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Regional economics addresses a number of major tasks related to regional and local area development issues such as the planning of investment (private and public), the provision of public goods, urban redevelopment schemes, fiscal and financial relations among various levels of government and subsidy and area development programs. These issues are often surrounded by a sense of urgency stemming in part from the strong spirit of development in many communities and the rising awareness of regional disparity. Yet, the lack of adequate information on subnational economies has traditionally hampered efforts at analyzing many of these issues and at providing adequate choices for decision making.</p> <p>The inadequacy of statistical data at the regional level seldom means, however, a complete lack of information. The available statistical and administrative data are usually prepared by a variety of government agencies and sources for different purposes and, consequently, lack a coherent or systematic framework which relates them meaningfully to each other and to data on the total economy. There is, thus, an obvious need to integrate these data sets with each other and with information on the economy as a whole in order to enhance their usefulness for analysis and decision making at the regional level.</p> <p>It is maintained in this dissertation that a system of economic accounts provides a suitable framework for the integration and systematic treatment of available regional microdata. The application of economic accounting to various types of regional information can give rise to a complete set of regional economic accounts useful for economic analysis at the regional level. This has been demonstrated by designing a system of regional accounts - based on national (provincial) accounting concepts - to Ontario and by estimating the accounting entries for each of its 10 economic regions. The estimation of regional entries is accomplished by a disaggregation or apportionment of the Ontario Accounts totals in the year of estimate (1971) on the basis of various allocation techniques and by using the microdata sets available at the industry and regional levels as allocators.</p> <p>The systematic integration of fragmented regional data by means of an economic accounting framework produces consistency, comprehensiveness and comparability of economic data among the regions and between them and the total economy. It is hoped that economic accounting in Ontario at the regional level will increasingly become recognized as a flexible tool of analysis which can generate a useful interaction between data and method thereby improving both theory and empirical results. The principal achievement has been to highlight areas of weakness in constructing regional economic accounts. It is also hoped that it can serve as a benchmark in future research efforts.</p> <p>The set of regional accounts for Ontario derived in this study was utilized in the context of a regional macro model (based on aggregate demand and supply) for the purpose of calculating a set of regional income multipliers. The multipliers based on regional accounting data are a precise and powerful tool of analysis - especially in determining the multiplier effects of exogenous expenditure in each region - which enriches our knowledge of regional economies and appreciation of the effect of regional policies.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

At the county level, the analysis of uneven regional economic development is focused on Jiangsu. The overall regional disparity in Jiangsu is decomposed into inter- and intra-regional disparities using generalized entropy approach. It is found that intra-regional disparities especially in southern Jiangsu had been reduced while the inter-regional disparity had been increased in 1978--1995. / China has experienced rapid economic development since 1978, but significant regional disparity exists at various spatial levels. Yangtze River Delta is one of the most important regions in China. This research employs various quantitative methods within a conceptual framework to analyze uneven regional development in Yangtze River Delta, especially in Jiangsu province. / In addition to the above discussion, regional economic development strategies in response to various problems facing Jiangsu are also broadly examined. The considered key strategies should be coordinated and their implementation will stimulate further economic development in the region. / In this study, uneven regional development and its causes are examined at two spatial levels. At the provincial level, two kinds of analyses are conducted. First, regional economic structural and competitive advantages in Yangtze River Delta are examined using the well-known shift-share analysis with respect to GDP in three industrial sectors. The relative importance of structural and competitive advantages of the regional economic growth is identified. Second, the contributions of various factors, such as capital investment, labor force, as well as total factor productivity (TFP) to the regional economic growth are estimated using Cobb-Douglas production function. TFP is found to be important in the delta while capital is also important in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. / Regional industrialization is one of the main processes of regional economic development. The driving forces behind the regional industrialization in Jiangsu are analyzed. The stepwise regression analysis is utilized to identify the relationships between various factors and the level of regional industrialization in different years. It is found that urban labor force and the share of TVEs in GOVIA are two fundamental factors of regional industrialization although other factors are significant in some years. / The effect of various factors on the regional industrialization may have spatial variation in terms of their location and economic background. The technique of geographically weighted regression (GWR) is adopted to examine the spatial variability of such effects. A clear spatial effect of regional development is identified. In particular, the GWR model is significantly better than the OLR (ordinary linear regression) model. / The findings of this research help to understand the process of unbalanced regional development in China. It is clear that many regions have their own unique path of regional development and each region requires detailed empirical analysis. The analysis results also shed light on the formulation of regional development policies crucial to the overall development of the whole nation. Various quantitative methods used in the research are very effective in dealing with various issues in the study of regional development. They give a formal means to unravel patterns and processes, and to substantiate or justify conceptual arguments. The approach and the method could be applied to study other regions in China. / Huang Yefang. / "November 2000." / Adviser: Leung Yee. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-10, Section: A, page: 4125. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 247-264). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest dissertations and theses, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

