Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / This thesis is about the dynamic control of a permanent magnet assisted reluctance synchronous machine (PMA RSM). The PMA RSM in this thesis is a 110 kW traction machine and is ideal for the use in electrical rail vehicles. An application of the dynamic control of the PMA RSM in electrical rail vehicles is to reduce wheel slip. The mathematical model of the PMA RSM is derived and explained in physical terms. Two methods of current control for the PMA RSM are investigated, namely constant field current control (CFCC) and constant current angle control (CCAC). It is shown that CCAC is more appropriate for the PMA RSM. A current controller for the PMA RSM that guarantees stability is derived and given as an analytic formula. This current controller can be used for any method of current control, i.e. CFCC or CCAC. An accurate simulation model for the PMA RSM is obtained using results from finite element analysis (FEA). The accurate model is used in a simulation to verify CCAC. A normal proportional integral speed controller for the PMA RSM is designed and the design is also verified by simulation. Practical implementation of the current and speed controllers is considered along with a general description of the entire drive system. The operation of the resolver (for position measurement) is given in detail. Important safety measures and the design of the electronic circuitry to give protection are shown. Practical results concerning current and speed control are then shown. To improve the dynamic performance of the PMA RSM, a load torque observer with compensation current feedback is investigated. Two observer structures are considered, namely the reduced state observer and the full state observer. The derivation of the full state observer and the detail designs of the observer elements are given. The accurate simulation model of the PMA RSM is used to verify the operation of the observer structures and to evaluate the dynamic performance. Both observer structures are implemented practically and practical results are shown. One method of position sensorless control, namely the high frequency voltage injection method, is discussed in terms of the PMA RSM. This work is additional to the thesis but it is shown, because it raises some interesting questions regarding the dynamic control of the PMA RSM.

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Conventional electrical vehicles (EVs) favour mostly permanent magnet machines with single speed gearboxes. This is understandable, the PM machine has a high power density making the electrical machine smaller in size. The PM machine also has a favourable field weakening capability combining this with a single speed gearbox nearly perfectly matches the required traction curve. However the dependency of rare earth metals from China and the environmental issues raised by mining these metals raise concern. Therefore alternatives should be considered. Induction -, switch reluctance - and wound rotor machines are all gaining ground as favourable traction machines to power vehicles. The reluctance synchronous machine (RSM) is known for it’s robustness and high efficiency, however the machine has a limited field-weakening capability. To overcome this short coming a multi gearbox from an internal combustion engine (ICE) is suggested. By combining the RSM and multi speed gearbox it is possible to match the traction curve. There are numerous advantages offered by using this system, especially from an performance and efficiency point of view. However there are also numerous challenges faced by using the suggested powertrain, however the focus of this study is mainly on performance and efficiency of the motor and the powertrain. As a case study a Corsa 140i is used and the design specifications is taken from the ICE. The aim is to design a RSM that meets the specifications of