culture. As culture is multi-layered, the change process requires time, perseverance, and at times involves pain. Change involves a renegotiation of meaning and a negotiation of expression. I argue that in a devolved educational system such as Aotearoa New Zealand, the individual school provides a ‘shady place’ in which work can be carried out to counter neoliberal policies and inculcate values of inclusion based on social justice. An ancillary argument in this thesis is that no research is neutral, and that it is an ethical responsibility of the researcher to be aware of whom their research benefits. This awareness does not compromise research; it gives research relevance.