The emergence of the sharing economy has disrupted several industries. Controversies about multi-sided sharing platforms have arisen as incumbent firms assert that the platforms benefit from unfair competition by sidestepping regulations. This paper attempts to quantify the impact of Airbnb, one prominent example of a sharing platform, on the hotel industry in the Coachella Valley. I find that from 2011 to 2016, the increase in Airbnb supply in the Coachella Valley has a negative impact on city-level hotel revenue. For different hotel segments in the Coachella Valley, I do not observe significant differences in the magnitude of impact across the three categories.

This thesis studies the effect of innovation activities and productivity by using the CDM-model and extend the existing knowledge by using the CIS-dataset in combination with official statistics performing a such detailed regional analysis that have not been done before. By using the different labour market codes interacted with the industry codes I can capture informative deviations between different industries in different regions. The results show a significant variation between the different regions and industries, and that the urban and metropolitan areas are more innovative and more productive than the rural areas. However, the financial sector and health sectors showed a steady innovation input activity across most regions while the metropolitan areas showed to invest less in innovation inputs in the real estate sector compered to rural and urban areas.

Os Modelos Aplicados de Equilíbrio Geral (modelos AEG) são úteis para analisar o impacto de políticas do governo sobre a economia de um país sem perder os detalhes em nível setorial. Os modelos AEG inter-regionais fornecem detalhes adicionais em nível regional, o que é interessante para a análise de políticas públicas para o Brasil que tem diferenças econômicas e sociais em nível regional. Dessa forma, o Modelo Inter-regional para a Economia Brasileira - MIBRA foi trabalhado para analisar as políticas econômicas e sociais propostas pelo governo federal, com mandato de 2003 a 2006. Além do objetivo de analisar as políticas públicas brasileiras, o tratamento endógeno do investimento foi incorporado no modelo MIBRA, o que permite melhorias nos resultados tanto para a análise de estática comparativa como para a dinâmica recursiva. A hipótese básica verificada neste trabalho é que as propostas de políticas apresentadas pelo novo governo federal são efetivamente realizadas se existir uma combinação do aumento dos investimentos e gastos públicos com o aumento da produtividade dos fatores de produção. O modelo MIBRA foi trabalhado com 16 setores e cinco macrorregiões brasileiras. Foram utilizados a matriz inter-regional brasileira de 1995 e dados obtidos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, do Banco Central do Brasil, da Fundação Getúlio Vargas e de vários trabalhos de pesquisas. O teste de homogeneidade mostrou que o modelo é consistente. Os resultados apontam que um aumento nominal do salário de 5,5% piora a situação da economia brasileira tendo como cenário a aplicação das propostas do novo governo. O aumento dos gastos do governo e dos investimentos privilegiando as regiões Norte e Nordeste não é tão eficiente, em termos de crescimento econômico em nível regional e nacional, quando se compara com a situação de aumentos dos gastos públicos e dos investimentos realizados de forma menos concentrado entre as regiões. Isso mostra que a regiões Sudeste e Sul devem crescer juntamente com as demais, pois a maior parte dos insumos e bens de capital necessários para a produção nas regiões menos desenvolvidas é proveniente das regiões mais desenvolvidas, especialmente da região Sudeste. O aumento da produtividade dos fatores de produção é importante para a efetiva realização das política públicas propostas pelo novo governo federal. A combinação do aumento de investimentos e gastos do governo com aumento da produtividade dos fatores de produção podem garantir o desejado desenvolvimento e crescimento sustentado da economia brasileira no médio e longo prazos. Ou seja, consegue-se aumentar a produção real, o consumo real, diminuir desemprego, manter inflação e a necessidade de financiamento do governo sob controle. A política para desenvolvimento e crescimento sustentado deve garantir que parte dos gastos do governo seja convertida tanto em melhorias sociais como em aumentos da produtividade do trabalho. Os modelos AEG inter-regionais são instrumentos poderosos para a formulação das políticas públicas de um país como o Brasil que precisa resolver os problemas das diferenças econômicas e sociais nos níveis setorial e regional. / The Applied General Equilibrium Models (AGE model) are useful to analyze the impact of public policy on the nationwide economy without loss of details in sector level. The Inter-regional AGE models give additional details in regional level, which is interesting for the Brazilian public policy analysis due to the social and economic differences in regional level. Thus, the Inter-regional Applied General Equilibrium Model for the Brazilian Economy - MIBRA, a regional AGE model, is used in order to analyze the public policy proposal presented by the new Brazilian president elected, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who will govern from 2003 until 2006. The specific aim of this research is the incorporation of endogenous investment in the MIBRA model. This modification improves both static-comparative and recursive-dynamic analysis. The basic hypothesis verified in this research is: the success of public policy proposed by the new federal government depends on the increase of governmental investment and expenditure combined with productivity growth of primary factors. In this research the MIBRA model is used with sixteen sectors and five Brazilian macro-regions. The MIBRA model database was constructed based on the Brazilian regional input-output matrix of 1995 and as well as on other statistics and information from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Banco Central do Brasil, Fundação Getúlio Vargas and many research papers. According to the Homogeneity test, the MIBRA model is consistent. The results have shown that the increase of 5.5% in the nominal wage worsens the Brazilian economic performance, concerning the public policy proposed by the new federal government. The increase of expenditure by the federal government combined with the increase of investments concentrated in the North and Northeast regions, is not efficient for the Brazilian Economy in regional and national levels if compared with less concentrated allocation among regions. This result shows that the Southeast and South regions must grow along with the other regions. This is due to the need of inputs and capital goods for production in the less developed regions be supplied by developed regions, specially the Southeast region. The increase of productivity of production factors is important for the success of the public policy proposed by the new federal government. Hence, the combination of the increase of government expenditure and investment with production factor productivity can assure the desirable development and growth of the Brazilian economy in the mid and long term. Which means, the policy suggested by results increases the real gross national product and the real consumption, decreases unemployment and, keeps the inflation and the governmental financing needs under control. The sustained development and economic growth policy must enforce the conversion of part of public expenditure into both social improvement and higher labor productivity. The Inter-regional AGE models have shown to be powerful tools for the public policy formulations in countries that need to solve social and economic differences in sector and regional level like Brazil.

