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The reintergration of South African political returnees / The reintegration of South African political returneesNcala, Nokwanda Hazel 06 1900 (has links)
This study examines the reintegration of South African political returnees into
South African society from a sociological perspective after the unbanning of the
African National Congress (ANC), South African Communist Party (SACP) and
the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) in 1990. It specifically looks at the role of
liberation movements, government, the International Organization For
Migration (10M), the United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees
(UNHCR) and the South African Council of Churches (SACC) in the pre- and
post- 1994 period.
This study contends that for refugee reintegration to succeed, primary
prerequisites include a relatively good and sustainable economy and, most
significantly, positive governmental intervention. A central argument of the
study is that the ANC-Ied government has played a significant role in the
repatriation and long-term reintegration of political returnees. Of significance is
the economic dimension of this process since it facilitates reintegration at the
social level. The assessment of the role of the ANC-Ied government in the
political returnee reintegration process is undertaken primarily through the
Special Pension and Demobilization Acts of 1996 which constitute the focal point
of analysis of this study.
The findings of this research are that the International Organization For
Migration, the United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees, the African
National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress, the South African Communist
Party and the South African Council of Churches played a significant role in the
repatriation and early reintegration of political returnees in South Africa in the
pre-independence phase. In the post-independence period, the ANC led
government played an important role in long-term reintegration through
legislative means, namely, the Special Pension and Demobilization Acts of 1996.
The recommendations of the study are that the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees should continue conducting large scale political
refugee repatriations because of its expertise in international repatriation,
programmes and processes of this magnitude. More research on the long-term
socio-economic implications of the refugee reintegration process needs to be
conducted in view of the fact that this area of study has not been sufficiently
problematized. Finally, from a policy perspective, there is a need for
governments with returning refugee populations to be more proactive in
addressing this problem through legislative measures. / Sociology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Sociology)
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Lived experiences of accessing healthcare services by refugees in South AfricaSowane, Nkateko Proud 01 1900 (has links)
The purpose of the study is to investigate lived experiences of refugees when accessing healthcare services in Pretoria, South Africa.
A qualitative phenomenological research approach was followed which assisted in exploring and describing the day-to-day lives of refugees living in Pretoria regarding their health outcomes. Face-to-face interviews were conducted on purposively selected participants, representing refugees from different African countries ranging from age 27 to 58 years. Collected data were transcribed, coded, and relevant themes were extracted and analysed by employing Colaizzi's seven-step analysis framework.
Main findings demonstrated that the public healthcare services accessed by refugees, compared to private healthcare services, can be described as mostly dysfunctional. Also, healthcare providers from public healthcare services are often hostile towards refugees of African descent. Failure to speak a local language, unofficial documentation as viewed by a healthcare provider on duty, being a foreigner, and failure to pay undue consultation fees led to refugees being denied access to healthcare or receiving negative treatment in the public healthcare sector.
Recommendations for programmes to promote human rights and refugee awareness in healthcare facilities could subsequently contribute to alleviating complications around access to healthcare services, which would denote improved health outcomes for the refugees. / Health Studies / M. P. H. (Health Studies)
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A missiological exploration of a Pentecostal Church’s contribution to migrants’ social integration in DurbanNzwiba, Mubili 11 1900 (has links)
The subject of migrants’ social integration in receiving countries is a growing debate in the 21st
century amongst the international community and the nations of the world. It is a serious concern
for many organizations advocating for social justice. The Church worldwide and the migrant
church in Durban South Africa in particular, is called to be among the defenders and promoters of
migrants’ social integration; integration which will bring forth migrants’ social and economic
contribution to the development of Durban’s social and economic life.
This view of this study is that in the post-apartheid period sufficient attention has not been paid
by the South African government, policy-makers and the church in the welcoming and protection
of migrants who have “flooded” the country. The lack of preparedness has resulted in migrants
being used as scapegoat by some South Africans on the pretext that they lower the country’s
social life, steal national citizens’ jobs and commit crime. This growing social and economic
discomfort in South Africa resulted in xenophobic violence in May 2008.
The dissertation surveys migrants’ challenges in South Africa and Durban in particular. It
explores the response of a migrant Pentecostal church called Faith Ministries Durban (FMD) to
these challenges, as well as its contribution to the promotion of Congolese migrants’ social
integration. The study further explores, among other aspects, the theology of migration. This
exploration is a call to theologians to advocate for migrants’ care and rights so that they may
not endure discrimination, abuse and struggle because of them being outsiders. Migrants have
to benefit equal rights as fellow South Africans. From the life narratives of ten FMD’s
members, the study explores FMD’s role in the lives of its migrant members. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)
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Empowering Congolese refugee women in the Western Cape through microfinanceBagula, Ndamuso Yvette 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MDF)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / In many developing countries, culture and tradition have contributed to the
disempowerment of women. In these countries, a women's time is divided between the
reproductive role of creating a family, the productive role of feeding the family, and
balancing all the demands. This has resulted in 1) higher unemployment rate for women
than men in virtually every developing country as reported by the World Bank gender
statistics database, and 2) women having low self-confidence and self-esteem.