the ICE. The RSM structure is mathematically modelled then optimized using commercial optimization and 2D finite element software. To evaluate the design of the RSM, the motor is then tested. The powertrain is then tested by connecting the motor onto the gearbox of the Corsa and the efficiency of the powertrain is evaluated. The test results it shown that the RSM can be used as a traction motor. There are two motors built one with NO20 and the other with M530-65A lamination steel. Both motors perform well throughout the speed and torque spectrum. The measured efficiency at the rated condition for the motor with the NO20 steel is above 91% and the motor with the M530-65A laminations above 89%. The power train is is tested in 4th and 5th gear. The efficiency of 4th and 5th gear is approximated and the efficiency is above 90% . This high efficiency makes the multi speed gearbox a competitor for the EV power train. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Elektrisie voertuie (EVe) het meestal permanent magneet motors met ’n enkel spoed ratkas. Dit is verstaanbaar, die PMS masjien het ’n hoë krag digtigheid wat die masjien kleiner maak in grote. Die PMS masjien het ’n baie goeie vloed veld verswakkings gebied en as dit gekombineer word met ’n enkel spoed ratkas, volg dit die velangde traksie kurwe amper perfek. Die nadeel is dat die PMS motor skaars aard metale nodig het vir die magnete van China af. Die probleem is dat daar baie omgewings probleme gepaard gaan om die metale te myn en China beheer die mark. As gevolg hiervan moet ander tipe motors oorweeg word as traksie motors vir voertuie. Skakel reluktansie, induksie en ’n wikkel rotor motors is almal besig om vordering te maak as traksie motors vir EV’e. Die sinchroon reluktansie motor (RSM) is bekend as ’n robuuste en effektiewe motor. Die probleem met die RSM is dat dit nie ’n goeie vloed veld verswakkings gebied het nie. Om die probleem te oorkom, word ’n veranderlike spoed ratkas van ’n binnebrand engin voorgestel. Deur om die RSM en die veranderlike spoed ratkas as ’n dryfstelsel te gebruik kan die verlangde traksie kurwe ook verkry word. Daar is talle voordele om ’n veranderlike spoed ratkas te gebruik, veral van af ’n draaimoment verrigting en effektiwiteits oogpunt. Daar is ongelukkig ook baie uitdagings wat gepaard gaan as ’n veranderlike spoed ratkas gebruik wil word in die dryfstelsel. Alhoewel daar baie uitdagings is kyk die studie slegs na die draaimoment verrigting en die effektiwiteit van die dryfstelsel. ’n Corsa 140i word as ’n gevallestudie gebruik en die spesifikasies vir die elektrisie motor word vanaf die spesifikasies van die binnebrand engin geneem. Die doel is om ’n motor te ontwerp wat dieselfde spesifikasies het as die binnebrand engin. Die RSM strukstuur word wiskundig gemodelleer en dan geoptimeer deur gebruik te maak van kommersiele optimering en 2D eindige element sagteware. Om die ontwerp te verifieer word die motor getoets. Die dryfstelsel word dan getoets deur om die motor met die raktas te konnekteer. Die draaimoment verrigting en die effektiwiteit word dan ge-evalueer. Twee motors word gebou, een met NO20 laminasies en een met M530-65A laminasies. Beide motors het goeie verrigting deur die spoed en draaimoment gebied. Die gemeete effektiwiteit van die motor met die NO20 laminasies is bo 91% en die motor met die M530-65A laminasies het ’n gemeete effektiwiteit bo 89%. Die toets resultate wys dat die RSM as ’n traksie motor gebruik kan word. Die dryfstelsel word in 4de en 5de rat ge-evalueer. Die effektiwiteit van die ratkas in 4de en 5de word benader en ’n effektiwiteit bo 90% is verkry. Hierdie hoë effektiwiteit maak die veranderlike spoed ratkas ’n lewensvatbare mededinger in die EV dryfstelsel.