Thesis advisor: Christopher F. Baum / This paper seeks to estimate the impacts generated from the Salt Lake City 2002 Winter Olympic Games. Using a data set representing 76 metropolitan statistical areas in the western United States, and later 31 metropolitan statistical areas in Utah and its bordering neighbors, I construct an Arellano-Bond dynamic panel data regression that seeks to model metropolitan employment growth had the Olympics never taken place. With this logic I apply the Arellano- Bond regression to real personal income and real average wages, in a vector autoregression framework, estimating gains to those variables over a reasonable timeframe. The predictions from these variables are then compared to actual figures in which a picture of the economic impact of the 2002 Games is generated. Using out of sample predictions I estimate Salt Lake City's Olympic impact in employment is roughly between 20,487 and 36,150 job-years, between $ 381 and $ 2,470 to real per-capita personal income, and a decrease of $ 273 to $ 2004 in real average wages. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2006. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Economics Honors Program.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 320-328. / by Marie Isabel Howland. / Ph.D.

Os Modelos Aplicados de Equilíbrio Geral (modelos AEG) são úteis para analisar o impacto de políticas do governo sobre a economia de um país sem perder os detalhes em nível setorial. Os modelos AEG inter-regionais fornecem detalhes adicionais em nível regional, o que é interessante para a análise de políticas públicas para o Brasil que tem diferenças econômicas e sociais em nível regional. Dessa forma, o Modelo Inter-regional para a Economia Brasileira – MIBRA foi trabalhado para analisar as políticas econômicas e sociais propostas pelo governo federal, com mandato de 2003 a 2006. Além do objetivo de analisar as políticas públicas brasileiras, o tratamento endógeno do investimento foi incorporado no modelo MIBRA, o que permite melhorias nos resultados tanto para a análise de estática comparativa como para a dinâmica recursiva. A hipótese básica verificada neste trabalho é que as propostas de políticas apresentadas pelo novo governo federal são efetivamente realizadas se existir uma combinação do aumento dos investimentos e gastos públicos com o aumento da produtividade dos fatores de produção. O modelo MIBRA foi trabalhado com 16 setores e cinco macrorregiões brasileiras. Foram utilizados a matriz inter-regional brasileira de 1995 e dados obtidos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, do Banco Central do Brasil, da Fundação Getúlio Vargas e de vários trabalhos de pesquisas. O teste de homogeneidade mostrou que o modelo é consistente. Os resultados apontam que um aumento nominal do salário de 5,5% piora a situação da economia brasileira tendo como cenário a aplicação das propostas do novo governo. O aumento dos gastos do governo e dos investimentos privilegiando as regiões Norte e Nordeste não é tão eficiente, em termos de crescimento econômico em nível regional e nacional, quando se compara com a situação de aumentos dos gastos públicos e dos investimentos realizados de forma menos concentrado entre as regiões. Isso mostra que a regiões Sudeste e Sul devem crescer juntamente com as demais, pois a maior parte dos insumos e bens de capital necessários para a produção nas regiões menos desenvolvidas é proveniente das regiões mais desenvolvidas, especialmente da região Sudeste. O aumento da produtividade dos fatores de produção é importante para a efetiva realização das política públicas propostas pelo novo governo federal. A combinação do aumento de investimentos e gastos do governo com aumento da produtividade dos fatores de produção podem garantir o desejado desenvolvimento e crescimento sustentado da economia brasileira no médio e longo prazos. Ou seja, consegue-se aumentar a produção real, o consumo real, diminuir desemprego, manter inflação e a necessidade de financiamento do governo sob controle. A política para desenvolvimento e crescimento sustentado deve garantir que parte dos gastos do governo seja convertida tanto em melhorias sociais como em aumentos da produtividade do trabalho. Os modelos AEG inter-regionais são instrumentos poderosos para a formulação das políticas públicas de um país como o Brasil que precisa resolver os problemas das diferenças econômicas e sociais nos níveis setorial e regional. / The