Furthermore, when living outside their country with little or almost nothing, refugee women
live in camps, temporary shelters, collective centres or rent a house in a host country
where they compete with the local populations for property as well as natural and social
resources, while being excluded from some of the basic rights through restrictive
regulations imposed by the host country.
Building upon the widely known facts that women more likely reinvest their earnings in a
business and their families and spend more of their extra income on things that help
develop human capital, better sanitation, better nutrition and also better health care and
education, this study addresses the application of microfinance with the objective of
empowering Congolese refugee women in the Western Cape in South Africa.
The theoretical contributions of this study are twofold. Firstly, an analysis of the situation
of the Congolese refugee women is presented in terms of their predicaments and
opportunities in SA, using a survey. Secondly, building upon the conclusions of this
survey, a support and empowerment microfinance approach adapted to the Congolese
refugee women community is derived. As practical contribution, this study proposes the
development of a business model that will cater for Congolese women refugees and its
implementation through the creation of a non-governmental organisation in the Western
Cape.
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Exploring HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes and practices of Congolese refugees in Cape TownKalawu, Corneille 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aims to explore the existing knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HIV/AIDS among Congolese refugees living in Cape Town in order to create awareness and suggest possible measures to avert the spread of the pandemic among them. The target population are Congolese refugees living in Cape Town, with a refugee or an asylum seeker status. Due to the total population and difficulties in contacting them, the participants (50) were randomly selected among traders and hair dressers.
The study used a quantitative research design. The Desk Top Market train station in Cape Town is an open market place where most Congolese traders sell their goods to the public. The data were collected at this market area in Cape Town using a questionnaire. To avoid any possible discrimination or stigmatisation resulting from being identified as a refugee in the study, the Congolese were contacted from the market place without screening them on the basis of their status. The participants were, however, required to tick their status in a box provided on the questionnaire. Furthermore, strict confidentiality was maintained to avoid the possible stigmatisation arising from the Congolese traders’ refugee status.
According to the findings Congolese refugees have knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the route of transmission. The majority knows how to protect themselves against HIV/AIDS but it seems this protection discontinue shortly after a quick trust between them and their partners. It is may be because most refugees are in need of financial protection on their arrival so they do not have any other choice than to let it go. During the process of data collection there was an opportunity to discuss with some of them protection and most of them stated that condom use is not safe as condoms breaks often.
Many Congolese do not believe in male circumcision for the reduction of risk because 100% of them are circumcised and some still have contracted HIV/AIDS. Some of Congolese does believe HIV can be cured because they have seen people who were cured through prayers. The findings also indicate the level of awareness is very low in this community because they still believe they can just by looking at other individuals they can detect if someone is HIV positive or not. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie was daarop toegespits om die bestaande kennis, houdings en praktyke met betrekking tot MIV/vigs onder Kongolese vlugtelinge in Kaapstad te ondersoek ten einde bewustheid te wek en moontlike maatreëls voor te stel om te keer dat die pandemie onder hulle versprei. Die teikenpopulasie was Kongolese wat in Kaapstad woon en oor vlugteling- of asielsoekerstatus beskik. Weens die groot omvang van die ondersoekpopulasie en uitdagings om met hulle in verbinding te tree, het die navorser lukraak vyftig (50) deelnemers uit die geledere van handelaars en haarkappers gekies.
Die data is met behulp van ’n vraelys by die Desk Top-mark op Kaapstad-stasie ingesamel. Die studie het van ’n kwantitatiewe navorsingsontwerp gebruik gemaak. Die Desk Top-mark by Kaapstad-stasie is ’n buitelugmark waar die meeste Kongolese handelaars hul goedere aan die publiek verkoop. Om te voorkom dat enigeen wat in die studie as ’n vlugteling geïdentifiseer word enige moontlike diskriminasie of stigma ervaar, het die navorser voor die voet onderhoude met Kongolese by die mark gevoer sonder om hulle na hul verblyfstatus uit te vra. Die deelnemers moes egter hul status op die vraelys aandui deur die toepaslike blokkie te merk. Voorts is streng vertroulikheid gehandhaaf om enige moontlike stigma vanweë die respondente se vlugtelingstatus te voorkom.