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται την μελέτη και κατασκευή ενός συστήματος ελέγχου για έναν κινητήρα μαγνητικής αντίδρασης (Reluctance). Η εργασία αυτή εκπονήθηκε στο Εργαστήριο Ηλεκτρομηχανικής Μετατροπής Ενέργειας του Τμήματος Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών της πολυτεχνικής σχολής του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Σκοπός της εργασίας αυτής, είναι η μελέτη και η κατασκευή ενός τριφασικού αντιστροφέα πηγής τάσης, ο οποίος θα επιτρέπει την υλοποίηση βαθμωτού και διανυσματικού ελέγχου για έναν σύγχρονο κινητήρα μαγνητικής αντίδρασης χωρίς έκτυπους πόλους στο στάτη. Ο σύγχρονος κινητήρας μαγνητικής αντίδρασης χωρίς έκτυπους πόλους στο στάτη, όπως και οποιοσδήποτε άλλος κινητήρας μαγνητικής αντίδρασης, βασίζει τη λειτουργία του στη ροπή αντίδρασης, γεγονός από το οποίο προέρχεται και η ονομασία των κινητήρων αυτού του είδους (ReluctanceMotors). Το κύριο χαρακτηριστικό των κινητήρων μαγνητικής αντίδρασης είναι η έλλειψη οποιασδήποτε πηγής διέγερσης στο δρομέα. Τα τελευταία χρόνια έχει αναπτυχθεί έντονο επιστημονικό ενδιαφέρον σχετικά με τη βελτιστοποίηση της κατασκευής των σύγχρονων κινητήρων μαγνητικής αντίδρασης χωρίς έκτυπους πόλους στο στάτη, καθώς και των μεθόδων ελέγχου, που μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν για βελτιστοποίηση της λειτουργίας τους. Αρχικά μελετήθηκαν οι βασικές αρχές λειτουργίας των μηχανών εναλλασσόμενου ρεύματος και η ανάλυση επικεντρώθηκε στο σύγχρονο κινητήρα μαγνητικής αντίδρασης. Μελετήθηκαν τα κατασκευαστικά χαρακτηριστικά του σύγχρονου κινητήρα μαγνητικής αντίδρασης χωρίς έκτυπους πόλους στο στάτη, το μαθηματικό μοντέλο που περιγράφει τη λειτουργία του, συγκρίθηκε με άλλους τύπους κινητήρων εναλλασσόμενου ρεύματος και παρουσιάστηκαν οι μέθοδοι ελέγχου που μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν σε έναν σύγχρονο κινητήρα μαγνητικής αντίδρασης χωρίς έκτυπους πόλους στο στάτη. Επιπλέον μελετήθηκε ο τριφασικός αντιστροφέας πηγής τάσης, ο οποίος είναι απαραίτητος για την οδήγηση ενός σύγχρονου κινητήρα μαγνητικής αντίδρασης, καθώς και διάφορες τεχνικές για την παλμοδότησή του. Τέλος προσομοιώθηκε ο σύγχρονος κινητήρας μαγνητικής αντίδρασης με το πρόγραμμα προσομοίωσης Matlab/Simulink για διάφορες καταστάσεις λειτουργίας του, και ακολούθησε η κατασκευή του τριφασικού αντιστροφέα για την πειραματική διερεύνηση και επιβεβαίωση των αποτελεσμάτων της προσομοίωσης. / The present diploma thesis deals with the design and manufacture of a control system for a Reluctance Motor. This work was developed in the Laboratory of Electromechanical Energy Conversion at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Technology of the School of Engineering in the University of Patras, Greece. The purpose of this thesis is the design and manufacture of a three-phase voltage source inverter for the control of the performance of a Synchronous Reluctance Motor by the implementation of Scalar and Vector control. The operation of Synchronous Reluctance Motor, like any other type of Reluctance Motors, is based on reluctance torque. The main characteristic of Reluctance Motors is that the rotor does not have any field winding. During the last years, a great interest has emerged around the Synchronous Reluctance Motor, which mainly focuses on the optimization of its construction and control. At first, an introduction to the operation principles of the AC motor is done, while the main interest is focused on Synchronous Reluctance Motor. The analysis of Synchronous Reluctance Motor covers many aspects, such as its construction characteristics, its dynamic model, its control strategies, as well as a comparison with other AC motors. Furthermore the three phase inverter is studied and its modulation techniques, since it is used for the driving of the motor. Finally the Synchronous Reluctance Motor is simulated in Matlab/Simulink for some operating conditions, and a three phase voltage source inverter is constructed for the experimental investigation and to see the relationship between the results of the simulation and the experiment.