Applied General Equilibrium Models (AGE model) are useful to analyze the impact of public policy on the nationwide economy without loss of details in sector level. The Inter-regional AGE models give additional details in regional level, which is interesting for the Brazilian public policy analysis due to the social and economic differences in regional level. Thus, the Inter-regional Applied General Equilibrium Model for the Brazilian Economy – MIBRA, a regional AGE model, is used in order to analyze the public policy proposal presented by the new Brazilian president elected, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who will govern from 2003 until 2006. The specific aim of this research is the incorporation of endogenous investment in the MIBRA model. This modification improves both static-comparative and recursive-dynamic analysis. The basic hypothesis verified in this research is: the success of public policy proposed by the new federal government depends on the increase of governmental investment and expenditure combined with productivity growth of primary factors. In this research the MIBRA model is used with sixteen sectors and five Brazilian macro-regions. The MIBRA model database was constructed based on the Brazilian regional input-output matrix of 1995 and as well as on other statistics and information from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Banco Central do Brasil, Fundação Getúlio Vargas and many research papers. According to the Homogeneity test, the MIBRA model is consistent. The results have shown that the increase of 5.5% in the nominal wage worsens the Brazilian economic performance, concerning the public policy proposed by the new federal government. The increase of expenditure by the federal government combined with the increase of investments concentrated in the North and Northeast regions, is not efficient for the Brazilian Economy in regional and national levels if compared with less concentrated allocation among regions. This result shows that the Southeast and South regions must grow along with the other regions. This is due to the need of inputs and capital goods for production in the less developed regions be supplied by developed regions, specially the Southeast region. The increase of productivity of production factors is important for the success of the public policy proposed by the new federal government. Hence, the combination of the increase of government expenditure and investment with production factor productivity can assure the desirable development and growth of the Brazilian economy in the mid and long term. Which means, the policy suggested by results increases the real gross national product and the real consumption, decreases unemployment and, keeps the inflation and the governmental financing needs under control. The sustained development and economic growth policy must enforce the conversion of part of public expenditure into both social improvement and higher labor productivity. The Inter-regional AGE models have shown to be powerful tools for the public policy formulations in countries that need to solve social and economic differences in sector and regional level like Brazil.

In recent years, Bitcoin has gained global mass adoption as an asset class. However, due to its characteristics of peer-to-peer direct borderless payment, anonymity and limited supply, Bitcoin has a special application in regions experiencing political and economic turmoil. It serves two functions: store of value and secure channel of transferring assets abroad. In this paper, I will only investigate the correlation between Bitcoin adoption and fiat default in Venezuela due to a limitation on empirical data. Time series FGLS regressions are employed to examine such correlation. The two Bitcoin metrics, Real Bitcoin Price in Venezuelan Bolivar (VEF) and Real Bitcoin Trading Volume in VEF, are included as independent variables. The two economic indicators, the Black Market Exchange Rate (VEF/USD) and Monthly Moving Inflation Rate, are included as explanatory variables. I find a relatively weak correlation between Bitcoin adoption and the well-being of the Venezuelan Economy. The Black Market Exchange Rate has a stronger positive impact on Real Bitcoin Price and Real Bitcoin Trading Volume while Inflation Rate has little impact. In addition, Real Bitcoin Volume responses to the changes the Venezuelan Economy approximately one week slower than Real Bitcoin Price.