Die bevindinge toon dat Kongolese vlugtelinge wél oor ’n mate van kennis van MIV/vigs en die verspreiding daarvan beskik. Die meeste respondente weet hoe om hulself teen MIV/vigs te beskerm, hoewel daardie beskerming oënskynlik gestaak word kort nadat hulle ’n vertrouensverhouding met hul bedmaats ontwikkel. Dít kan daaraan toegeskryf word dat die meeste vlugtelinge met hul aankoms in die land finansiële beskerming nodig het en dus nie anders kan as om veilige sekspraktyke te laat vaar indien hul bedmaats daarop aandring nie. Gedurende die proses van data-insameling was daar geleentheid vir gesprek met die respondente, waaruit geblyk het dat kondoomgebruik na hulle mening nie juis veilig is nie, aangesien kondome dikwels breek.
Min Kongolese glo dat manlike besnydenis die gevaar van MIV/vigs verminder, aangesien hulle almal besny is, maar sommige steeds MIV/vigs opdoen. Sommige glo dat MIV/vigs genees kan word, omdat hulle getuies was van hoe mense deur gebed gesond geword het. Die bevindinge dui ook op ’n baie lae bewustheidsvlak in hierdie gemeenskap: Baie glo steeds dat ’n mens met die blote oog kan bepaal of iemand MIV-positief is of nie.
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A missiological exploration of a Pentecostal Church’s contribution to migrants’ social integration in DurbanNzwiba, Mubili 11 1900 (has links)
The subject of migrants’ social integration in receiving countries is a growing debate in the 21st
century amongst the international community and the nations of the world. It is a serious concern
for many organizations advocating for social justice. The Church worldwide and the migrant
church in Durban South Africa in particular, is called to be among the defenders and promoters of
migrants’ social integration; integration which will bring forth migrants’ social and economic
contribution to the development of Durban’s social and economic life.
This view of this study is that in the post-apartheid period sufficient attention has not been paid
by the South African government, policy-makers and the church in the welcoming and protection
of migrants who have “flooded” the country. The lack of preparedness has resulted in migrants
being used as scapegoat by some South Africans on the pretext that they lower the country’s
social life, steal national citizens’ jobs and commit crime. This growing social and economic
discomfort in South Africa resulted in xenophobic violence in May 2008.
The dissertation surveys migrants’ challenges in South Africa and Durban in particular. It
explores the response of a migrant Pentecostal church called Faith Ministries Durban (FMD) to
these challenges, as well as its contribution to the promotion of Congolese migrants’ social
integration. The study further explores, among other aspects, the theology of migration. This
exploration is a call to theologians to advocate for migrants’ care and rights so that they may
not endure discrimination, abuse and struggle because of them being outsiders. Migrants have
to benefit equal rights as fellow South Africans. From the life narratives of ten FMD’s
members, the study explores FMD’s role in the lives of its migrant members. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)
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Mental health outcomes and shared experiences of refugee and migrant women following exposure to xenophobic violence: a mixed methods studyWhite, Janine A. 03 1900 (has links)
Text in English / Disasters are global phenomena, often occurring without warning and with physical and psychological consequences among those affected. In May 2008, refugee and migrants living in South Africa were exposed to xenophobic violence, which may be described as a human caused disaster using the Shultz, Espinel et al. (2008) definition of disaster. Refugee and migrant women were particularly vulnerable during this time due to heightened risk for exposure to violence and pathology. During 2014, a mixed methods convergent study was conducted in Johannesburg to determine the presence of acute stress disorder symptoms (ASD), posttraumatic growth (PTG) and experiences of xenophobic violence among refugee and migrant women. One hundred and three refugee and migrant women completed a selfadministered questionnaire, while semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with a sub-set of 22 women.The quantitative results showed a positive, linear association between moderate ASD-total symptoms, as assessed by the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ) (Cardeña, Classen, Koopman, & Spiegel, 2014) and moderate
posttraumatic growth-total, assessed by the posttraumatic growth inventory (PTGI) (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996). All ASD symptom subscales were predictors of posttraumatic growth. The qualitative results from both the SASRQ open-ended responses and semi-structured responses showed that refugee and migrant women were adversely affected by the xenophobic violence, with a prevailing fear that the xenophobic violence would re-occur. There was convergence in the quantitative findings and the qualitative findings for the pathological and adaptive outcomes. Policymakers must address xenophobic violence by working towards prevention of this type of violence. In instances where policies fail to address or prevent xenophobic violence, disaster programmes should consider xenophobic violence in disaster planning. Further to this, mental health intervention programmes should not only focus on alleviating ASD symptoms but also emphasise enhancing PTG. / Psychology / M.A. (SS (Psychology))
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Post - 1994 Migration: The experiences of Mozambican migrants in Johannesburg, South AfricaNdou, Mmbengeni Stanley 18 May 2019 (has links)