In this thesis, after a comprehensive literature review on different conventional and predictive torque control strategies for switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives, two online methods and one offline multi-objective optimization-based method are proposed to extend the operating speed range of finite control set model predictive torque control (FCS-MPTC) for SRM by adaptively controlling the commutation angles in the entire speed range. Furthermore, a method is proposed to minimize the steady state torque tracking error of FCS-MPTC for SRM drives. The incapability of the conventional FCS-MPTC in controlling the commutation angles, which is considered as one of the main drawbacks of the conventional FCS-MPTC, limits its application for high-speed torque control of SRM drives. The phase turn-off angle is always selected to be close to the aligned position with the conventional FCS-MPTC regardless of the operating speed. However, commutation angle advancement is required for high-speed torque control of SRM drives to limit the negative phase torque resulting from the current tail after the turn-off angle in the generating region. Excessive negative torque with the conventional FCS-MPTC at higher speeds can result in a degraded performance with high rms current, low average torque, high torque ripple, and reduced efficiency. The phase turn-off angle can be adaptively controlled as speed changes with the first online commutation angle control strategy proposed in this thesis. This method is based on predicting the free-wheeling phase current in an extended time interval which is much bigger than the prediction horizon of FCS-MPTC. The second online turn-off angle control method is also proposed by improving the optimality condition defined for determining the optimal turn-off angle. The optimality condition is determined by calculating the work done by the conducting phase after the phase is turned off. The weighting factor of the objective function of FCS-MPTC is kept constant with both proposed online methods. An offline multi-objective optimization-based strategy is proposed to determine the globally optimal turn-off angle and the weighting factor in the entire operating torque and speed ranges. The effectiveness of both proposed online methods and the offline commutation angle control strategy is verified using simulations and experimental results. The results are also compared to the conventional FCS-MPTC and the indirect average torque control with optimized conduction angles which is considered as one of the main conventional torque control strategies for SRM drives. In order to minimize the torque tracking error as a result of either parameter uncertainties or tracking multiple objectives with a single objective function with weighting factors, a method is proposed which is based on updating the reference torque at each sample time by calculating the average torque tracking error in the previous sample times. The validity of the proposed method is verified using simulations. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis focuses on modelling of the permanent magnet synchronous reluctancemotor (PMSynRM), which has drawn considerable attention by researchers thanks toits high efficiency and wide range of speed operation. Comparisons with measurementsfrom a four-pole PMSynRM with four barriers and 24 stator slots have been carriedout. In this thesis work, Matlab and Comsol Multiphysics are used to implement theparameterized PMSynRM model.Models of the PMSynRM in two-dimensions (2D) and three-dimensions (3D) havebeen implemented. The electromotive force (back emf) at no load condition for a fullpitchand short-pitch winding as well as the air-gap flux density distribution have beencalculated. A parametric study has been performed where the air-gap length, insulationratio of both d and q-axes, as well as flux barrier number have been varied and theeffect on the machine performance has been observed. The losses including eddycurrentlosses in permanent magnet, stator lamination loss, and rotor lamination losshave been calculated. The back emf and rated torque as well as developed torque witha pure q-axis current have been compared with corresponding experimental data.A 3D model of an axially shortened rotor has also been implemented in where apulsating current has been applied to estimate eddy-current losses in the permanentmagnets. The predicted losses from the 2D model and 3D model have been comparedfor pulsating currents with varying frequency and magnitude. / Denna avhandling fokuserar på modellering av permanentmagneten synkronreluktansmotor (PMSynRM), som har fäst stor uppmärksamhet av forskare tack varedess höga effektivitet och brett spektrum av hastigheter. Jämförelser med mätningarfrån en fyrpolig PMSynRM med fyra hinder och 24 statorspåren har utförts. I dettaexamensarbete, Matlab och Comsol Multi används för att implementera parameterPMSynRM modell. Modeller av PMSynRM i två dimensioner (2D) och tre dimensioner(3D) har genomförts. Den elektromotoriska kraften (mot-emk) utanbelastningstillstånd för en full-pitch och kort stigning lind samt luftgapetfördelningsflödestäthet har beräknats. En parametrisk studie har gjorts där luftspaltlängden,isolering förhållande av både d- och q-axlar, såväl somflödesbarriärnummer har varierats och effekten på maskinens prestanda harobserverats. Förlusterna inklusive virvelströmsförluster i permanentmagnet,statorskiktet förlust, och rotorlamine förlust har beräknats. Mot-emk och nominelltvridmoment samt utvecklat vridmoment med en ren q-axelström har jämförts medmotsvarande experimentella data. En 3D-modell av en axiellt förkortad rötor har ocksågenomförts i där en pulserande ström har tillämpats för att uppskattavirvelströmsförluster i permanentmagneterna. De förutsagda förluster från 2Dmodellenoch 3D-modell har jämförts för pulserande strömmar med varierandefrekvens och storlek.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The position sensorless controllability of the reluctance synchronous machine (RSM) is investigated in this thesis with the focus on industry applications where variable and dynamic torque is required from startup up to rated speed. Two low speed as well as one medium to high speed position sensorless control (PSC) method for RSMs are investigated. These methods are extended to operate in the entire rated speed region with a hybrid PSC structure that makes use of phase locked-loop synchronisation and a hysteresis changeover method. It is shown in this thesis that PSC of the lateral rib rotor RSM is not possible from zero up to ± 0.2 p.u current. It is shown through finite element (FE) simulations that PSC of the ideal rotor RSM however, is possible at zero reference current. A novel construction method is used to build two ideal rotor RSMs. Measured flux linkage curve results of the ideal rotor RSMs correlate well with simulation results and it is shown that the electrical angle of the machine can be tracked successfully at zero reference current. The FE simulation package is used to compare the saliency of the RSM on a per-unit scale to three types of field intensified permanent magnet (FI-PM) synchronous machines and a field weakening interior permanent magnet synchronous machine. It is shown that the saliency of the RSM is larger than that of the investigated PM machines from zero up to rated load. It is thus concluded that the RSM is well suited to saliency-based PSC (SB-PSC) methods, which are used to control synchronous machines at startup and low speeds. The hybrid PSC methods developed in this thesis, are tested and evaluated on three proposed industry applications. The first is a reluctance synchronous wind generator with an inverter output LC filter. The LC filter allows long cables to be used and reduces the voltage stress on the stator windings of the machine. The combination of the LC filter and hybrid PSC method allows the power electronics and controller to be stationed in the base of the turbine tower. A new stator quantity estimation method is derived to omit the need of current and voltage sensors on the machine side of the LC filter. Good maximum power point tracking laboratory results are shown with the high frequency injection-assisted hybrid PSC method. The second application investigated is a position sensorless controlled variable gear electric vehicle (EV) RSM drive. Simulation and measured results show good torque capabilities of the position sensorless controlled EV RSM. It is shown through simulation results that the fundamental current harmonic is dominant in the demodulation scheme of the high frequency injection position sensorless control (HFIPSC) method due to the high current rating of the proposed RSM. The HFI-PSC method is extended to reduce the effect of the fundamental current harmonic in the demodulation scheme without adding any additional filters. The final investigated application is a novel mine scraper winch, which uses two position sensorless controlled RSMs to retrieve ore from the blast site underground. The new design improves on the safety, efficiency and durability of the current scraper winch design. Measured results show that the position sensorless controlled winch RSM is able to deliver rated startup torque with both investigated SB-PSC methods. Finally an automation method is implemented and tested to limited the applied force on the scraper and automatically free itself when stuck. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die posisie sensorlose beheer eienskappe van die reluktansie sinchroonmasjien (RSM) word in hierdie tesis ondersoek met die fokus op industriële toepassings waar varierende dinamiese draaimoment vereis word vanaf stilstand tot by ken spoed. Twee lae spoed- en een ho¨e spoed posisie sensorlose beheer (PSB) metodes vir RSMe is ondersoek. Hierdie metodes is uitgebrei om twee hibriede PSB metodes to skep wat die RSM van stilstand tot by kenspoed posisie sensorloos kan beheer. Die ontwikkelde hibriede metodes maak gebruik van ’n histerese oorskakelings skema en fase geslote lus sinchronisasie Daar word in hierdie tesis bevestig dat die laterale rib RSM nie beheer kan word met die geondersoekte PSB metodes by nul stroom nie. Eindige element simulasie resultate wys egter daarop dat die ideale rotor RSM wel beheer kan word met die geondersoekte metodes by nul stroom. ’n Nuwe konstruksie metode is voorgestel om twee ideale rotor RSMe to bou. Gemete vloed omsluiting kurwes resultate korreleer baie goed met dié van die eindige element simulasies. Gemete resultate wys ook daarop dat PSB van die nuwe masjiene moontlik is by nul stroom. ’n Eindige element pakket is gebruik om die speek-koëffissiënt van die RSM te vergelyk met drie tipes veld-versterkte permanent magneet masjiene, asook een veld verswakte permanent magneet versinkte masjien. Die simulasie resultate wys dat die RSM se speek-koëffissiënt