MA (Political Science) / Department of Development Studies / South Africa attracts a variety of migrants, largely from the Southern African region. It has become the largest recipient of foreign nationals in Africa. South Africa’s porous borders linked to its neighbouring countries contribute to the influx of foreign nationals. Mozambique has been the largest supplier of workers in mining and agricultural sectors of South Africa. However, along the way and upon arrival, migrants are surrounded by treacherous conditions. This is because both documented and undocumented migrants are susceptible to xenophobic sentiments, violence and discrimination. Therefore, in search for security, migration initiates a new risk of insecurity. This study employed the qualitative approach to explore the causes of migration and experiences of Mozambican migrants in Johannesburg, South Africa. Research findings reveal that migrants come to South Africa for different reasons, not limited to economic factors. Some migrants come to South Africa for education and to seek refuge. Foreign nationals’ experiences vary from one person to another, as the findings show that some migrants get the privilege to start a thriving business and employ the locals. Therefore, migrants also contribute to the South African economy. / NRF
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Pastoral care with children in a context of HIV and AIDS : towards a contextual pastoral care model with unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) from Zimbabwe in the Methodist Church Community Centre in JohannesburgChisale, Sinenhlanhla Sithulisiwe 09 1900 (has links)
The study investigates the welfare of children in crisis with Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URMs) from Zimbabwe and the models of pastoral care that are extended to them in a context of HIV and AIDS. URMs are children who have been forced to migrate by the socio-economic and political conditions prevalent in Zimbabwe. Other than the socio-economic and political conditions these children are vulnerable to HIV and AIDS. Many of the children are received at the Central Methodist Church in Johannesburg. They are taken care of by caregivers from Zimbabwe. Some of URMs reside in the Methodist church community centre in Soweto and some reside in the Central Methodist Church building in Johannesburg. This study is done from an African perspective of pastoral care in a context of HIV and AIDS. It seeks to study pastoral care that is organic using the reality of URMs in a context of HIV and AIDS. The Central Methodist Church received URMs as a form of pastoral care, but it is not clear what models of pastoral care are used to care for them. This grounded theory study used data collected through interviews and narrative research (story telling) from 20 URMs and 3 Care givers from Zimbabwe and Bishop Paul Verryn the head of the Central Methodist Church in Johannesburg. Analyzed data was used to describe in detail URMs and their Care givers‟ understanding of pastoral care as well as the models of pastoral care offered to URMs in a context of HIV and AIDS. Finally, the findings lead to a contextual pastoral care model with children in crisis in a context of HIV and AIDS. This study formulated this contextual model as a cultural-gendered pastoral care model with children in crisis in a context of HIV and AIDS. The model was established to develop a practical method to use in practical theology and pastoral care in the care for children in crisis without adult guidance in a context of HIV and AIDS. The results of the study describe the significance of culture and gender in caring for children in a context of HIV and AIDS. / Practical Theology / D. Th. (Practical Theology)
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Pastoral care with children in a context of HIV and AIDS : towards a contextual pastoral care model with unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) from Zimbabwe in the Methodist Church Community Centre in JohannesburgChisale, Sinenhlanhla Sithulisiwe 09 1900 (has links)
The study investigates the welfare of children in crisis with Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URMs) from Zimbabwe and the models of pastoral care that are extended to them in a context of HIV and AIDS. URMs are children who have been forced to migrate by the socio-economic and political conditions prevalent in Zimbabwe. Other than the socio-economic and political conditions these children are vulnerable to HIV and AIDS. Many of the children are received at the Central Methodist Church in Johannesburg. They are taken care of by caregivers from Zimbabwe. Some of URMs reside in the Methodist church community centre in Soweto and some reside in the Central Methodist Church building in Johannesburg. This study is done from an African perspective of pastoral care in a context of HIV and AIDS. It seeks to study pastoral care that is organic using the reality of URMs in a context of HIV and AIDS. The Central Methodist Church received URMs as a form of pastoral care, but it is not clear what models of pastoral care are used to care for them. This grounded theory study used data collected through interviews and narrative research (story telling) from 20 URMs and 3 Care givers from Zimbabwe and Bishop Paul Verryn the head of the Central Methodist Church in Johannesburg. Analyzed data was used to describe in detail URMs and their Care givers‟ understanding of pastoral care as well as the models of pastoral care offered to URMs in a context of HIV and AIDS. Finally, the findings lead to a contextual pastoral care model with children in crisis in a context of HIV and AIDS. This study formulated this contextual model as a cultural-gendered pastoral care model with children in crisis in a context of HIV and AIDS. The model was established to develop a practical method to use in practical theology and pastoral care in the care for children in crisis without adult guidance in a context of HIV and AIDS. The results of the study describe the significance of culture and gender in caring for children in a context of HIV and AIDS. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Practical Theology)
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