hoër is as die van die geondersoekte permanent magneet masjiene. Die RSM is dus geskik vir speek-koëffissiënt georienteerde PSB metodes, wat hoofsaaklik by stilstand en lae spoed gebruik word. Die ontwikkelde hibried PSB metodes is getoets en geëvalueer met drie voorgestelde industriële toepassings. Die eerste is ’n reluktansie sinchroon wind generator met ’n omsetter uittree laagdeurlaat filter. Die laagdeurlaat filter laat toe dat langer kabels vanaf die omsetter na die generator gebruik kan word. Die kombinasie van die laagdeurlaat filter en die PSB metodes laat toe dat die drywingselektronika en die beheerders in die toring basis geplaas kan word. Dit kan die gewig van die nasel verminder. Goeie maksimum drywingspunt volging laboratorium resultate word getoon met die hoë frekwensie ondersteunde hibried PSB metode. Die tweede geondersoekte toepassing is ’n posisie sensorlose beheerde, varierende ratkas elektriese voertuig RSM. Goeie simulasie en gemete draaimoment resultate van die RSM word getoon. Simulasie resultate toon dat die fundamentele q-as stroom harmoniek dominant is in die demodulasie skema van die hoë frekwensie PSB metode, as gevolg van die hoë ken stroom van die motor. Die hoë frekwensie PSB metode is uitgebrei om die fundamentele stroom harmoniek te onderdruk in die demodulasie skema sonder om enige filters by te voeg. Die finale toepassing is ’n nuwe myn windas wat van twee posisie sensorlose beheerde RSMe gebruik maak om klippe ondergronds te verplaas vanaf die ontploffings area. Die voorgestelde ontwerp verbeter die huidige ontwerp ten opsigte van die veiligheid, energie effektiwiteit en robuustheid. Gemete resultate wys dat ken draaimoment moontlik is met altwee speek-koëffissiënt metodes. ’n Automasie metode, wat die maksimum draaimoment op die windas beperk en automaties homself bevry indien hy vasval, is voorgestel en geëvalueer.

Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Magister Technologiae in Electrical Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology SUPERVISOR: E. VOSS NOVEMBER 2013 / The reluctance synchronous machine (RSM) operates on the principle of magnetic reluctance, which is produced through a careful selection of rotor flux barriers and cut-outs. Magnetic reluctivity is the resistance to magnetic flux and can be directly related to the principles of Ohm’s law in electrical circuits. Although reluctance motors have been known for more than 150 years, researchers lost interest when Nikola Tesla’s induction machine (IM) was introduced to industry. Over the last few decades, however, RSMs have shown a lot of potential. They are cheap, robust, reliable, and their rotors can also be used in the stators of IMs. The disadvantage of these machines is an inherently high torque ripple, being the result of its rotor geometry, but the biggest advantage is having a significant reduction in copper losses after the rotor cage has been removed. This advantage drove engineers to investigate, optimise and modify the performance and structure of this machine, which led to the usage of electronic drive systems. The recent advances in technology have allowed researchers to further investigate and modify the design and performance of this special type of machine, with the integration of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software also making a contribution to the development of the RSM’s current driven systems. The voltage-fed RSM, driven direct-on-line (DOL) from the utility supply, was left in the shadows as the current-fed RSM took reign, but still is, in the author’s opinion, not yet fully analysed. This thesis practically investigates the performance characteristics of the cageless, voltage-fed 3kW RSM in its steady-state operation, under various loads. These performance characteristics are also compared to a RSM driven from a sensorless vector drive (current-fed) to investigate the advantages and disadvantages between the two. Experiments performed on the test bench immediately reveal a limitation to the voltage-fed RSM’s ability to drive higher loads. While the current-fed RSM conveniently reaches 150% of its full-load, the voltage-fed RSM, due to its cageless structure, only reaches 110% of its full-load power. Despite this discovery, the voltage-fed RSM proves to have a lower core loss, harmonic content and torque ripple. Using a FE software package with an integrated source-code, additional parameters such as the dq-axis inductances and currents are also compared and analysed in terms of its reaction to an increase in load. The eddy-current, hysteresis and excess losses are also analysed as well as the harmonic components caused by the geometry of the RSM. For academic purposes, a fair amount of emphasis is placed on the approach to the problem. The preparation for the FE simulation is explained in detail, providing insight into the FE mathematical model as well as parameter acquisition. These parameters include current angle, friction and windage losses, stator resistance, end-winding leakage reactance, core loss and inertia. The results obtained by the FE model are compared to that of the measured results and is found to have an error of only 0.52%. Furthermore, this study attempts to find the feasibility of the voltage-fed RSM’s practicality in modern-day industry. The conclusion is drawn that the voltage-fed RSM could be used as a more elegant alternative to an otherwise over-complicated and over-priced installation.

O motor linear à relutância variável (MLRV) é uma máquina elétrica alimentada em corrente contínua, com fases excitadas numa sequência determinada. Caracterizado por operar numa ampla faixa de variação de velocidade, é utilizado em aplicações lineares que convertem energia elétrica em força e movimento de translação. A necessidade de dispositivos comutadores de corrente e um sistema de controle requer boa estimativa do perfil de indutância do motor. No entanto, uma vez que o maior entreferro dificulta o cálculo analítico, este perfil deve ser obtido através de métodos numéricos. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta um motor linear do tipo fluxo longitudinal de 4 fases, destinado a mover um sistema de translação deslizante de abertura e fechamento. A robustez, a simplicidade de construção e a potência reduzida foram decisivos na escolha do tipo de máquina. A análise via elementos finitos (AEF) é aplicada a fim de determinar o desempenho, qualificado pela auto-indutância das bobinas de fase e pela capacidade de produção da força de propulsão. A AEF também é utilizada na avaliação do fator de ondulação da força (force ripple), altamente presente neste tipo de motor, além da produção de vibração e ruído acústico, decorrentes do mesmo. / The linear variable reluctance motor (LVRM) is an electric machine fed by direct current with excited phases in a given sequence. Characterized by operating in a wide range of speed variation, it is used in linear applications that converts electric energy into force and translation movement. The need for current switching devices and a control system requires a good estimate of the motor’s inductance profile. However, since the larger air gap makes analytical calculation difficult, this profile must be obtained by numerical methods. In this context, this work presents a linear motor of the 4 phase transverse flow type designed to move a sliding translation system of opening and closing. Robustness, simplicity of construction and reduced power are decisive in the choice of machine type. The finite element analysis (FEA) is applied in order to determine the performance, qualified by the self-inductance of phase coils and the propulsion force production capacity. The FEA is also used in the evaluation of the force ripple factor, highly present in this type of motor, besides the production of vibration and acoustic noise arising from ripple factor. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

Cette thèse de doctorat s'inscrit dans un projet pour le développement du véhicule électrique piloté par la société Renault. Il répond aux prévisions d’exploitation de véhicules électriques pour des déplacements interurbains et urbains afin d’améliorer les aspects environnementaux. L'objectif de nos travaux a été de développer un outil capable de prédire le bruit d'origine électromagnétique produit par des machines à rotor passifs : machine à réluctance variable, sur une large plage de vitesse. Pour cela, le développement d’un modèle vibro-acoustique reposant sur les équations aux dérivées partielles permet d’obtenir une bonne estimation des vibrations et du bruit de la machine pour une force donnée. Cette modélisation analytique couplée à un outil éléments finis, permettant ainsi d’estimer précisément les pressions radiales d’origine magnétique, fournit sous forme de sonagramme le bruit de la machine sur une large plage de vitesse. Cette approche dite hybride « numérique et analytique » offre l’avantage d’un très bon compromis temps de calcul – précision afin de concevoir des machines peu bruyantes. Enfin une analyse des effets de la saturation de ces machines ainsi qu’une analyse harmonique par produit de convolution sont fournis. / This thesis is related to the development of an electric car by Renault. This vehicle respects the constraints in order to improve environmental aspects. The aim of this work is to develop a tool capable of predicting electromagnetic noise generated by motors with passive rotor: switched reluctance machine, for a large range of speed.For that, a vibro-acoustic model based on an analytical approach was developed. It gives a good estimation of the vibrations and noise of the machine for a given force. This analytical model is coupled with Finite Element models which allows accurate estimation of radial Maxwell pressure and gives the sonogram of the radiated noise regarding a large range of speed.The advantage of this “hybrid” approach (Finite Element and analytical) is the very good compromise accuracy/computational time in order to design less noisy motors. Finally, an analysis of the saturation effect and harmonic analysis using convolution were performed.

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